Haryana Board 10th Class English Grammar Tenses
Haryana Board 10th Class English Grammar Tenses
Haryana Board 10th Class English Grammar Tenses
Tense :
(काल किसे कहते हैं ?)
The tense of a verb shows the time of an action or event. (क्रिया का काल, कार्य या घटना के समय के बारे में । जानकारी देता है।)
Verb (क्रिया किसे कहते हैं ?)
The word that tells us about the process of doing any action or event is known as a verb. (जो शब्द किसी कार्य या घटना के करने या होने के बारे में जानकारी देता है, उसे क्रिया कहते हैं।)
अंग्रेज़ी भाषा में verb के तीन रूप होते हैं-
(1) Present
(2) Past
(3) Past Participle.
Some Important Three Forms of The Verb:
There ate three main tenses corresponding the three divisions of time, these are :
(काल मुख्य रूप से तीन प्रकार के होते हैं।)
(a) The Present Tense.
(b) The Past Tense.
(c) The Future Tense.
Sack of these thtee main tenses has four forms :
(i) Simple or Indefinite
(ii) Continuous or Progressive
(iii) Perfect
(iv) Perfect Continuous
There are three main, tenses corresponding the three divisions of time. These are:
(a) The Present Tense.
(b) The Past Tense.
(c) The Future Tense.
Each of these three main tenses has four forms :
(i) Simple or Indefinite
(ii) Continuous or Progressive
(iii) Perfect
(v) Perfect Continuous
(A)
I. The Simple Present (Or The Present Indefinite)
Form:
इस Tense से संबंधित वाक्य का जब हिंदी में उच्चारण किया जाता है तो वाक्य के अंत में ता है, ती है, ता हूँ… ते हैं, की आवाज आती है।
HBSE 9th Class English Grammar Tenses -10
S= Subject (कर्ताकारक)
V= Verb (क्रिया)
O= Object (कर्म कारक)
यदि Subject (he, she, it, singular Noun हो तो V1 के साथ s/es लगाते हैं। जैसे-)
My mother goes to temple daily.
My mother does not go to temple daily.
Does your mother go to temple daily?
I play cricket.
They work in a factory.
Uses :
इन वाक्यों में daily, every, always, often, usually, generally शब्द लगे होते हैं।
(a) To describe habitual actions.
(आदत वाले कार्य को बताने के लिए।)
Ram gets up early in the morning. Then he goes for a walk.
He always speaks the truth.
(b) To express a general, universal or scientific truth.
(सामान्य, शाश्वत या वैज्ञानिक तथ्य को बताने के लिए।)
The sun rises in the east.
The rain falls from the clouds.
(c) To express a fact which is true at the time of speaking.
(ऐसे तथ्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो बात करते समय सत्य है।)
Krishma lives in Mumbai.
The Express train does not stop at this station.
(d) In describing running commentaries :
(आँखों देखा हाल बताने के लिए।
Raman passes the ball to Kamal and he hits it into the goal.
II. The Present Continuous Tense
Form :
इस Tense से संबंधित वाक्य का जब हिंदी में अनुवाद किया जाता है तो वाक्य के अंत में रहा है, रही है, रहे। हैं, की आवाज आती है।
Simple Sentences – S+ Is/Am/Are + Vi+ing +O
Negative Sentences – S + Is/Am/Are +not+V, + ing+O
Interrogative Sentences – Is/Am/Are +S+V.+ing +O?
I के साथ am का प्रयोग करते हैं।
He, She, It और singular noun के साथ is का प्रयोग करते हैं।
We, you, they और Plural Noun के साथ are का प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसे-
Look ! the two boys are fighting. I am doing my work.
Uses :
(a) It shows what is happening now, at the time of writing or speaking.
(जो कार्य अब बात करते या लिखते समय हो रहा है।)
Shubham is studying in his room, but his brother Arun is playing in the garden.
(b) To express an action which may not be actually going on at the time of speaking, but it is going on in general.
(जो कार्य बात करते समय नहीं चल रहा, मगर सामान्य रूप से चल रहा है, उसे व्यक्त करने के लिए।)
She is writing a book on Economics.
He is building a new house.
(c) To express an action which is likely to happen in near future.
(उस घटना को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो निकट भविष्य में हो सकती है।)
My brother is coming next week.
I am going to Delhi tomorrow.
Exercise 1
Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present tense or the present continuous tense :
1. Suman generally (wear) a white suit but today she (wear) a blue one.
2. He (go) for a walk everyday.
3. What (make) the moon go round the earth?
4. Crime never (pay).
5. The workers (repair) the road at present.
6. People (wear) new clothes at Diwali.
7. My children generally (go) to their uncle during the holidays. But they (not go) this summer as we all (go) to Shimla.
8. I usually (drink) coffee but now I (drink) tea.
9. We (have) our lunch at the Ashoka Restaurant this afternoon.
10. Look! she (tremble) with fear.
11. The doctor (examine) the patient in the next room.
12. Do not make a noise. The baby (sleep) in the cradle. .
13. Bad students never (work) hard.
14. Going to war (mean) killing a lot of people.
15. He (want) to buy a scooter.
Answers:
1. wears; is wearing
2. goes
3. makes
4. pays
5. are repairing
6. wear
7. go ; are not going; are going
8. drink; am drinking
9. are having
10. is trembling
11. is examining
12. is sleeping
13. work
14. means
15. wants.
Exercise 2
Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present or present continuous tense:
1. Ice (melt) at 0” centigrade.
2. ‘Silence please’. The students (write) their examination in the next room.
3. What (make) an apple fall ?
4. I (hear) a continuous noise in the next room. What (go on) there ?
5. She (write) a book on English nowadays.
6. The car (need) servicing. I (send) it to the garage tomorrow.
7. It (rain) hard. 1 am afraid the match will have to be cancelled.
8. My sister (take) lessons in Western music. She (practise) on the piano everyday.
9. He (say) that he (not leave) now.
10. The boys (rehearse) a play for College Day.
Answers:
1. melts
2. are writing
3. makes
4. hear; is going on
5. is writing
6. needs; am sending
7. is raining
8. is taking; practises
9. says; is not leaving
10. are rehearsing.
Exercise 3
Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present or present continuous tense :
1. Snakes (not make) holes. They (live) in the holes made by other creatures.
2. You cannot see Raman; he (have) a bath.
3. Kalpana usually (drink) tea, but today she (drink) coffee.
4. I (write) a book at a present moment.
5. Our teacher (speak) so quickly that most of the students (not understand) him.
6. In Tamil Nadu men usually (wear) lungis.
7. He (wear) a coat today as it is very cold.
8. I cannot answer the telephone because I (make) an omelette.
9. He always (buy) tickets but he never (win) anything.
10. You (love) her ? No, I (like) her manners but I (not love) her.
11. You (know) why water (boil) when we (heat) it ?
12. Who (make) so much noise in the next room ?
13. Irregular work (not bring) success.
14. The stars (shine) during the night.
15. Look! The two boys (fight).
Answers:
1. do not make; live
2. is having
3. drinks; is drinking
4. am writing
5. speaks; do not understand
6. wear
7. is wearing
8. am making
9. buys; wins
10. Do you love; like; do not love
11. Do you know; boils; heat
12. is making
13. does not bring
14. shine
15. are fighting.
III. The Present Perfect Tense
Form :
इस Tense से संबंधित वाक्य का जब हिंदी में अनुवाद किया जाता है तो वाक्य के अंत में चुका है, या लिया है, की आवाज आती है।
Simple Sentences – S + has/have + V3 + O
Negative Sentences – S + has/have + not + V3 + O
Interrogative Sentences – Has/Have + S + V3 + 0 + ?
He, she, it और singular noun के साथ has का प्रयोग होता है।
I, we, you, they और plural noun के साथ have का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे-
The Bell has gone.
I have learnt my lesson.
Have you returned the library books ?
Uses
(a) To express an action which has just been completed.
(किसी ऐसे कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए जो अभी-अभी पूर्ण हुआ है।)
Have you written a letter ?
Yes, I-have just completed it.
(b) To express an action which began in the past and has continued upto the present. For this use of the tense, for and since can be used to denote the length of time. For is used to show the length of time and since to show the point of time.
(किसी ऐसे कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए जो भूतकाल से चलकर वर्तमान समय तक जारी रहा हो। समय की अवधि कां वर्णन करने के लिए since और for का प्रयोग किया जाता है। For का प्रयोग समय की अवधि दर्शाने के लिए और Since का प्रयोग निश्चित समय-बिंदु को दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है।)
He has been a teacher since 1995.
I have known him for the last ten years.
(c) To express an action which happened in the past at an indefinite time. We either don’t know the time of its happening or we don’t mention it.
(भूतकाल में किसी अनिश्चित समय में घटित होने वाले कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए। हम कार्य के होने के समय के बारे में नहीं जानते और न ही उसका वर्णन करते हैं।)
I have seen the Taj Mahal.
I have met the author of this book.
(d) In the sentences having ‘yet’, negative sentences of this are formed.
(जिस वाक्य में yet लगा होता है उसमें इस tense के साथ not का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
The match has not started yet.
He has not come yet.
They have not visited us yet.
IV. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
पहचान : वाक्य के अंत में से रहा है, से रही है, से रहा हूँ, से रहे हैं, इत्यादि लगा होता है।
Simple Sentences – S + has/have + been + V1 + ing + O
Negative Sentences – S + has/have + not been + V1 + ing + O
Interrogative Sentences – Has/Have + S + been + V1 + ing + O + ?
I have been living here only for five years.
No, I have not been living here since long.
Have you been living here for a long time ?
Uses :
(a) To express an action which began in the past but is still continuing. Since and For are used to denote the length of time.
(किसी ऐसे कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए जो भूतकाल में किसी समय से आरंभ होकर अभी भी निरंतर रूप से चल)
It has been raining since morning.
We have been waiting for the rain to stop.
(b) To express an action, which has just finished, but whose effect or result still continues.
(किसी ऐसे कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए जो अभी-अभी पूरा हुआ है लेकिन उसका प्रभाव या परिणाम अभी भी जारी है।)
I am tired; I have been watering the plants since morning.
I am late because I have been washing my car.
Exercise 4
Put the verbs in the present perfect or present perfect continuous tense:
1. He (take) his meal and is playing in the garden now.
2. Please give me your pen. I (forget) mine at home.
3. I (ring) the bell for five minutes, but nobody (come) to answer.
4. This woman (visit) the shop five times, but so far she (not purchase) anything.
5. He is a famous player. He (play) football since he was ten years old.
6. I (wait) for you for the last one hour.
7. Mohan (live) in this town since 1985.
8. You cannot meet Rajesh. He (just go) out.
9. Geeta went to Delhi six months ago, but I (not hear) from her so far.
10. I (not see) the Taj Mahal but I am planning to visit Agra next week.
11. India and Pakistan (fight) three wars.
12. You cannot go out till you (complete) your home work.
13. I (help) him five times in the past, but he (not improve).
14. He already (write) five letters and is still writing.
15. My uncle just (arrive) from Kolkata.
Answers:
1. has taken
2. have forgotten
3. have been ringing; has come
4. has visited; has not purchased
5. has been playing
6. have been waiting
7. has been living
8. has just gone
9. have not heard
10. have not seen
11. have fought
12. have completed
13. have helped; but has not improved
14. has already written
15. has just arrived.
Exercise 5
Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense (simple present, present continuous, present perfect or present perfect continuous) :
1. He always (find) fault with others.
2. He (play) for two hours and still (not stop).
3. The burglars (try) to get into the house for two hours.
4. We (wait) for the school bus at the moment.
5. He generally (go) to college in a car, but today he (go) on a cycle.
6. Sugar (cost) thirty rupees a kilo.
7. I (not met) the minister so far but I (meet) him tomorrow.
8. There is no use of calling the doctor; the patient already (die).
9. He (work) in the bank since 1976.
10. No one besides the nurse (know) this secret.
11. He (wear) that coat for fifteen years and it (wear out) at the elbows.
12. I never (see) such a beautiful garden.
13. I shall not go to his house unless he (invite) me.
14. I hear that Ram Lai (go) to London.
15. I want to go to the theatre; I not (see) a good play for a long time.
Answers:
1. finds
2. has been playing; has still not stopped
3. have been trying
4. are waiting
5. goes; is going
6. costs
7. have not met; am meeting
8. has already died
9. has been working
10. knows
11. has been wearing; has worn out
12. have never seen
13. invites
14. has gone
15. have not seen.
(B)
I. The Simple Past Tense
Form:
इस Tense वाले वाक्यों का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर वाक्य के अंत में आ, ए, ई, की आवाज आती है।
Simple Sentences – S + V2 + O
Negative Sentences – S + did not + V1 + O
Interrogative Sentences – Did + S + V1 + O?
Mohan went to Agra.
Mohan did not go to Agra.
Did Mohan go to Agra?
Some other examples :
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
| I sang a song. | I did not sing a song. | Did I sing a song? |
| Anu sang a song. | Anu did not sing a song. | Did Anu sing a song? |
| They sang a song. | They did not sing a song. | Did they sing a song? |
| He sang a song. | He did not sing a song. | Did he sing a song? |
(a) To express an action completed in the past at a definite time.
(अतीत में निश्चित समय पर पूरे हुए कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए।)
Nehru died in 1964. (die)
I met Shyam yesterday, (meet)
I visited Lucknow four years ago. (visit)
She did not visit us last year, (visit)
इन वाक्यों में भूतकाल का वर्णन करने के लिए yesterday, last, ago और in + सन् (year) आदि शब्द लगे होते हैं।
(b) To express a past habit.
(अतीत की आदत को व्यक्त करने हेतु।)
My grandfather always went for a walk in the morning, (go)
He always carried an umbrella, (carry)
(c) To express an action which took place at a definite time in the past even though the time is not given.
(अतीत के उस कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो किसी निश्चित समय पर हुआ था चाहे उसका समय नहीं बताया गया।)
Kamal arrived ten minutes late and his officer rebuked him. (arrive)
I bought this suit at Connaught Place, (buy)
(d) To express some historical events.
(कुछ ऐतिहासिक घटनाओं का वर्णन करने के लिए, जैसे-)
Shahjahan built the Taj. (build)
Babar founded the Mughal Empire, (found)
Columbus discovered America, (discover)
Gandhiji span on the charkha daily, (spin)
(e) If one part of the sentence is in Past Continuous Tense.
(यदि वाक्य का एक भाग Past Continuous Tense में है।)
I was taking my lunch when he arrived, (arrive)
I saw that the two boys were fighting. (see)
(f) To express the condition of past.
(भूतकाल की शर्त का वर्णन करने के लिए if वाले वाक्यों में यदि एक भाग में would/should/could + Verb की 1st form लगी हो तो दूसरे भाग में Verb की IInd form का – प्रयोग करते हैं।)
He would pass if he worked hard, (work)
She would get a job if she applied for it. (apply)
(g) Connectors (neither, and, but, because, as) के साथ यदि एक भाग में Verb की IInd form लगी हो तो दूसरे भाग में भी Verb की IInd form का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Neither he came nor sent any message, (send)
He failed because he did not work hard, (fail)
He came in and saw everything with his own eyes, (see)
Exercise 6
Fill in the blanks with the simple Past Tense:
1. I was walking along the road when suddenly I ………….. (meet) an old lady.
2. My uncle just ………….. (arrive) from Kolkata.
3. I ………….. (tell) him that I was going to Pindara.
4. The old man was a beggar. He ………….. (beg) me to give him something.
5. “I have not eaten anything since morning,” the old man ………….. (say).
6. I ………….. (save) fifty hundred rupees last month.
7. I ………….. (feel) happy for helping an old and hungry man.
8. I returned from Pindara after one hour and ………….. (meet) the same old man again.
9. I recognised him but he ………….. (not recognise) me.
10. My servant ………….. (leave) me two weeks ago.
Answers:
1. I was walking along the road when suddenly I met (meet) an old lady.
2. My uncle just arrived (arrive) from Kolkata.
3. I told (tell) him that I was going to Pindara.
4. The old man was a beggar. He begged (beg) me to give him something.
5. “I have not eaten anything since morning,” the old man said (say).
6. I saved (save) fifty hundred rupees last month.
7. I felt (feel) happy for helping an old and hungry man.
8. I returned from Pindara after one hour and met (meet) the same old man again.
9. I recognised him but he did not recognise (not recognise) me.
10. My servant left (leave) me two weeks ago.
II. Past Continuous Tense
Form
वाक्य का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर वाक्य के अंत में रहा था, रही थी, रहे थे की आवाज आती है।
Simple Sentences – S + was/were + V) + ing + O
Negative Sentences – S + was/were + not + V, + ing + O
Interrogative Sentences – Was/Were + S + V] + ing + 0?
He was writing a letter.
He was not writing a letter.
Was he writing a letter?
Uses
(a) इस Tense का प्रयोग भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय पर किसी क्रिया के निरंतर रूप से जारी रहने के बारे में किया जाता है; जैसे,
The teacher found that the boys were making a noise.
When I visited his house, he was taking his bath.
(b) Past Continuous Tense के साथ मुख्य रूप से when या while के साथ Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग होता है।
Past Indefinite Tense में क्रिया पूर्ण हो जाती है और Past Continuous Tense में क्रिया चल रही होती है।
A car left me when I was crossing the road.
He fell down while he was trying to climb a tree.
Exercise 7
Fill in the blanks using Simple Past or Past Continuous Tense:
1. When the teacher came, the students …………. (make) a noise.
2. I …………. (not notice) that the teacher was standing behind me.
3. I did not see the teacher …………. (stand) behind me.
4. I …………. (take) my breakfast when the door bell rang.
5. The snake bit the boy while he …………. (try) to catch it.
6. Columbus …………. (discover) America.
7. A thief …………. (break) into our house last night.
8. He jumped off the train while it …………. (move).
9. She …………. (copy) from a paper when the teacher caught her red handed.
10. Who …………. (found) the Mughal Empire ?
Answers:
1. When the teacher came, the students were making (make) a noise.
2. I did not notice (not notice) that the teacher was standing behind me.
3. I did not see the teacher was standing (stand) behind me.
4. I was taking (take) my breakfast when the door bell rang.
5. The snake bit the boy while he was trying (try) to catch it.
6. Columbus discovered (discover) America.
7. A thief broke (break) into our house last night.
8. He jumped off the train while it was moving (move).
9. She was copying (copy) from a paper when the teacher caught her red handed.
10. Who founded (found) the Mughal Empire ?
III. Past Perfect Tense
Form
वाक्य का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर वाक्य के अंत में चुका था, चुके थे, चुकी थी की आवाज आती है।
Simple Sentences S + had + V3 + O
Negative Sentences S + had + not + V3 + O
Interrogative Sentences Had + S + V3 + O ?
Mohah had made a plan.
Mohan had not made a plan.
Had Mohan made a plan?
Some other examples :
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
| I had sung a song. | I had not sung a song. | Had I sung a song? |
| She had sung a song. | She had not sung a song. | Had she sung a song? |
| They had sung a song. | They had not sung a song. | Had they sung a song? |
| The boys had sung a song. | The boys had not sung a song. | Had the boys sung a song? |
Uses
(a) To express an action that has completed before the fixed time in past.
(किसी ऐसे कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो किसी दूसरे कार्य के आरंभ होने से पहले पूरा हो चुका था;)
जैसे-
The fire had burnt the huts before the fire brigade came, (bum)
The thief had run away before the police came, (run)
The patient had died before the doctor came, (die)
The train had left before we reached the station, (leave)
नोट-इन वाक्यों में कार्य के संपन्न होने का वर्णन करने के लिए before, after, already, by, till और until शब्द लगे होते हैं।
(b) To express an action that has completed before the beginning of second action. (किसी ऐसे कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो past के निश्चित समय से पहले पूरा हो गया था;) जैसे-
I had already done my work by 6 p.m. yesterday, (do)
He had not met me before, (not meet)
She had not reached Agra till yesterday, (not reach)
(c) To express an unfulfilled wish of the past. (अतीत की किसी अपूर्ण इच्छा को व्यक्त करने के लिए);
जैसे-
He wished that he had accepted the offer, (accept)
If only you had worked hard, (work)
(d) If in past happens more than one action, for former action past perfect is used.
(अगर past में एक से अधिक कार्य हुए हों तो पहले होने वाले कार्य के लिए Past Perfect का प्रयोग करते हैं);
जैसे-
I went home after I had finished the work, (finish)
He returned after he had seen off his wife at the station, (see)
(e) To express an impossible condition of the past.
(अतीत की असंभव शर्त को व्यक्त करने के लिए if वाले वाक्यों में); जैसे-
If he had walked carefully, he would not have fallen, (walk)
If you had worked hard, you would have passed, (work)
You would have caught the train if you had run faster, (run)
Exercise 8
Supply the correct Past Tense of the verb given in the brackets:
1. He told the doctor that his son just …………… (break) his leg.
2. The accident …………… (occur) at 6 o’clock this evening.
3. When I reached the house I …………… (find) that thieves …………… (break) into it.
4. I …………… (finish) my homework.
5. The thieves …………… (run) away before I reached the house.
6. If I …………… (have) a dictionary of my own, I would not bother you.
7. The thieves …………… (run) away before the police (arrive).
8. When I reached the cinema hall, the picture already …………… (begin).
9. I wish I …………… (work) harder.
10. If he …………… (walk) carefully, he would not have fallen.
Answers:
1. He told the doctor that his son just had just broken (break) his leg.
2. The accident occurred (occur) at 6 o’clock this evening.
3. When I reached the house I found (find) that thieves had broken (break) into it.
4. I had finished (finish) my homework.
5. The thieves had run away (run) away before I reached the house.
6. If I had (have) a dictionary of my own, I would not bother you.
7. The thieves had run away (run) away before the police arrived (arrive).
8. When I reached the cinema hall, the picture already had already begun (begin).
9. I wish I had worked (work) harder.
10. If he had walked. (walk) carefully, he would not have fallen.
IV. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Form
वाक्य का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर वाक्य के अंत में, से रहा था, से रही थी, से रहे थे की आवाज आती है।
Uses
(I) इस Tense से संबंधित वाक्यों में since/for के साथ वाक्य के एक भाग में verb की 2nd Form लगी होती है अर्थात् भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय तक कोई कार्य किसी समय से निरंतर रूप से चला आ रहा था।
Exercise 9
Fill in the blanks with correct forms of verbs given in the brackets:
1. She …………. (sleep) for half an hour w hen I w’ent to her house.
2. I …………. (study) for three hours when the lights off.
3. The maid …………. (cook) the vegetables for fifteen minutes when my mother came.
4. The earthquake …………. (occur) before we reached there.
5. The clouds …………. (gather) in the sky since morning when the storm came.
6. I …………. (wait) for him for an hour when I received this message.
7. It …………. (rain) heavily for a week and the dam was flooded.
8. When I saw her, she …………. (weep).
9. I …………. (prepare) for the test for the last two months, when I received your letter.
10. We …………. (go) for a walk after the rain had stopped.
Answers:
1. She had been sleeping (sleep) for half an hour w hen I w’ent to her house.
2. I had been studying (study) for three hours when the lights off.
3. The maid had been cooking (cook) the vegetables for fifteen minutes when my mother came.
4. The earthquake had occurred (occur) before we reached there.
5. The clouds had been gathering (gather) in the sky since morning when the storm came.
6. I had been waiting (wait) for him for an hour when I received this message.
7. It had been raining (rain) heavily for a week and the dam was flooded.
8. When I saw her, she was weeping (weep).
9. I had been preparing (prepare) for the test for the last two months, when I received your letter.
10. We went (go) for a walk after the rain had stopped.
(C)
I. The Simple Future Tense
Form
वाक्य का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर गा, गे, गी की आवाज़ आएगी।
Simple Sentences – S + will/shall + V, + O
Negative Sentences – S + will/shall + not + V] + O
Interrogative Sentences – Will/Shall + S + V, + O ?
Geeta will visit us next week.
Geeta will not visit us next week.
Will Geeta visit us next week?
Uses
(a) To show future. (भविष्य को दर्शाने के लिए)
की राय या
He will go to Mumbai next week.
(b) To express the speaker’s opinions or assumptions about the future. (भविष्य के बारे में वक्ता मत को व्यक्त करने के लिए)
I think he will not come back.
We hope that Mohan will get First Division.
(c) Sometimes, the simple future tense is used to express habitual actions or general truths.
(का प्रयोग कई बार आदत संबंधी कार्यों और सामान्य सच्चाइयों के लिए भी किया जाता है।)
He will always tell lies.
A dog’s tail will remain crooked.
(d) Generally, shall is used with first person (I, we) and will is used with 2nd and 3rd persons. But will can be used with 1st person in order to express intention or promise. Shall can be used with promise, prohibition, etc. etc.
(प्रायः I, we के बाद shall तथा अन्य Nouns/pronouns के साथ will का प्रयोग होता है, लेकिन धमकी देने या वचन देने के बदले I, we के बाद will तथा अन्य Nouns के साथ shall का प्रयोग होता है।)
I will always help you in your need (promise).
We will fight to the finish (determination).
You shall not enter my room with muddy feet (prohibition).
II. The Future Continuous Tense
Form
इस Tense के वाक्यों के अन्त में रहा होगा, रही होगी, रहे होंगे की आवाज आती है।
Simple Sentences S + will/shall + be + V, + ing + O
Negative Sentences S + will/shall + not + be + V| + ing + O
Interrogative Sentences Will/Shall + S + be + Vj + ing + O ?
She will be watching movie.
She will not be watching movie.
Will she be watching movie?
Uses
(a) To express an action which is expected to take place in the normal course. It is less definite than the present continuous.
(भविष्यकाल में सामान्य रूप से होने के कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए। यह Present Continuous से कम निश्चित होता है।)
We are seeing the manager tomorrow (definite arrangement).
We shall be seeing the manager tomorrow (less definite).
(b) To express an action that will be in progress at a given point of time in future :
(भविष्यकाल में किसी निश्चित समय पर कोई कार्य चल रहा होगा।)
When you reach Shimla, it will be snowing there.
At this time tomorrow, I shall be travelling in a train.
(c) In the interrogative, the Future Continuous implies a polite request or query.
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में Future Continuous बिना प्रार्थना को व्यक्त करता है।)
Will you be coming with me?
III. The Future Perfect Tense
Form
इस Tense के वाक्यों के अन्त में चुका होगा या लिया होगा इत्यादि की आवाज आती है।
Simple Sentences – S + will/shall + have + V3 + O
Negative Sentences – S + will/shall + not + have + V3 + O
Interrogative Sentences – Will/Shall + S + have + V3 + O ?
She will have done this work.
She will not have started the next work. She will have gone home.
Will she have started the next work also ?
Uses
(a) To express an action which is expected to be completed by a given future time.
(भविष्यकाल में किसी निश्चित समय से पहले किसी कार्य के पूर्ण होने का वर्णन करने के लिए)
By the time the doctor arrives, the patient will have died.
(b) To express the speaker’s belief or guess about an action.
(वक्ता के अनुमान का वर्णन करने के लिए)
Mohan will have reached Chandigarh by now.
You will have read about Alexander the Great.
IV. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Form
वाक्य के अन्त में से रहा होगा, से रही होगी, से रहे होंगे, की आवाज़ आती है।
Simple Sentences S + will/shall + have been + V j + ing + O
Negative Sentences S + will/shall + not + have been + V, + ing + O
Interrogative Sentences Will/Shall + S + have been + Vj + ing + O ?
She will have been waiting for you for two hours when you reach there.
She will not have been watering the plants.
Will the gardener have been watering the plants in the evening ?
Uses
This tense is used to express an action which began in the past, or will begin before a certain time in the future, will be continuing at that certain point of time and will continue even after that.
(भविष्यकाल में किसी point of time से पहले कार्य आरंभ होकर उस point of time के बाद तक भी जारी रहेगा।)
When you reach the ground, the match will have been going on for one hour. (The match will begin, one hour before you reach, will still be in progress at the time of your reaching there and will continue even after your arrival).
Exercise 10
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future form :
1. I wonder if I ………… (get) tickets in advance.
2. I ………… (know) the results in a week’s time.
3. This is February. Then the next month ………… (be) march.
4. Perhaps he ………… (arrive) in time for lunch.
5. At this time tomorrow, I ………… (travel) in a train.
6. By six p.m. tomorrow, I ………… (do) this work.
7. You ………… (open) the door, please ?
8. There is going to be a bus strike. Everyone ………… (look) for taxis and rickshaws next week.
9. I don’t like that man and I ………… (not help) him.
10. Mohan says that he ………… (not lend) me the book, because I never return the books.
Answers:
1. I wonder if I shall get (get) tickets in advance.
2. I shall know (know) the results in a week’s time.
3. This is February. Then the next month will be (be) march.
4. Perhaps he will arrive (arrive) in time for lunch.
5. At this time tomorrow, I shall be travelling (travel) in a train.
6. By six p.m. tomorrow, I shall have done (do) this work.
7. You will you open (open) the door, please ?
8. There is going to be a bus strike. Everyone will be looking (look) for taxis and rickshaws next week.
9. I don’t like that man and I will not help (not help) him.
10. Mohan says that he will not lend me (not lend) me the book, because I never return the books.
Exercise 11
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future form (Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous) :
1. If you walk fast, you ………… (catch) the train.
2. When you reach there he ………… (read) a book.
3. By evening I ………… (read) half the book.
4. By the end of this month I ………… (learn) driving for two months.
5. I ………… (return) your book tomorrow.
6. I ………… (finish) my work by 12 p.m.
7. You ………… (know) your result next week.
8. A number of tourists (arrive) Shimla next summer.
9. The train ………… (leave) by the time you reach the station.
10. As you sow, so you ………… (reap).
11. The gardener ………… (water) the plants before the sun rises.
12. The sun ………… (rise) before we reach the top.
13. I ………… (do) the washing tomorrow morning.
14. I ………… (buy) a shirt for you, if I go to market.
15. He ………… (be) sixteen next Monday.
Answers:
1. If you walk fast, you will catch (catch) the train.
2. When you reach there he will be reading (read) a book.
3. By evening I will have read (read) half the book.
4. By the end of this month I shall have been learning (learn) driving for two months.
5. I shall return (return) your book tomorrow.
6. I will finish (finish) my work by 12 p.m.
7. You shall know (know) your result next week.
8. A number of tourists will arrive (arrive) Shimla next summer.
9. The train will have left (leave) by the time you reach the station.
10. As you sow, so you shall you reap (reap).
11. The gardener will have watered (water) the plants before the sun rises.
12. The sun will have arisen (rise) before we reach the top.
13. I will do (do) the washing tomorrow morning.
14. I shall buy (buy) a shirt for you, if I go to market.
15. He will be (be) sixteen next Monday.
Exercise 12
Supply the correct tense forms of the verbs given in brackets:
1. I …………. (finish) my homework.
2. India …………. (get) independence in 1947.
3. It …………. (rain) since morning. .
4. He …………. (kill) a tiger before I reached the forest.
5. They …………. (live) here for many years.
6. The river …………. (overflow) its banks before the dam was built.
7. He …………. (stand) first in the class.
8. I …………. (like) to take tea daily.
9. I …………. (go) out for a walk daily.
10. It …………. (rain) when you reach home.
11. The police …………. (catch) the thief last night.
12. I …………. (not finish) my work yet.
Answers:
1. I have finished (finish) my homework.
2. India got (get) independence in 1947.
3. It has been raining (rain) since morning. .
4. He had killed (kill) a tiger before I reached the forest.
5. They lived (live) here for many years.
6. The river had overflown (overflow) its banks before the dam was built.
7. He stood (stand) first in the class.
8. I like (like) to take tea daily.
9. I go (go) out for a walk daily.
10. It will be raining (rain) when you reach home.
11. The police caught (catch) the thief last night.
12. I have not finished (not finish) my work yet.
Exercise 13
Supply the correct tense forms of the verbs given in brackets:
1. What you …………. (do) in the afternoon ?
2. You …………. (like) playing cricket ?
3. I …………. (live) here since 1958.
4. Curd …………. (cost) fifty rupees a litre.
5. My mother just …………. (arrive) from Kamal.
6. My sister …………. (write) a book at the present moment.
7. Why not two & two …………. (make) five ?
8. Kashmir …………. (call) heaven on the earth by people.
9. My friend recognized one but I …………. (not recognize) him.
10. Our school …………. (begin) with prayer everyday.
11. We …………. (do) our homework. Do not disturb us.
12. He …………. (buy) a new house last year.
Answers:
1. What you do you do (do) in the afternoon?
2. You Do you like (like) playing cricket ?
3. I have been living (live) here since 1958.
4. Curd costs (cost) fifty rupees a litre.
5. My mother just arrived (arrive) from Kamal.
6. My sister is writing (write) a book at the present moment.
7. Why not two & two do not two & two make (make) five?
8. Kashmir is called (call) heaven on the earth by people.
9. My friend recognized one but I did not recognize (not recognize) him.
10. Our school begins (begin) with prayer everyday.
11. We are doing (do) our homework. Do not disturb us.
12. He bought (buy) a new house last year.
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