Haryana Board 10th Class English Grammar Reported Speech
Haryana Board 10th Class English Grammar Reported Speech
HBSE 10th Class English Grammar Reported Speech
Direct Speech and Indirect Speech :
किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा कही गई बात को दो प्रकार से व्यक्त कर सकते हैं-
(a) पहला तरीका है वक्ता के शब्दों को ज्यों का त्यों व्यक्त करना। इसे Direct Speech कहते हैं। इसमें वक्ता के शब्दों को Inverted Commas (” “) के अंदर रखते हैं, जैसे
Mohan said, “I am going to Delhi.”
(b) दूसरा तरीका है कि हम वक्ता की बात को अपने शब्दों में कहें। इसे Indirect Speech कहते हैं, जैसे
Mohan said that he was going to Delhi.
* Direct Speech के बारे में कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण बातें :
(a) Direct Speech के दो भाग होते हैं। इसमें Inverted Commas से बाहर के भाग को Reporting Verb कहते हैं।
(b) वक्ता के कथन को अर्थात “Inverted Commas” के अंदर के भाग को Reported Speech कहते हैं।
(c) वक्ता को Reporting Verb का subject कहते हैं। अगर वह किसी को संबोधित कर रहा है तो उसे Reporting Verb का object कहते हैं। निम्नलिखित उदाहरण से यह बात स्पष्ट हो जाएगी :
(d) Reported Speech को सदा Inverted Commas के बीच में रखा जाता है।
(e) Reporting Verb और Reported Speech को Comma द्वारा अलग किया जाता है।
* Indirect Speech के बारे में महत्त्वपूर्ण बातें:
(a) इसमें Inverted Commas (” “) का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता।
(b) Reporting Verb और Reported Speech के बीच वाला Comma हटा दिया जाता है।
(c) बहुत से वाक्यों में Reported Speech से पहले that, if, whether आदि conjunction का प्रयोग होता है।
(d) Reporting Verb का tense कभी नहीं बदलता।
(e) Reporting Verb में Reported Speech के भाव के अनुसार कुछ परिवर्तन होता है।
(f) Reported Speech को assertive sentence में बदल देते हैं।
(g) Reported Speech में tense और pronouns आदि के आधार पर कुछ परिवर्तन किए जाते हैं।
इन परिवर्तन करने के नियमों का अब हम अध्ययन करेंगे।
* Rules for the Change of Tenses :
(a) अगर Reporting Verb वर्तमान काल या भविष्य काल में हो तो Reported Speech का tense नहीं बदलता, जैसे-
Direct : He says, “I am going to Agra.”
Indirect : He says that he is going to Agra.
Direct : Amit says, “Ram will write a letter.”
Indirect : Amit says that Ram will write a letter.
Direct : He will say, “Sudha has a doll.”
Indirect : He will say that Sudha has a doll.
Direct : They say, “Raju will be late.”
Indirect : They say that Raju will be late.
(b) अगर reporting verb भूतकाल में हो तो reported speech के tense निम्नलिखित प्रकार से बदले जाते हैं :
| (i) Present Indefinite
do go, does go, do not go, does not go |
changes into
changes into changes into |
Past Indefinite
went did not go |
| (ii) Present Continuous
is/am/are going |
changes into
changes into |
Past Continuous
was or were going |
| (iii) Present Perfect
have or has gone |
changes into
changes into |
Past Perfect
had gone |
| (iv) Present Perfect Continuous
has or have been write |
changes into
changes into |
Past Perfect Continuous
had been writing |
| (v) Past Indefinite
wrote |
changes into
changes into |
Past Perfect
had written |
| (vi) Past Continuous
was writing |
changes into
changes into |
Past Perfect Continuous
had been writing |
| (vii) Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous Tense change | ||
| (viii) Shall, will
May Can |
changes into
changes into changes into |
should or would
might could |
Tense बदलने के नियर्मों का सार :
Examples:
I. Direct : He said, “The servant has posted the letter.”
Indirect : He said that the servant had posted the letter.
2. Direct : I said, “It has been raining since morning.”
Indirect : I said that it had been raining since morning.
3. Direct : She said, “I gave him the pen.”
Indirect : She said that she had given him the pen.
4. Direct : He said, “I was solving sums.”
Indirect : He said that he had been solving sums.
5. Direct : Ram said, “I shall nor lake part in the drama.”
Indirect : Ram said that he would not take part in the drama.
6. Direct : The teacher said, “The boys may go home.”
Indirect : The teacher said that the boys might go home.
(ix) ‘Must’ वाले वाक्यों का Tense निम्नलिखित ढंग से बदला जाता है :
(a) अगर ‘Must’ का अर्थ कथन के समय अनिवार्यता या बाध्यता (Necessity or Compulsion at the moment of speaking) हो तो इसे ‘had to’ में बदला जाता है, जैसे
Direct : He said, “Rani must go at once.”
Indirect : He said that Rani had to go at once.
(b) अगर ‘Must’ का अर्थ भविष्य काल की अनिवार्यता या बाध्यता (Necessity or Compulsion in the Future) हो तो ‘Must’ को ‘Would have to’ में बदलते हैं, जैसे
Direct : He said, “Rani must go after a week.”
Indirect . He said that Rani would have to go after a week.
(c) अगर ‘Must’ का अर्थ मनाही (Prohibition) या Permanent Ruling (स्थायी आदेश या व्यवस्था) हो तो Must को नहीं बदला जाता, जैसे
Direct : He said, “One must be punctual.”
Indirect : He said that one must be punctual.
Change of Person :
Rule 1. Direct Speech में यदि Reported Speech में Ist Person का प्रयोग किया हो तो उसे Reporting Verb के Subject के अनुसार बदलते हैं; जैसे-
Direct : He said, “I am reading my book.”
Indirect : He said that he was reading his book.
Direct : She said, “We are reading our books.”
Indirect : She said that they were reading their books.
Direct : Geeta said. “Mine is the best school.”
Indirect : Geeta said that hers is the best school.
Direct : Gopal said, “Ours is the best team.”
Indirect : Gopal said that theirs is the best team.
Rule 2. Direct Speech में यदि Reported Speech में 2nd Person का प्रयोग किया हो तो उसे Reporting Verb के Object के अनसार बदलते हैं; जैसे-
Direct : He said to me, ‘TOM are helping your brother.”
Indirect : He told me that I was helping my brother.
Direct : He said to her, “You are wasting your time.”
Indirect : He told her that she was wasting her time.
Direct : He said to us, ‘TOM have not doneyour duty.”
Indirect : He told us that we had not done our duty.
Direct : Renu said to me, “Yours is the best painting.”
Indirect : Renu told me that mine is the best painting.
Rule 3. Direct Speech में यदि Reported Speech में 3rd Person का प्रयोग किया हो तो उसे नहीं बदलते है; जैसे
Direct : Ram said, ”He\s working in the office.”
Indirect : Ram said that he was working in the office.
Direct : I said,”She is preparing herself.”
Indirect : I said that she was preparing herself.
इसे हम निम्न सूत्र की सहायता से आसानी से याद रख सकते हैं –
The change of words showing nearness:
Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलते समय Reported Speech में प्रयोग किए गए समय व स्थान की निकटता प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों को प्रायः दूरी प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों में बदल दिया जाता है। ऐसे शब्द नीचे दिए गए हैं-
| निकटता प्रकट करने वाले शब्द
(Direct Speech) |
दूरी प्रकट करने वाले शब्द
(Indirect Speech) |
| this | that |
| these | those |
| here | there |
| hither | thither |
| now | then |
| thus | so F in that way |
| hence | thence |
| ago | before F earlier |
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before F the previous day |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| tonight | that night |
| last night, week, etc. | the previous night, week etc. |
| next week, month, etc. | the following week, month, etc. |
Direct : He said to me, “I shall meet you here tomorrow.”
Indirect : He told me that he would meet me there the next day.
Direct : She said to me, “I will meet you now.” .
Indirect : She told me that she would meet me then.
Direct : They said, “We bought the new house six months ago.”
Indirect : They said that they had bought the new house six months before.
I. Assertive Sentences
(a) यदि Direct Speech में Reporting Verb वर्तमान काल या भविष्य काल में हो तो Indirect Speech में Reported Speech के Tense को नहीं बदलते; जैसेsay को बदलते हैं-
say को बदलते हैं – say में
says को बदलते हैं – says में
say to को बदलते हैं – tell में
says to को बदलते हैं – tells में
Direct : He says, “I am going to Agra.”
Indirect : He says that he is going to Agra.
Direct : Ramesh says to me, “I need your help.”
Indirect : Ramesh tells me that he needs my help.
Direct : He will say to me, “It is your book.”
Indirect : He will tell me that it is my book.
Exercise 1
Change the following sentences into indirect speech :
1. He says, “1 am going to Agra.”
2. Amit says, “Ram will write a letter.”
3. He will say, “Sudha has a doll.”
4. They say, “Raju will be late.”
5. The crow will say, “1 cannot sing so well.”
6. The oldman says to his sons, “I need some money.”
7. He will say to me, “1 am not telling a lie.”
8. He says to his father, “I have done my work.”
9. I say to Sheela, “You are my best friend.”
10. Harish will say to me, “You have spoiled my pen.”
Answers:
1. He says that he is going to Agra.
2. Amit says that Ram will write a letter.
3. He will say that Sudha has a doll.
4. They say that Raju will be late.
5. The crow will say that it cannot sing so well.
6. The oldman tells his sons that he needs some money.
7. He will tell me that he is not telling a lie.
8. He tells his father that he has done his work.
9. I tell Sheela that she is my best friend.
10. Harish will tell me that I have spoiled his pen.
(b) यदि Direct Speech में Reporting Verb Past Tense अर्थात said या said to में हो और Reported Speech में किसी संज्ञा की नियमित आदत या सार्वजनिक सच्चाई या कहावतों का वर्णन किया होता है तो Reported Speech का Tense नहीं बदलते हैं।
said को बदलते हैं – said में
said to को बदलते हैं – told में
Reporting Verb को Reported Speech के साथ जोड़ने के लिए that का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Direct : He said to me, “I go for a walk daily.”
Indirect : He told me that he goes for a walk daily.
Direct : The teacher said, “The earth revolves round the sun.”
Indirect : The teacher said that the earth revolves round the sun.
Direct : The father said, “Slow and steady wins the race.”
Indirect : The father said that slow and steady wins the race.
Exercise 2
Change the following sentences into indirect speech :
1. The oldman said, “Eyes are a great blessing.”
2. The saint said, “Man is mortal.”
3. Gopal said, “My father often gets up at 5 a.m.”
4. He said, “Two and two make four.”
5. The teacher said, “The Ganga rises from the Himalayas.”
6. He said, “Honesty is the best policy.” ‘
7. The oldman said, “Union is strength.”
8. The teacher said, “The sun is stationary.”
9. He said to me, “Hard work is the key to success.”
10. The teacher said, “The Himalaya stands in the north of India.”
Answers:
1. The oldman said that eyes are a great blessing.
2. The saint said that man is mortal.
3. Gopal said that his father often gets up at 5 a.m.
4. He said that two and two make four.
5. The teacher said that the Ganga rises from the Himalayas.
6. He said that honesty is the best policy.
7. The oldman said that Union is strength.
8. The teacher said that the sun is stationary.
9. He told me that hard work is the key to success.
10. The teacher said that the Himalayas stand in the north of India.
(c) यदि Direct Speech में Reporting Verb Past Tense अर्थात said/said to में हो और Reported Speech में कोई सामान्य Statement हो तो Reported Speech के Tense को नियमानुसार बदलते हैं।
said को बदलते हैं – said में
said to को बदलते हैं – told में
Reporting Verb को Reported Speech के साथ जोड़ने के लिए that का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Direct : He said to me, “You are not helping me.”
Indirect : He told me that I was not helping him.
Direct : He said, “I can drive a car.”
Indirect : He said that he could drive a car.
Direct : He said, “I can do this work.”
Indirect : He said that he could do that work.
Exercise 3
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech :
1. She said to her mother, “It is no longer safe to live here.”
2. Sita said to the teacher, “I need your help.”
3. Margie said, “I hate school.”
4. The little girl said to me, “This is my doll.”
5. John said to me, “1 hope to win this prize.”
6. I said to Anil, “You are not coming to school regularly.”
7. “Last week our school won a football match,” said Mohan to Leela.
8. The teacher says to the boys, “You can play now.”
9. Rahim said to his brother, “Fortune favours the brave.”
10. Rahul said to me, “I posted your letter.”
Answers:
1. She told her mother that it was no longer safe to live there.
2. Sita told the teacher that she needed her help.
3. Margie said that she hated school.
4. The little girl told me that this was her doll.
5. John told me that he hoped to win that prize.
6. I told Anil that he was not coming to school regularly.
7. Mohan told Leela that the previous week their school had won a football match.
8. The teacher tells the boys that they can play then.
9. Rahim told his brother that fortune favours the brave.
10. Rahul told me that he had posted my letter.
Exercise 4
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech :
1. He said, “1 do not like coffee.”
2. My teacher says to me, “You are a brilliant student.”
3. Priyanka said, “Mine is the best school.”
4. The teacher said, “The sun sets in the west.”
5. My father says, “You can be a good player.”
6. Mohan said to me, “I met your brother yesterday.”
7. He said to me, “Slow & steady wins the race.”
8. He said , “Light travels in a straight line.”
9. They said, “The captain will not play the match.”
10. She said, “1 gave him the pen.”
Answers:
1. He said that he did not like coffee.
2. My teacher tells me that I am a brilliant student. .
3. Priyanka said that hers was the best school.
4. The teacher said that the sun sets in the west.
5. My father says that I can be a good player.
6. Mohan told me that he had met my brother the previous day.
7. He told me that slow and steady wins the race.
8. He said that Light travels in a straight line.
9. They said that the captain would not play the match.
10. She said that she had given him the pen.
II. Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative Sentences या Questions को Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में बदलने के नियम-
1. Reporting Verb ‘say’ को ‘ask’, ‘demand’, ‘enquire’ या ‘inquire’ आदि में बदला जाता है।
2. ‘Ask’ के बाद Reporting Verb के Object से पहले to’ का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता। लेकिन ‘demand’, ‘enquire’ या inquire’ के बाद और Reporting Verb के Object से पहले ‘of’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।
3. यदि Direct Question किसी सहायक क्रिया (is, am, are, was, were, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, do, does, did, have, has, had, must, ought; need, dare आदि) से आरंभ हो तो Indirect Question से पहले Conjunction के रूप में ‘if’ या ‘whether’ का प्रयोग होता है।
4. अगर Direct Question किसी Question Word (what, where, why, which, who, whom, how आदि) से आरंभ हो तो Indirect Question से पूर्व ‘if’ या ‘whether’ आदि किसी भी Conjunction का प्रयोग नहीं होता।
5. Direct Speech के Question को Statement (Assertive Sentence) में बदल दिया जाता है, अर्थात सहायक क्रियाओं का प्रयोग Subject के बाद किया जाता है और प्रश्नचिह्न (?) के स्थान पर full stop (.) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
6. अगर Direct Question ‘do’, ‘does’ या ‘did’ से आरंभ हो तो Indirect Question में इनका प्रयोग नहीं करते। और do या does को हटाकर verb की Ist Form को verb की 2nd Form में बदल देते हैं तथा Did को हटाकर verb की Ist Form को had + verb की 3rd Form में बदल देते हैं।
7. Direct Speech के Inverted Commas तथा Reporting Verb और Reported Speech को अलग करने वाले Comma को हटा दिया जाता है।
8. Words showing Nearness, Tenses तथा Pronouns आदि नियमानुसार बदल दिए जाते हैं।
Some Solved Examples
Direct
- She said to him, “Why did you keep me waiting?”
- The policeman said to Ram, “Did you go out yesterday?”
- I say to you, “Have you gone off your head?”
- He said to me, “Who taught me English ?”
- The teacher said to him, “When did the bus leave?”
- He said to me, “Have you taken your lunch?”
- My father said to me “why have you failed?”
- My mother said to me, “Have you done your homework?”
- The doctor said to me, “How is your mother?”
- She said to me, “Are you going to Agra tomorrow?”
- I said to Ram, “Do you know Sita?”
- He asked me, “Where is the station?”
- The Postmaster said to Lencho, “Why are you sad?”
- The landlady wondered, “Why does Griffin wear bandages on his face?
- He said to her, “Will you accompany me to the theatre.”
Indirect
- She asked him why he had kept her waiting.
- The policeman asked Ram if (whether) he had gone out the previous day.
- I ask you if you have gone off your head.
- He asked me who had taught him English.
- The teacher asked him when the bus had left.
- He asked me if 1 had taken my lunch.
- My father asked me why I had failed.
- My mother asked me if I had done my home work.
- The doctor asked me how my mother was.
- She asked me if (whether) 1 was going to Agra the next day.
- I asked Ram if he knew Sita.
- He asked me where the station was. .
- The Postmaster asked Lencho why he was sad.
- The landlady wondered why Griffin wore bandages on his face.
- He asked her if she would accompany him to the theatre.
Exercise 5
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech :
1. She said to me, “Are you going to Agra tomorrow?”
2. He said to me, “Can you meet me at the bus stand?”
3. The stranger said to man “can you tell me the way to a good hotel?
4. The mother said, “What do you want, my children?”
5. The teacher said, “Boys, why are you making a noise?”
6. The lion said to the mouse, “Why were you jumping on me?”
7. He said to me, “Why does your uncle not help you ?”
8. The boss said to the clerk, “Are you satisfied with your salary?”
9. I said to him, “Please don’t smoke here.”
10. Mother said to me, “Go and wash your hand.”
Answers:
1. She asked me whether I was going to Agra the next day.
2. He asked me if I could meet him at the bus stand.
3. The stranger asked me if 1 could tell him the way to a good hotel.
4. The mother asked her children what they wanted.
5. The teacher asked the boys why they were making a noise.
6. The lion asked the mouse why it had been jumping on him.
7. He asked me why my uncle did not help me.
8. The boss asked the clerk whether he was satisfied with his salary.
9. I requested him not to smoke there.
10. Mother ordered me to go and wash my hands.
III. Imperative Sentences
आज्ञासूचक वाक्यों को Direct से Indirect Speech में बदलने के लिए निम्नलिखित बातों को ध्यान में रखें
Rule 1.
Reporting Verb को भावों के अनुसार tell, ask, request, order, beg, command, forbid आदि में बदला जाता है।
1. उपदेश वाले वाक्यों में said to को advised में बदला जाता है।
2. आदेश वाले वाक्यों में said to को ordered में बदला जाता है।
3. प्रार्थना वाले वाक्यों में said to को requested में बदला जाता है।
4. याचना वाले वाक्यों में said to को begged में बदला जाता है।
5. साधारण Imperative वाक्यों में said to को asked में बदला जाता है।
6. नकारात्मक वाक्यों में said to को forbade में बदल दिया जाता है। याद रहे कि forbade के बाद ‘not’ का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता।
Rule 2.
Comma को हटाकर उसके स्थान पर ‘to’ शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है। ‘to’ के बाद verb की पहली form का प्रयोग करते हैं।
7. ‘Let’ वाले वाक्यों का भावार्थ अगर ‘अनुमति’ हो तो ‘Let’ को ‘to let’ या ‘might be allowed to’ में बदला जाता है। ‘Let’ को ‘should’ में बदला जाता है।
8. ‘Let’ वाले वाक्यों का भावार्थ अगर ‘सुझाव’ या ‘प्रस्ताव’ हो तो Reporting Verb ‘say’ को Suggest to + Object या Propose to + object में बदला जाता है। तथा ‘Let’ को ‘should’ में बदलकर इसे subject के बाद लगाया जाता है।
9. ‘Let us’ वाले वाक्यों का भावार्थ अगर ‘सुझाव’ या ‘प्रस्ताव’ हो तो Reported Speech के ‘us’ को निम्नलिखित ढंग से बदला जाता है-
(a) अगर Reporting Verb का Subject या Object उत्तम पुरुष (First Person) हो तो ‘us’ को ‘we’ में बदला जाता है।
(b) अगर Reporting Verb का Subject या Object मध्यम पुरुष (Second Person) हो तो ‘us’ को ‘you’ में बदला जाता है।
(c) बाकी सभी अवस्थाओं में ‘us’ को ‘they’ में बदला जाता है।
Rule 3.
Reported Speech में यदि do not या never शब्द हों तो Inverted Commas को हटाकर not to या never to लगा दिया जाता है। परंतु जब said to को forbade में बदलें तो do not तथा never को हटाकर उनके स्थान पर केवल ‘to’ ङ्के शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 1. He said to me, “Help the poor.” | He asked me to help the poor. |
| 2. The mother said to Leela, “Do not waste your time.” | The mother advised Leela not to waste her time.
Or The mother forbade Leela to waste her time. |
| 3. Harish said to Mohan, “Listen to what I say.” | Harish asked Mohan to listen to what he said. |
| 4. I said to my father, “Allow me to go on an educational trip, please.” | I requested my father to allow me to go on an educational trip. |
| 5. The commander said to his men, “March forward.” | The commander ordered his men to march forward. |
| 6. He said to me, “Open the door.” | He ordered me to open the door. |
| 7. The teacher said to the boys, “Obey your parents.” | The teacher advised the boys to obey their parents. |
| 8. He said to me, “Put it on the table.” | He asked me to put it on the table. |
| 9. “Work hard if you want to pass,” said the teacher. | The teacher advised him to work hard if he wanted to pass. |
| 10. Father said to his son, “Do not mix up with bad boys.” | Father advised his son not to mix up with bad boys. |
Exercise 6
Change into Indirect Speech :
1. I said to Naman, “Look at the map.”
2. He said to me, “Help the poor.”
3. The mother said to Ritu, “Do not waste your time.”
4. Radha said to Reeta, “Do what I say.”
5. I said to my teacher, “Allow me to meet my uncle.”
6. “Work hard if you want to pass,” said the teacher.
7. He sai’d to me, “Don’t touch this wire. It’s live.”
8. The beggar said to the traveller, “Give me some money, please.”
Answers:
1. I asked Naman to look at the map.
2. He advised me to help the poor.
3. The mother advised Ritu not to waste her time.
4. Radha asked Reeta to do what she said.
5. I requested my teacher to allow me to meet my uncle.
6. The teacher advised the students to work hard if they wanted to pass.
7. He forbade me to touch that wire because it was live.
8. The beggar requested the traveller to give him some money.
Exercise 7
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech :
1. The Principal said to the peon, “Ring the bell.”
2. The teacher said to the boys, “May you pass in the first division!”
3. The hostess said, “Did you sleep well?”
4. She said to the servant, “Open the door.”
5. He said to his son, “Never tell a lie.”
6. The captain said to the soldiers, “Fire at the enemy.”
7. Ram said to Mohan, “Listen to what I say.”
8. The manager said to the servant, “Go and post this letter.”
9. The teacher said to the Vishal, “Get out of the class.”
10. Mother said to her son, “Do what you are told.”
Answers:
1. The Principal ordered the peon to ring the bell.
2. The teacher blessed the boys that they might pass in the first division.
3. The hostess asked if he had slept well.
4. She ordered the servant to open the door.
5. He advised his son never to tell a lie.
6. The captain ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
7. Ram asked Mohan to listen to what he said.
8. The manager ordered the servant to go and post that letter.
9. The teacher ordered vishal to get out of the class.
10. Mother ordered her son to do what he was told.
Exercise 8
Change the form of narration in the following sentences:
1. I said to her, “Let us sit in the shade.”
2. Mohan said to me, “Let us take tea.”
3. He said to his friend, “Please lend me your book.”
4. I said to him, “Let the child sleep.”
5. Ramesh said to me, “My book is better than yours.”
6. I said, “Let us go out for a walk.”
Answers:
1. 1 proposed to her that we should sit in the shade.
2. Mohan proposed to me to take tea.
3. I requested his friend to lend him his book.
4. I asked him to let the child sleep.
5. Ramesh told me that his book was better than mine.
6. I proposed that we should go out for a walk.
IV. Exclamatory Sentences
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 1. The captain said, “Hurrah ! We have won the match.” | The captain exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. |
| 2. The oldman said, “Alas ! I am ruined.” | The oldman exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined. |
| 3. The captain said, “Bravo ! Well done, boys.” | The captain applauded the boys saying that they had done well. |
| 4. She said, “What a clever boy !” | She exclaimed with wonder that he was a very clever boy. |
| 5. I said, “How tall you are !” | I exclaimed with wonder that you are very tall. |
| 6. She said to me, “Goodbye !” | She bade me goodbye. |
| 7. I said to him, “Good morning !” | I wished him good morning. |
V. Opetative Sentences
Optative Sentences May या Would that से शुरू होते हैं और वाक्य के अंत में Mark of Exclamation (!) लगा होता है।
Rule 1. said को prayed या wished में बदलते हैं।
Rule 2. Reporting Verb को Reported Speech के साथ जोड़ने के लिए that का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Rule 3. वाक्य के अंत में Mark of Exclamation (!) के स्थान पर Full Stop (.) का प्रयोग करते हैं।
1. I said, “May our teacher live long”.
I prayed that our teacher might live long.
2. The beggar said, “May God bless you!”.
The beggar wished that God might bless me/him.
3. He said, “Would that I were a bird!”
He wished that he had been a bird.
4. He said to me, “May you win a scholarship!”
He wished that I might win a scholarship.
5. They said, “May her soul rest in peace!”
They prayed that her soul might rest in peace.
Exercise 10
Change the following into Indirect Speech :
1. Mohan said, “I met her last year.”
2. He said, “Will you listen to me” ?
3. Sonali said, “Where did you find it ?”
4. My teacher said to me, “How many brothers & sisters are you ?”
5. She said to me, “Welcome to the party.”
6. The teacher said to me, “Why have you been absent ?”
7. He said to his brother, “Go and post the letter”.
8. You said to me, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
9. You said to me, “I am thankful to you.”
10. She said to me, “Has Ravi invited you to the party?”
Answers:
1. Mohan said that he had met her the previous year.
2. He said me if 1 would listen to him.
3. Sonali asked me where I had found that.
4. My teacher asked me how many brothers & sisters are we.
5. She welcomed me to the party.
6. The teacher asked me why I had been absent.
7. He ordered his brother to go and post the letter.
8. You told me that where there is a will there is a way.
9. You told me that you were thankful to me.
10. She asked me that if Ravi had invited me to the party.
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