Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Physics Solutions Chapter 7 Energy Management

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Physics Solutions Chapter 7 Energy Management

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Physics Solutions Chapter 7 Energy Management

Energy Management Textual Questions And Answers

Textbook Page No. 147

Sslc Physics Chapter 7 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
It is said that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; then how does energy crisis occur?
Answer:
When energy is transformed from one form to another, some part of it gets lost in other forms. Such a loss is the main cause for energy crisis.

Textbook Page No. 148

Energy Management Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
List down the different forms of energy you use for various purposes from the time you wake up till you reach your school.
Answer:

• Muscular energy – for different physical activities
• Chemical energy – for cooking
• Mechanical energy – for moving
• Sound energy – to call friends.

Sslc Physics Chapter 7 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
From which sources are you getting these forms of energy?
Answer:
From different sources like sun, fuels and power stations.

Textbook Page No. 149

Sslc Physics Chapter 7 Energy Management Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Complete the table 7.1

Physics Chapter 7 Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Take three papers of the same size. Keep one stretched. Crumble the next. Make the third paper wet using water. Burn each of them over a candle flame using pincers. Compare the burning of each.
Complete the table 7.2
.
Physics Chapter 7 Answer:

Textbook Page No. 150

 10th Physics Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Write down the situations/specialties for partial combustion.
Answer:

• Partial dryness
• Insufficient availability of O₂
• Lack of facilities for the removal of oxygen.

Sslc Physics Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
What are the drawbacks of partial combustion?
Answer:

• Fuel loss
• Wastage of time
• Economic loss
• Atmospheric pollution
• More smoke is produced
• CO₂, CO (carbon monoxide) are produced as byproducts.

Sslc Physics Textbook Solutions Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
What are the advantages of using smokeless choolahs at home? Note them down in the science diary.
Answer:
Makes home neat, lung disease can be reduced, does not affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Reduces wastage of time and fuel loss.

Class 10 Physics Kerala Syllabus  Question 9.
Visit a nearby pollution testing center, interact with the staff there and prepare a note on the permissible pollution rate.
Answer:
The carbon monoxide produced as a result of combustion of fuels causes environmental pollution. More carbon monoxide may be produced if the vehicles are not working properly. Smoke testing is conducted to know what quantity of carbon monoxide is present in the smoke coming out of vehicle.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Physics Question 10.
Which are the fuels that are used in vehicles and industries?
Answer:
Petrol, Diesel, LPG, CNG etc

 10th Physics Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
Tabulate the category to which these fuels belongs to.

Answer:

Textbook Page No. 151

Physics 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Which are the products obtained from fractional distillation of petroleum?
Answer:
Petrol (or gasoline), naptha, kerosene, diesel oil, lubricating oil, fuel oil, grease wax, and some residue.

Physics Class 10 Chapter 7 Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Which is the cooking gas that we get in cylinders for domestic use?
Answer:
LPG

10th Scert Physics Solutions Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
How will you know if there is leakage in a LPG cylinder?
Answer:
The smell of LPG is felt

Physics Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 15.
Never switch on or switch off electricity when there is a leakage of LPG Why?
Answer:
It is usually advised not to switch on or off any of the electric switches if you detect a gas leakage. It is because the fumes of gas are highly flammable and even smallest of sparks can ignite a huge fire.

Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Physics Solutions Question 16.
If there is a leakage of LPG does it rise up or come down in the atmosphere? Why?
Answer:
Another reason why care should be taken during storage is that LPG vapor is heavier than air, so any leakage will sink to the ground and accumulate in low lying areas and may be difficult to disperse. LPG expands rapidly when its temperature rises

Class 10 Physics Chapter 7 Kerala Syllabus Question 17.
If there is leakage of LPG it is mandatory to open the doors and windows. Why?
Answer:
Immediately open all the doors and windows to your house so that the gas can escape. Never open electrical fans or even an exhaust fan. Let the gas escape naturally. Once you do that, go outside the house and isolate the main electric supply. Be sure to evacuate yourself and others from the area.

Kerala Syllabus 10 Physics  Question 18.
What precautions are to be taken to avoid accidents due to LPG leakage? Discuss and record in the science diary.
Answer:

• Examine the rubber tube at regular intervals and ensure that it does not have a leakage.
• Turn on the knob of stove only after the regulator is turned on.
• Always buy LPG cylinders from authorized franchisees only
• Check that the cylinder has been delivered with the company seal and safety cap intact, do not accept the cylinder if the seal is broken.
• Please look for the due date of test, which is marked on the inner side of the cylinder stay plate and if this date is over, do not accept the cylinder
• Disconnect LPG regulator and affix safety cap on the cylinder when your gas stove is not in use for prolonged period.
• Always store the LPG cylinder in an upright position and away from other combustible and flammable materials.
• Check for gas leaks regularly by applying soap solution on cylinder joints and Surakshapipes.

Textbook Page No. 153

Physics Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 19.
If a gas leak is suspected or if the fire spreads on a cylinder, what else could be done? Think it over.
Answer:
If you are convinced that there is a gas leak, disconnect electricity from outside the home (switch off the main switches). Switch off the regulator and shift the cylinder to an empty space. Keep the windows and doors open. Request help from the Fire Force by calling in the toll-free number 108.

Well trained rescue operators can put out the fire by covering the top end of the cylinder with wet sack to prevent the contact with oxygen. If the fire is in flat or the top story, then one should not try to escape using lifts. Only staircase should be used. Cover the nose and the mouth with soft cloth to avoid the intake of smoke or gases.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Physics Notes Question 20.
Haven’t you seen bio-wastes dumped in public places? Don’t you experience a putrid smell, when you pass them by? Which are the gases responsible for this smell?
Answer:
Methane gas is responsible for the putrid smell.

Physics 10th Class Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 21.
Besides air pollution, what are the problems that may arise when garbage is heaped? Discuss and record.
Answer:

• Soil contamination
• Air contamination
• Water contamination
• Bad impact on human health
• Impact on animals and marine life.
• Disease-carrying pests
• Adversely affect the local economy
• Missed recycling opportunities.

Textbook Page No. 154

Question 22.
Some of you may be using LPG in your houses. What is the weight of the LPG filled in the cylinders supplied to your homes?
Answer:
14.2 kg

Question 23.
Using this quantity of LPG for how many days can you cook?
Answer:
This must be sufficient for a month.

Question 24.
How many days can you cook using firewood of the same weight?
Answer:
14.2 kg firewood would be sufficient for a few a days only.

Question 25.
What difference do you feel in the efficiency of these two fuels?
Answer:
The LPG with more calorific value has more fuel efficiency.

Textbook Page No. 155

Question 26.
Based on its calorific value, which fuel can be considered as the most efficient?
Answer:
Hydrogen

Question 27.
Which are the instances when hydrogen is used as fuel?
Answer:
Hydrogen used as fuel in rockets.

Question 28.
Why is hydrogen not used as a domestic fuel?
Answer:
The combustion rate is very high for hydrogen, the possibility of explosion is also more. And it is also difficult to store hydrogen.

Textbook Page No. 156

Question 29.
What is the energy conversion in a generator?
Answer:
Mechanical energy → Electrical energy

Question 30.
From where do we get energy required for the working of a generator?
Answer:
The mechanical energy required can be provided by engines operating on fuels such as diesel, petrol, natural gas, etc. or via renewable energy sources such as a wind turbine, water turbine, solar-powered turbine, etc

Question 31.
Power stations can be classified based on the nature of the source providing the energy required to operate the generator.
Answer:
Flowing water -Hydroelectric power station.
Nuclear energy – Nuclear power station
Coal – Thermal power station

Textbook Page No. 157

Question 32.
On the basis of notes and discussions, complete the table :

Answer:

Textbook Page No. 158

Question 33.
We get different forms of energy from the Sun. Attempts are underway now to utilize solar energy of its maximum. What are the devices used for this?
Answer:

• Solar panel
• Solar water heater
• Solar cooker
• Solar water heater
• Solar thermal power plant

Textbook Page No. 159

Question 34.
What is the energy transformation that takes place in a solar cell?
Answer:
In a solar panel light energy is converted into electrical energy.

Question 35.
There are certain situations in which a solar panel cannot be put to use. Which are they?
Answer:
When the sky is cloudy, during the rain and night time we can not use solar panels.

Question 36.
What are the situations where solar panel alone is depended on?
Answer:
In space stations, satellite, and in remote islands where there is no electricity, etc solar panels are used.

Question 37.
Take two conical flasks. Paint the outer surface of one with black paint and the other, with white paint. Fill both of them with water and expose them to direct sunlight for the same period of time. Which one gets heated first? What may be the reason?
Answer:
The conical flask which is painted black seems to be more hot when kept under the sun for an hour because the black body absorbs more heat and do not let it out from it. It is the property of black body to absorb heat and there is no chance of heat to escape.

Textbook Page .159

Question 38.
List down the specialties of a solar cooker by examing Fig. 7.7.

1. A box with blackened interior
2. A glass cover for the box
3. A mirror outside the each? What is the function of each?
Answer:
1. A box with blackened interior:
The black color of the vessel lets it to absorb more heat as dark colors absorb more heat.
2. A glass cover for the box:
The glass lid will allow the light and heat energy of the sun to come inside but the light energy will go out but the heat will be trapped inside the cooker to cook food.
3. A mirror outside the each?:
The plane mirror will reflect the maximum light of the Sun inside the cooker.

Question 39.
Find out the working of solar cookers other than the box type and record them in the science diary.
Answer:
Panel solar cookers are inexpensive solar cookers that use reflective panels to direct sunlight to a cooking pot that is enclosed in a clear plastic bag.

Textbook Page .160

Question 40.

Observe the figure. Discuss and record how hot water is formed in the tank of solar heater.
Answer:
Solar water heating (SWH) is the conversion of sunlight into heat for water heating using a solar thermal collector. A sun-facing collector heats a working fluid that passes into a storage system for later use. SWH are active (pumped) and passive (convection-driven). They use water only, or both water and a working fluid. They are heated directly or via light-concentrating mirrors. They operate independently or as hybrids with electric or gas heaters. In large- scale installations, mirrors may concentrate sunlight into a smaller collector.

Textbook Page .162

Question 41.
‘Ocean as a source of energy: its possibilities and limitations’ Prepare a seminar paper on this.
Answer:
Hints: Oceans cover 70 percent of the earth’s surface and represent an enormous amount of energy. Although currently under-utilized, Ocean energy is mostly exploited by just a few technologies: Wave, Tidal, Current Energy and Ocean Thermal Energy.
Limitations:

• Few limited sites/places where this wave, tidal or ocean thermal energy can be obtained.
• The cost of construction of plants is very; high
• The efficiency of producing energy is also low.

Question 42.
Why is it said that geothermal power plants are not possible in Kerala? Discuss and record.
Answer:
There are some minor environmental is-sues associated with geothermal power. Geothermal power plants can in extreme cases cause earthquakes. There are heavy upfront costs associated with both geothermal power plants and geothermal heating/cooling systems. Very location-specific (most resources are simply not cost-competitive). Some countries have been blessed with great resources – Iceland and Philippines meet nearly one-third of their electricity demand with geothermal energy. If geothermal energy is transported long distances by the means of hot water (not electricity), significant energy losses has to be taken into account. Geothermal power is only sustainable (renewable) if the reservoirs are properly managed.

Textbook Page .164

Question 43.
What are the different methods by which energy is produced from the nucleus?
Answer:
Nuclear fusion, nuclear fission.

Question 44.
Even if the matter converted is very small, the energy produced is very large. What is the reason?
Answer:
According to Einstein’s equation E = mc². The amount of energy produced is high, even though the transformed mass is very less. Here’ represents the converted mass, c is the speed of light (3 x 10⁸ m/s) and E is the amount of energy obtained.

Question 45.
What is the reason for an uncontrolled fission reation ending in an explosion?
Answer:
Nuclear fission is the process in which the nuclei of greater atomic mass are split into lighter nuclei using neutrons. The mass of nucleus produced in such a process is less than of its parent nuclei. Thus there will be loss of matter in fission process. The mass lost during fission converts into energy. The two or three neutrons produced during the process, bombards with other nucleus and fission process continue rapidly and ends in big explosion.

Textbook Page . 165

Question 46.
Complete the Table 7.5

Answer:

Textbook Page .166

Question 47.
Classify the energy from the follow-ing sources as green energy and bown energy. Solar cells, atomic reactors, tidal energy, hydroelectric power, diesel engines, windmills, thermal power stations.
Answer:

Question 48.
What must be done to ensure maximum utilization of green energy while constructing a house?
Answer:

• Sufficient sunlight should be available in the rooms during day time.
• Comfortable warmth, coolness and air circulation must be available without the help of electricity.
• Using the sun for heating through south facing windows during the winter lowers heating costs. Shading those same windows in summer lowers cooling costs.
• Grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) panels currently provide the most cost- effective form of renewable energy for a zero energy home.
• Fresh filtered air and moisture control are critical to its success. This need for ventilation has a silver lining:

Let Us Assess

Question 1.
In a way most of the important energy sources of today can be said to be solar. Which of the following does not belong to the solar energy?
a. fossil fuel
b. energy from the mind
c. nuclear energy
d. biomass
Answer:
Nuclear energy

Question 2.
Which of the following is a green energy?
a. coal
b. naptha
c. biogas
d.petroleum gas
Answer:
Biogas

Question 3.
Write down the advantages and limitations of solar cooker.
Answer:
Advantages:

• Eco-friendliness
• Maintain better air quality indoors, reduce carbon monoxide emissions
• Less expensive
• Don’t cause any environmental pollution

Limitation:

• Cooking with solar cookers obviously requires sunlight, which makes it difficult to use during winter months and on rainy days.
• Cooking also takes a significantly longer time compared to conventional methods.
• Solar cookers are not as efficient at retaining heat as conventional cooking devices. Factors such as wind,  rain, and snow can seriously hinder operation, and in such weather conditions, even after the food is cooked, it  will lose its warmth very quickly.

Question 4.
Kerala has a long coastal land. Still, ocean is not considered as a major source of energy. Why?
Answer:
In Kerala usually, waves are of low. So they have less energy. Also during tides Kerala sea coasts, the sea attitude does not increasingly rise.

Question 5.
The graph regarding the calorific value of certain fuels is given below. Analyze the graph and answer the following Questions.

a. Which fuel has the highest calorific value? Which has the lowest?
b. How many kilogram of dried cow- dung is to be burnt to obtain the same amount of heat produced when 1 kg of LPG burns?
c. From the graph find out the most suitable fuel for household pur-pose. Justify your answer.
Answer:
a. Highest – Hydrogen
Lowest – Cowdung (Dried)
b. Energy released when 1kg LPG bums = 54000 kJ.
Dried cow-dung is to be burnt to obtain the same amount of heat 54000 / 6000 = 9 kg
c. Biogas, because it is a renewable energy. Comparatively high calorific value.

Extended Activities

Question 1.
Find out the scope of hydrogen as a fuel with a high calorific value and prepare an essay.
Answer:
The amount of heat liberated by the complete combustion of 1kg of fuel is its calorific value. Hydrogen has high calorific value and also possess high combustion rate too. Hydrogen does not create much atmospheric pollution like other gases. Therefore seek method to combust it in moderate rates and use fuel cells.

Question 2.
Visit a hydroelectric power station and
try to understand different stages of the production of electricity. Make use of this principle and find out the scope of mini hydroelectric power project.
Answer:
There are only some primary expenses to build a hydrogen-electric power station. Hydroelectric power stations must be constructed only in areas of heavy rainfall and good streamflow. If these required conditions are satisfied, the production of electricity from such power station is very profitable one.

Question 3.
Visit a biogas plant and explore the possibility of establishing a community biogas plant in your region.
Answer:
Generally, the biomass required to construct a biogas plant may not be available from a single house and it is not profitable to construct separate biogas for each house. We know that the social cleanliness is equally important as personal cleanliness, due to several reasons, like.economic advantages, it is necessary to run a social biogas plant. And it will be useful to more people.

Question 4.
Write a short play to make the public aware of the need for making use of solar energy.
Answer:
Sun is the major source of energy available in earth, during photosynthesis the light energy is converted into chemical energy and is stored in plant cells. Since this plant reaches in animals as food, the stored energy reaches in animals too. The remainings of the animals hurried in earth transforms under high pressure and temperature and becomes fuels. Write drama using these hints.

Question 5.
Solar energy has an incredible future in the field of transportation. We are in its infant stage. Write an essay on the topic “Prospects of solar energy”.
Answer:
Solar energy is the ultimate energy source. All energy sources are related and connected with solar energy in one or the other way. Expand these points and complete the essay.

Question 6.
Find out the advantages and disadvantages of main energy sources and tabulate them.
Answer:

Question 7.
A nuclear reactor is about to be established in Kerala. What is your reaction to this proposal? Justify.
Answer:
Kerala is a highly populated state in India. Therefore there are not much vacant places available for the construction a nuclear reactors here. Since the radiations given out from such power plant are very harmful to human life, it may cause unpredictable effects. I strongly disagree with this opinion.

Question 8.
A man pointing at a car running on petrol says. “This car is running on solar energy”. Write down your responses about this matter.
Answer:
We use fossil fuels like petrol or diesel in cars. The plants which lived millions of year ago have also used solar energy for photosynthesis to make food. Humans and animals grew up by taking these plants and fruits. Then this humans and animals are burned in earth after their death and became fossil fuels. Fuels are formed out of them. This fuel is being used in cars so the ultimate source of energy here is the solar energy itself. The vehicles connected with solar panels uses solar energy in the direct form.

Energy Management Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the fast and complete combustion of a flat paper. Understand that combustion of a crumbled paper make more smoke.
a. List the conditions for the complete combustion.
b. Name the gases produced during complete combustion.
c. Name the gases produced during partial combustion.
d. How does the partial combustion causes environmental pollution?
e. How are the fossil fuels formed?
f. Why are they considered as non-renewable?
g. Write the full form of LNG and CNG
h. Which is the main constituent of LNG? What are the uses of CNG?
i. Name the main constituent of CNG.
Answer:
a. Conditions for complete combustion. Dryness, Fast evaporation, Materials should reach at a certain temperature that is required for combustion.
b. Carbon dioxide, Steam, Heat, and light.
c. Carbon monoxide, soot and a little of car-bondioxide.
d. Besides the fuel loss and time loss, the carbon monoxide produced during partial combustion
e. Fossil fuels are formed by the transformation of plants and animals that went under the earths crust millions of years ago. Eg: Coal, petroleum and natural gases.
f. They are not replenished or renewed in proportion to their consumption.
g. LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas CNG – Compressed Natural Gas
h. Methane. CNG is used as fuel in vehicles, thermal power stations.
i. Methane

Question 2.
1. Write the full form of LPG, what is its main constituent?
2. Why is ethyl mercaptan added to LPG?
3. Which element is the main component of coal?
4. Name the different types of coal?
5. Name the process by which the components of coal are separated?
6. Write the products obtained by the distillation of coal.
Answer:
1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Butane
2. To identify the leak of LPG.
3. Carbon
4. Peat, Lignite, Anthracite and Bituminous coal.
5. Distillation
6. Ammonia, Coal gas, Coal tar, and Coke.

Work Sheet:

Question 1.
Identify the relation and fill in the blanks
a. LPG: Butane
LNG ………….
b. LNG: Fuel in Vehicles
LPG …………..
Answer:
a. Methane
b. For domestic use.

Question 2.
Name the chemical used to identify the leakage of cooking gas.
Answer:
Ethyl mercaptan

Question 3.
Find the odd one out and explain the reason
(Peat, Anthracite, Bauxite, Lignite)
Answer:
Bauxite, Others are types of coal.

Question 3.
1. Is the heat produced by the combustion of different fuels the same? Discuss
2. What do you mean by fuel efficiency?
3. What is its unit?
4. List the qualities of a good fuel.
5. Compare biomass and biogas
6. Name the device that converts solar energy into electrical energy.
7. What is the reason for electric current in this device?
8. In a Solar Panel Solar energy is converted into electrical energy. What do you mean by a Solar panel?
9. Write down the situation where solar panels are used.
10. What is the energy change in a solar heater?
11. What is the difference between a solar voltaic power plant and solar thermal power plant?
Answer:
1. No, the heat produced by combustion of different fuels is not the same because their calorific value is not the same.
2. We use firewoods, kerosene, LPG etc in our homes as fuels. Each of them liberates different amounts of heat. This is indicated as fuel efficiency.
3. Kilo Joule/ Kilogram
4. Should be easily available Should be of low cost
Should cause minimum atmospheric pollution on combustion.
5. Biogas: Biogas refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic mater in the absence of oxygen. Biomass: The body parts of plants and animals are known as Biomass.
6. Solar panel
7. The flow of electrons from p – region to n – region.
8. A large number of solar cells are suitably assembled to form a solar panel.
9. In lighting street lamps, In artificial satellites
10. Solar energy to heat energy
11. Both photovoltaic and solar thermal are the two established solar power technologies. Photovoltaics use semi conductor technology to directly convert sunlight into electricity. Solar thermal works by using mirrors to concentrate sunlight.

Question 4.
Watch the animation video of nuclear fission and fusion
a. Which nuclear reaction happens in an atom bomb?
b. E=mc²
E = energy, then m = ………., c = ………….
c. What will you call the nuclear reaction in which small atoms combine?
d. Which nuclear reaction is carried out in stars?
e. What is energy change in a nuclear reactor?
f. Classify the given energy sources into conventional and non-conventional energy.
(Fossil fuels, Solar energy, Nuclear energy, Biomass, Hydro-Electric Power)
g. What will call the energy sources that lead to global warming?
h. What do you mean by green energy?
i. Why is it instructed to control the use of brown energy sources?
j. List the names of renewable energy sources.
k. Write down the causes an remedies of energy crisis.
Answer:
a. Nuclear Fission
b. m = mass, c = velocity of light
c. Nuclear fusion
d. Nuclear fusion
e. Nuclear energy to electical energy
f. Conventional energy sources – Fossil fuels, Biomass, Hydroelectric power Nonconventional energy sources – Solar energy, Nuclear energy
g. Brown energy
h. Green energy is the energy produced from natural sources which does not cause environmental pollution.
i. Brown energy are the sources which cause environmental problems including global warming, so it is essential to control the use of brown energy sources.
j. Solar energy, Wind energy, energy from biomass.
k. Judicious utilization of energy, Maximum utilization of energy Timely repairing of machines

Work Sheet

Question 1.
Classify the given energy sources into renewable and nonrenewable.
(Solar energy, Petroleum, Nuclear energy, Coal, Geothermal energy)
Answer:
Renewable energy resources – Solar energy, Geothermal energy, Coal

Question 2.
Identify the relation and fill in the blanks.
a. Hydrogen bomb: Nuclear fusion
Atom bomb: …………
b. Solar energy: Green energy
Nuclear energy: ……….
Answer:
a. Nuclear fission
b. Brown energy

Question 3.
Why green energy is called clean energy?
Answer:
Green energy is the energy produced from natural sources which does not cause environmental pollution. Hence it is known as clean energy.

Question 4.
What is the fuel used in a nuclear reactor?.
Answer:
Enriched Uranium

Energy Management SCERT Question Pool Questions and Answers

Question 5.
Though energy is available in many forms we depend mostly on electrical energy.
a. Write down two forms of energy, other than electrical energy, used in daily life.
b. Electrical energy is used much in daily life. Why?
c. Does increase in population and mechanization lead to energy crisis? How?
Answer:
a. Heat energy, Light energy.
b. Electrical energy can be easily converted into many other forms.
c. Small increase in population cause large increase in the use of energy consumption, mechanization will lead to excessive use of sources of energy and leads to energy crisis

Question 6.
The heat energy obtained on burning 2 kg of hydrogen, coal and petrol are given below:
Petrol – 9 × 107 J
Hydrogen- 3 × 10⁸ J
Coal – 6 × 10⁷ J
a. Which of these is the most efficient fuel?
b. How much is the calorific value of hydrogen?
c. Arrange these fuels in the ascending order of their calorific values.
d. Which of the above will you select as a good fuel? What is the basis of your selection?
Answer:
a. Hydrogen
b. 150000 kj/kg
c. Coal, petrol, hydrogen.
d. Petrol.
Easy to handle: less atmospheric pollution, Calorific value is high.

Question 7.
It is advisable to keep stirring heap of wastes while burning them.
a. Write down two essential situations for the complete burning of fuels.
b. How does the stirring help the combustion? Explain.
c. Write down two disadvantages, of partial combustion.
Answer:
a. To increase the availability of oxygen.
i. Increase the surface area exposed to air
ii. Make available the temperature needed for burning.
b. Sufficient oxygen is made available which increases the rate of combustion.
c. Partial combustion pollutes the air by giving excess of smoke, soot, carbon monoxide an carbon dioxide.

Question 8.
a. What is meant by nonrenewable sources of energy?
b. How did such fuels originate in nature?
c. Write down any two examples for it.
Answer:
a. sources that cannot be renewed.
b. The biowastes (bio residue) that went into the earth change into petroleum by undergoing chemical changes due to high temperature, in the absence of air.
c. Petrol, coal.

Question 9.
a. What are fuels? Write down the names of two fuels each from the various category of fuels.
b. How does the excessive use of fuels in-fluence global warming? Explain.
c. English the need for prohibiting diesel vehicles in our country in the context of environmental pollution.
Answer:
a. Fuels are substances that release large quantities of heat on burning; solid: logs: liquid: kerosene.
b. Excessive of fuels produce greenhouse gases which increase the temperature of atmosphere and cause global warming.
c. The amount of CO² and SO² released by diesel vehicles is very large. This accelerates global warming.

Question 10.
a. How does the biomass change into biogas in a biogas plant?
b. Of these which is the fuel that is advantageous?
c. What are the advantages of having community biogas plants?
Answer:
a. Biogas is formed in the biogas plants by the action of bacteria on biomass in the absence of oxygen.
b. Biogas has higher calorific value; environmental pollution is less.
c. Community biogas plants help in con-trolling environment pollution, centralised energy source minimizes expense.

Question 11.
a. On what basis are the sources of energy classified as green energy and brown energy?
b. Classify the following into green energy and brown energy Solar cell, nuclear reactor, tidal energy, hydroelectric, diesel engine, windmill, thermal power station
c. Give any two suggestions to use the green energy to the maximum level.
Answer:
a. Green energy – green energy is the energy produced from natural resources that do not cause environmental pollution Brown energy – Energy from petroleum, coal, etc., and nuclear energy.
b. Green energy: solar cell, tidal energy, electricity from water, windmill.
Brown energy: nuclear reactor, diesel engine, thermal power station.
c. i. Install biogas plants
ii. Use solar panels

Question 12.

The figure indicates the fission reaction of a heavy nucleus of Uranium.
a. Write down an activity to make energy available by using lighter nucleii.
b. Calculate the energy obtained if Ig matter changes into energy during nuclear fission reaction (c = 3 x 10⁸ m/s).
c. What will be the result if the reaction shown in the above figure continues?
d. Why are we establishing nuclear reactors despite of the realization that nuclear reactors are controlled nuclear bombs?
Answer:
a. Nuclear fusion
b. E = mc² m = lg

c. Continuous fission reaction ends in an explosion (atom bomb).
d. Energy crisis and industrial growth promote production of energy.

Question 13.
Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel on the earth.
a. How did the fossil fuels originate?
b. Which is the main constituent of coal?
c. What are the substances obtained when coal is allowed to undergo distillation in the absence of air?
d. How does the excessive use of fossil fuels cause global warming?
Answer:
a. Plants and animals that went under the earth many years ago changed into fossil fuels by undergoing changes under high pressure, high temperature, and absence of oxygen.
b. Carbon
c. Ammonia, coal gas, coaltar, coke
d. The greenhouse gases given out by the burning of fossil fuels increase the temperature of atmosphere and causes global warming

Question 14.
LNG and CNG are made from natural gases.
a. What is the advantage of LNG over CNG?
b. Compare LNG and CNG from the point of view of fuel efficiency.
Answer:
a. LNG – liquefied natural gases can be conveniently transported by liquefaction. Can be changed into gaseous state at the same temperature and can be distributed through pipes.

Question 15.
Hydrogen is a fuel with a high calorific value.
a. What is the limitation of hydrogen as a fuel?
b. Which is the substance added to hydro-gen to make a hydrogen fuel cell? ‘
Answer:
a. Hydrogen easily catches fire and has a high chance of explosion. It is difficult to store and transport.
b. Oxygen.

Energy Management Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions (Score 1)

Question 16.
Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
(Petroleum, Solar energy, Coal)
Answer:
Solar energy

Question 17.
What is the fuel used in a nuclear reactor?
Answer:
Enriched Uranium

Question 18.
Using the relation from the first pair, complete the other.
LNG – Methane
LPG –
Answer:
Butane

Question 19.
Write the full expansion of LPG.
Answer:
Liquified Petroleum Gas

Question 20.
Which nuclear reaction is carried out in stars?
Answer:
Nuclear Fusion

Question 21.
Which material is used along with hydro-gen to make Hydrogen fuel cells?
Answer:
Oxygen

Question 22.
Using the relation from the first pair, complete the other. Solar cell – Green energy Atomic reactor –
Answer:
Brown energy

Question 23.
Find the odd one in the group and write the reason.
[Coal gas, Coaltar, Butane, Coke]
Answer:
Butane. Others are those materials got from distillation of coal.

Question 24.
Which nuclear reaction takes place in an atom bomb?
a.Nuclear fission
b. Nuclear fusion
c. Radioactivity
d. Combustion
Answer:
a.Nuclear fission

Question 25.
Using the relation from the first pair, complete the other.
Atomic bomb – Nuclear fission
Hydrogen bomb – …………….
Answer:
Nuclear fusion

Short Answer Type Questions (Score 2)

Question 26.
What is meant by Biomass? Give examples for biomass.
Answer:
The body parts of plants and animals are known as biomass. Examples for biomass are Wood, Excreta, etc.

Question 27.
L.P.G is one of the common fuel for domestic use.
a. Which is the main constituent of LPG?
b. Write full form of LPG.
Answer:
a. Butane b. Liquified Petroleum Gas

Question 28.
Calorific value of Hydrogen is 1,50,000 kj / kg. What does it mean?
Answer:
The amount of heat liberated by the complete combustion of 1 kg of hydrogen is 1,50,000 kj/kg.

Question 29.
a. Write any two qualities of hydrogen as a fuel.
b. What is the limitation of hydrogen as a domestic fuel?
Answer:
a. High calorific value, High availability b. Hydrogen easily catches fire and has a high chance of explosion. It is difficult to store and transport.

Question 30.
Complete the flowchart.

Answer:
a. Methane
b. LNG

Short Answer Type Questions (Score 3)

Question 31.
Write down the remedies of energy crisis.
Answer:

• Judicious utilization of energy.
• Maximum utilization of solar energy
• Minimizing the wastage of water
• Making use of public transportation as far as possible
• Construction and beautifying of houses and roads in a scientific manner.
• Controlling of the street lamps with LDR.

Question 32.
Classify the following suitably.
Solar cell, Atomic reactor, Tidal energy, Hydroelectric power, Diesel engine, Thermal power station, Windmill, Biogas

Question 33.

Various situations which uses solar energy are given in the diagram. What are the advantages & disadvantages of solar energy list them
Answer:

Question 34.
a. What are fossil fuels?
b. Why it is called as fossil fuels?
Answer:
a. Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas
b. Fossil fuels are formed by the transformation of animals and plants that went under the earth millions of years ago.

Question 35.
High calorific value is one among the properties that a substance must possess to be considered as a good fuel.
a. What do you mean by calorific value?
b. What are the other properties a substance must have in order to be considered as a good fuel?
Answer:
a. The amount of heat liberated by the complete combustion of 1kg of fuel is its calorific value.
b. Low price, more availability, less atmospheric pollution, portability, and easiness to store, etc. are the properties of a good fuel.

Long Answer Type Questions (Score 4)

Question 36.
Firewood, Cowdung cake, Kerosene, Petrol, LPG, etc are fuels.
a. Which among these has high calorific value?
b. In which state it exists?
c. What are the qualities of a good fuel?
d. Complete the table.

Answer:
a. LPG
b. Gaseous state
c. Fuel with high calorific value is considered as good fuel
d. 1. Butane
2. Methane
3. Methane

Question 37.
A few news related to energy crisis are given below. State two reasons of energy crisis and write how we can overcome them.

Answer:
Reasons: Increase in population, Overexploitation of nonrenewable energy resources, Industrialisation, Urbanisation. Remedial measures:- Population control, Use of renewable energy sources, Industrialisation after finding required energy sources.

Question 38.
Choose the correct answer from the bracket
Fossil fuel, Hydrogen, electrical energy
methane, Butane, Petroleum, Solar panal
a. The most abundant element in sun is ………
b. A solar cell converts solar energy into ………..
c. ……….. is the main constituent of biogas.
d. ……….. provides the power required for artificial satellite.
Answer:
a. Hydrogen
b. Electrical energy
c. Methane
d. Solar panel

Question 39.
a. Among the energy sources identify which will give green energy.
Energy from fossil fuel. Nuclear energy, Solar energy, Energy from wind
b. What are the precautions to be taken for green energy in household buildings.
c. When fuels v are partially burned it can cause certain hazards. List out some.
Answer:
a. Solar energy, Energy from wind
b. Use solar panels, Use biogas plants.
c. Energy loss, Pollution

Question 40.
a. What are the properties that a good fuel must-have?
b. What is the full form of LNG? List out its characteristics.
Answer:
a. 1. Should be of low cost
2. Should be easily available
3. Should cause minimum atmospheric pollution on combustion.
b. Liquefied Natural gas. LNG is a natural gas that can be liquefied and transported to long distances conveniently. It can be again converted into gaseous format atmospheric temperature and distributed through pipelines.

Question 41.
a. What is the full form of LNG? List out its characteristics.
b. Compare Nuclear fission and Nuclear Fusion.
Answer:
a. Liquefied Natural gas. LNG is a natural gas that can be liquefied and transported to long distances conveniently. It can be again converted into gaseous form atmospheric temperature and distributed through pipelines.
b. Nuclear fusion: The process in which lighter nuclei are combined to form heavier ones. Nuclear Fission: The process by which the nuclei of greater mass are split into lighter nuclei, using neutrons. The mass of small nuclei is less than that of parent nucleus.