Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 9 The State and Political Science

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 9 The State and Political Science

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 9 The State and Political Science

Answer the following. Score 1 each

Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
The western Philosopher who coined the term ‘state’ for the first time.
Niccolo Maehiavelli
Socretes
Plato
Answer:
Niccolo Maehiavelli

Question 2.
The smallest country in the world
Vatican city
San Marino
Monaco
Answer:
Vatican city

Question 3.
The largest country in the world
Canada
Russia
USA
Answer:
Russia

Question 4.
The country constituted in 2011 after dividing Sudan
South Sudan
Tuvalu
Palau
Answer:
South Sudan

Question 5.
The 193^rd member of UNO
South Sudan
Switzerland
Palau
Answer:
South Sudan

Question 6.
Who is called the ‘Gandhi of Architecture’?
Laurie Baker
Nari Gandhi
Nandalal Bose
Answer:
Laurie Baker

Question 7.
Who is the ‘Father of Political Science’?
Aristotle
Plato
Rousseau
Answer:
Aristotle

Question 8.
Who is the author of the works ‘Ethics’, ‘Politics’?
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Answer:
Aristotle

Question 9.
The result of your political inactivity is that you will be ruled by people inferior to you. Whose words are these?
Plato
Rousseau
Aristotle
Answer:
Plato

Question 10.
The statement not related to sovereignty
Increases employment opportunities
Takes decisions on internal matters without external control
Takes independent decisions on international affairs without external control
Answer:
Increases employment opportunities

Question 11.
Which of the following is an obligatory function of the state?
Provide transport facilities
Protection of right
Provide educational facilities
Answer:
Protection of right

Question 12.
‘The state came into being as a result of a contract by the people’. To which theory of origin of state is this related?
Evolutionary theory
Power theory
Social contract theory
Answer:
Social contract theory

Question13.
Which of the following is not a political right?
Right to vote
Right to form associations
Right to leisure
Answer:
Right to leisure

Question 14.
Which is the first book to make a comprehensive analysis of state? Who was its author?
Answer:

• Politics
• Aristotle wrote it.

Question 15.
Point out the invisible and indivisible element of state.
Answer:
Sovereignty

Question 16.
The element of state that makes and executes laws and ensures justice to the people.
Answer:
Government

Question 17.
“The goal of state is the maximum happiness of the maximum number. ” Name the thinker who made this statement.
Answer:
Jeremy Bentham

Question 18.
A person who has the right to participate in the law making procedure and the implementation of law is called the citizen of the state. Which thinker made this statement?
Answer:
Aristotle

Question 19.
The right of the state to take decisions on all matters which come within its territory.
Answer:
Sovereignty

Question 20.
Political Science is the study of institutions like state and government. Whose words are these?
Answer:
Aristotle

Answer in a sentence each.

Question 1.
What is a state?
Answer:
A group of people residing permanently within a particular territory with a sovereign government is called state.

Question 2.
What are the problems due to excess or too much population?
Answer:

• Unemployment
• Pollution
• Poverty
• Shortage of water
• Famine

Question 3.
Which are the regions that fall under ‘territory’?
Answer:
Territory comprises of the land area, water bodies, aerial space and coastal area falling within boundary.

Question 4.
‘The goal of state is the maximum happiness of the maximum number’. Whose words are these?
Answer:
Jeremy Bentham

Question 5.
Which is the most acceptable theory regarding the origin of state?
Answer:
Evolutionary theory

Question 6.
Which are the different types of governments found in different countries of the world?
Answer:

1. Democracy
2. Monarchy
3. Military rule

Question 7.
Which are the two dimensions of sovereignty?
Answer:

1. Internal level
2. External level

Question 8.
Name the Greek philosophers who were of the opinion that ‘the primary duty of the state is to provide better life to its citizens’.
Answer:

• Plato
• Aristotle

Question 9.
Which are the important documents that record the citizenship of an individual?
Answer:

• Passport
• Birth Certificate

Question 10.
What is citizenship?
Answer:
Citizenship is the full and equal membership in a nation. Citizenship enables a person to enjoy political rights and civil rights.

Question 11.
Which are the two types of citizenship?
Answer:

1. Natural citizenship
2. Acquired citizenship

Question 12.
What is the definition given by Aristotle to political science?
Answer:
Political science is the study of political institutions like state and government.

Question 13.
Which is the most important constituent of a state that distinguishes it from other institutions?
Answer:
Sovereignty

Question 14.
From which term was the word ‘politics’ derived?
Answer:
The word politics was derived from the Greek term ‘polis’ which means ‘city state’.

Question 15.
Complete the chart showing the mutual relationship between citizen and state.

Answer the following. Score 2 each

Question 1.
Which are the basic factors of a state?
Answer:

• Population
• Territory
• Government
• Sovereignty

Question 2.
What are the obligatory functions of the state?
Answer:
Obligatory functions are those that the state has to implement at all times at any cost. State cannot abstain from its obligatory functions. The life and property of the people cannot be protected if the obligatory functions are not performed. Some of the obligatory functions of the state are maintenance of internal peace, protection of rights, protection of boundary, etc.

Question 3.
Which are the important theories on the origin of state?
Answer:

• Divine right theory
• Evolutionary theory
• Social contract theory
• Power theory

Question 4.
Write the peculiarities of the evolutionary theory of the origin of state.
Or
Which is the most acceptable theory on the origin of State? What idea does it convey?
Answer:

• The theory of evaluation is the most acceptable.
• State is the product of history.
• It was formed by social evolution.

Question 5.
Foreigners do not have all the rights that citizens enjoy. What are the rights available exclusively to citizens in India?
Answer:

• Right to contest in election
• Right to vote
• Right to criticise the government
• Right to hold public office

Question 6.
Who is a citizen according to Aristpotle?
Answer:
A person Who has the right to participate in the law making procedure and the implementation of law is called the citizen of a state.

Question 7.
Why is Aristotle regarded as the father of Political Science?
Or
Who is know as the father of Political Science? Why?
Answer:
According to the definition of Aristotle, Political Science is the study of institutions like state and government. Aristotle named his book ‘Politics’ dealing with political issues. It is the first book which makes a comprehensive analysis of the state. So Aristotle is regarded as the Father of Political Science.

Question 8.
Population is an indispensable factor of a state. How should the people function for the existence of the state?
Answer:
For the existence of a state, the people should live unitedly with mutual understanding, interdependence and common public interest.

Question 9.
Both too much and too less population are not beneficial to the state. Substantiate with example.
Answer:
Too much and too less population will adversely affect the development of a state. High population leads to unemployment, poverty, famine and environmental pollution. Eg. India. Very less population results in the scarcity of human resources needed for development. Eg. Canada which does not have the required population encourages migration.

Question 10.
State is permanent and government is temporary. Explain.
Answer:
State is permanent. State will exist as long as there is population, territory, government and sovereignty. But the government in any countiy is not permanent. Governments may change from time to time.

Question 11.
Explain the internal and external dimensions of sovereignty.
Or
The two dimensions of sovereignty are internal and external. Write the difference between them.
Answer:

1. Internal dimension :
   The right to take decisions on all matters which come within its territory.
2. External dimension :
   To right to take independent decisions on international issues.

Question 12.
State cannot abstain from its obligatory functions. Why?
Answer:
Obligatory functions are those that the state has to implement at any cost at all times. The life and property of the people cannot be protected if the obligatory functions are not performed.

Question 13.
Why are modem states called welfare states?
Answer:
Modern states undertake functions like education and health care facilities which provide better living conditions to people. Since the modem states undertake such progressive measures, they are called welfare states.

Question 14
Explain,
Citizen
Citizenship
Or
Who is called citizen in a state? By what name is the membership given by state to citizen known?
Answer:

• Citizen :
  A person who has the right to – participate in the law making procedure and the implementation of law.
• Citizenship:
  The membership given by state to citizen is known as citizenship. It is the full and equal membership in a nation.

Question 15.

What conclusion can you draw from the chart on j the relation between state and citizen?
Answer:

• Represents the mutual relationship between state and citizen.
• The state ensures certain rights to citizens, Citizens have certain duties to perform.

Question 16.
Differentiate between natural citizenship and acquired citizenship.
Answer:

• Citizenship by birth is natural citizenship. A person born in India to parents of Indian origin gets Indian citizenship. This is natural citizenship.
• The citizenship acquired by a person on the basis of the legal procedure of a nation is called acquired citizenship. It can be obtained only if the person has the eligibility as per the citizenship laws. Eg. A foreigner obtaining Indian citizenship.

Question 17.
Prepare a sun diagram showing the different branches of the study of Political Science.
Answer:

Question 18.
Why are modern states called nation states?
Answer:
Modem states are formed on the basis of a feeling of nationalism.

Question 19.
What is meant by sovereignty?
Answer:
The state has the right to take decisions on national and international issues independently. This supreme authority of state is called sovereignly.

Answer the following. Score 3 each

Question 1.
Write a note on the relationship between state and population.
Answer:
Population is an indispensable factor for the formation of state. There is no state without people. For the existence of a state, the people should live unitedly with mutual understanding, inter dependence and common public interest. However, the minimum and maximum number of people for a country are not fixed. Population which is too less or too much will adversely affect the development of a state.

Question 2.
‘There is no state without sovereignty’. Do you agree with this? Substantiate your view.
Answer:

I agree.

Sovereignty is the supreme authority of a state to take decisions, on national and international affairs independently without any external control. State cannot be constituted even if there is population, territory and government. Along with these, sovereignty should also be there for a state to be formed. It is the absolute, unlimited and indivisible power of the state.

Question 3.
What is the importance of territory in the formation of state?
Answer:

• State should have an exact territory with clearcut boundary.
• The state is formed when the people settle permanently in a particular territory.
• State should have complete control over its territory.
• The territorial size does not matter in the formation of a state. Territory with clearcut boundary is only required for state formation.
• Territory includes land area, water bodies, coastal areas and aerial space falling within the boundary.
• Territory is an essential factor for state formation.

Question 4.
Complete the flow chart on the theories of origin of state.

Answer:

Question 5.
Why is Kerala not treated as a country?
Answer:
Kerala has definite territory, population and government. But it lacks sovereignty. The government of Kerala does not have the power to take decisions on all internal as well as external matters. Hence Kerala cannot be considered as a country.

Question 6.
The field of study of Political Science is continuously expanding. Complete the sun diagram on the different branches of study of Political Science.

Answer:

Question 7.
Evolutionary theory is the most acceptable theory on the origin of state. Why?
Answer:
State is a the product of history. It was formed by social evolution. This theory tell us that state was formed as a result of several social circumstances and it reaches its present stage through the process of evolution. Hence evolutionary theory is the most acceptable theory on the origin of state.
State started as tribe, tribal administration and later developed as city state, empire state and feudal state and finally to the modem state.

Question 8.
What is the need or importance for the study of Political Science?
Or
What is Political Science? What is the importance of its study in the present day society?
Answer:
In a democratic system, the study of Political Science and politics are not to be kept apart. Plato said, “the result of your political in activity is that you will be ruled by people inferior to you”. This view point has great significance in democratic society. The merit of the society in which we live is based on how much we involve in the political process of that society. We need to logically analyse and creatively intervene in all public issues: Political Science helps you in this.

Question 9.
The field of study of Political Science is continuously expanding. Explain.
Answer:
Political Science is the study of institutions like state and government. At first Political Science took up the study of institutions like state and government and its functioning. With the emergence of democratic system, the concept of political participation also gained prominence. As a result, political processes also became a part of the study of Political Science along with political institutions. Thus the field of study of Political Science is continuously expanding.

Question 10.
Define Political Science. Point out the different branches of its study.
Answer:
Political Science is the study of institutions like state and government and its functioning. The concept of political participation also comes under it.

The different branches of Political Science:

• Political Theories
• International Politics
• Comparative Politics
• Public Administration

Question 11.
Explain with examples the discretionary powers of modern states.
Answer:
Discretionary powers of modem states are those which have to be implemented as per the economic condition of the state. Some of the discretionary powers of modem states are:

• Protection of health
• Provide educational facilities
• Implement welfare programmes
• Provide transportation facilities

Example:

• Setting up government hospitals to provide free medical care.
• Setting up government schools to provide free education.
• Providing social security measures to the weaker sections.

Question 12.
What is meant by obligatory functions of state? Give two examples of such functions.
Answer:
Obligatory functions:
Obligatory functions are those that the state has to implement at any cost at all times. State cannot abstain from its obligatory functions. If obligatory functions are not performed, the life and property of people cannot be protected. Some of the obligatory functions of the state are maintenance of internal peace, protection of rights, protection of boundary, etc.

Answer the following. Score 4 each

Question 1.
What are the common features of the people of India?
Answer:

• People of India belong to different religions.
• They speak different languages.
• They follow different customs and cultures.
• They have different dress habits.

Question 2.
What is government? What are the important responsibilities of government?
Answer:
Government is the agency which operates on behalf of the state. On behalf of the state, the government frames and executes laws and ensures justice to the people. It ensures the security of the citizens and provides many services to them.

Responsibilities of government

• Maintain law and order
• Increase employment opportunities
• Implement developmental projects
• Defence
• Lawmaking

Question 3.
Explain the features of sovereignty.
Or
Sovereignty makes a state different from other institutions. Based on this statement, answer the questions.
a. What is sovereignty?
b. How important is sovereignly for the existence of a state?
c. Which are the dimensions of sovereignty?
Answer:
a. Sovereignty is the supreme authority of the state to take decisions on national and international affairs without any external control.

b. State cannot be constituted just with population, territory and government. State can. come into existence only if there is sovereignty. It is the absolute, unlimited and indivisible power of the state.

c. Sovereignty has two dimensions – internal and external dimensions. Internal dimension of sovereignty means the right to take decisions on all matters which come within its territory. External dimension of sovereignty means the right to take independent decisions on international issues.

Question 4.
What are the obligatory and discretionary functions of state?
Answer:

Question 5.
Prepare a note on Laurie Baker.
Answer:

• Born in England in 1917 at Birmingham and came to India in 1945 as part of Leprosy Mission.
• Influenced by Gandhian principles.
• Demonstrated cost effective house construction in Kerala.
• Known as Gandhi in the field of architecture.

Question 6.
Explain the field of study of Political Science.
Answer:

• At first Political Science took up the study of institutions like state and government and its functioning.
• With the emergence of democratic system, the concept of political participation also gained prominence. As a result, political processes also became a part of the study of Political Science.
• All concepts related to political processes are included in the study of Political Science.
• The major branches of the study of Political Science today are Public Administration, Political Theories, Comparative Politics and International Politics.

Question 7.
Explain the theories on the origin of state.
Or
There are many theories which explain how state originated. Explain each.
Answer:

• Divine Right Theory:
  State is the creation of God. King is the representative of God. God chose the king to mle. The king is answerable only to God.
• Evolutionary Theory:
  State is a the product of history. It was formed by social evolution. State was formed as a result of several social circumstances and it reached its present form through the process of evolution. Evolutionary theory is the most acceptable theory on the origin of state.
• Social Contract Theory:
  State came into existence as a result of a contract by the people. State was constituted for the fulfillment of human needs.
• Power Theory :
  State came into existence as a result of the establishment of power by the strong over the weak.

Question 8.
Differentiate between obligatory junctions and discretionary functions of state.
Answer:
Obligatory functions:
Obligatory functions are those that the state has to implement at any cost at all times. State cannot abstain from its obligatory functions. If obligatory functions are not performed, the life and property of people cannot be protected. Some of the obligatory functions of the state are maintenance of internal peace, protection of rights, protection of boundary, etc.

Discretionary functions:
Discretionary functions of the state are those which have to be implemented as per the economic condition of the country. Some of the discretionary functions of the state.are to provide health care, education, transport facilities and to implement welfare schemes. The implementation of these functions will provide better living conditions to people.

In a welfare state, it is the duty of the state to undertake these progressive measures. It is not possible to fix a limit to the discretionaiy functions of the state. The growth of technology and the increase in human needs broaden the discretionary functions.

Question 9.
List some of the discretionary functions of the state.
Answer:

• Implement welfare programmes
• Provide educational facilities
• Protection of health
• Ensure the availability of fresh drinking water.

Question 10.
Which are the political rights enjoyed by a citizen?
Or
What are the rights one gets through citizenship?
Answer:

• Right to vote and contest in election
• Right to form associations
• Right to hold public office
• Right to crticise the government

Question 11.
What are the contributions of Aristotle to Political Science?
Answer:

• Aristotle defined Political Science as the study of state and government.
• Aristotle gave the name ‘Politics’ to his book dealing with political issues. This is the first book which makes a comprehensive analysis of state.
• Aristotle’s political insights are discussed in his works ‘Ethics’ and ‘Politics’.
• Due to his contributions to Political Science, Aristotle is regarded as the father of Political Science.

Question 12.
Providing health care and educational facilities are discretionary functions of a government. How do you respond to this? What is meant by discretionary powers?
Answer:

• Development of human resource is the major objective of modem state. Health care and educational facilities are essential for human resource development. So these should be included as obligatory functions.
• Discretionary functions are those that have to be implemented as per the economic condition of a state.

Question 13.
Indira Gandhi and Mother Teresa were persons having Indian citizenship. Did they have the same type of citizenship? If not, what is the difference between their citizenships?
Answer:

• Indira Gandhi had natural citizenship.
• Mother Teresa had acquired citizenship.
• Citizenship by birth is natural citizenship.
• Citizenship acquired through legal procedure is acquired citizenship.

Answer the following. Score ‘5’‘6’ each

Question 1.
Explain the mutual relationship between rights and duties of citizens.
Or
Rights and duties are the two sides of the same coin. Explain.
Answer:
Citizenship is the full and equal membership in a nation. It is the special status or recognition given by the country to an individual. The basis of citizenship is the relation between state and individual. Citizenship enables an individual to enjoy political rights and civil rights. The concept of citizenship gained importance with the emergence of democracy.

The participation of citizen in democratic administration is ensured through political rights. Only the citizens can enjoy political rights of a nation, the political rights of a citizen are the right to vote, the right to contest in election, the right to form associations, and the right to criticise the government.

As the state guarantees rights to a citizen, he has to fulfill certain duties towards the state also. A citizen gets his rights from the society. Hence he has certain responsibilities to the society. A citizen can enjoy his rights only if he discharges some duties to the state. As he enjoys his rights, he has a duty to respect the rights of others also. So rights and duties are the two sides of a same coin.

Question 2.
Describe the essential elements or components for the formation of state.
Answer:
A group of people, residing permanently within a particular territory with a sovereign govt, is called state. Statehood is the Highest stage in social evolution.
The essential components for state formation are

• Population
• Territory
• Government
• Sovereignty

Population:
Population is an indispensable factor for state formation. People should live unitedly with mutual understanding, inter dependence and common public interest for the existence of the state. There is no state without people. However, the minimum and maximum number of people for a country are not fixed. Both too much population and too less population are not beneficial to the country.

The people of a nation need not belong to any single religion, speak any particular language or follow a particular culture. But they should live unitedly with common nationalism.

Territory:
Territory is an important factor of state formation. A state should have an exact territory with clearcut boundary. State is formed when people settle in the definite territory permanently. State should have complete control over its territory. The territory of a state includes the land area, water bodies, aerial space and coastal area coming within its boundary. The size of the territory does not matter in state formation. But territory with a clearcut boundary is enough.

Government:
Government is an unavoidable constituent of state. The government frames and executes laws and ensures justice to the people on behalf of the state.
It ensures the safety and security of the citizens and provides many service to them. The government undertakes activities like maintenance of law and order, increasing employment opportunities and implementing development projects on behalf of the state. There should be governments in all states.

Sovereignty:
State has the right to take decisions on national and international matters independently without external control. This supreme authority of the state is known as sovereignty. Sovereignty differentiates state from other institutions. State cannot be constituted even if there is population, territory and government. State can come into existence only if there is sovereignty. It is the absolute, unlimited and indivisible power of the state.

Sovereignty has two dimensions – internal or domestic dimension and external dimension. Internal dimension means the right to take decisions on all matters within its territorial limit. External dimension means the right to take independent decisions on international issues.

Question 3.
What are the functions of a state? Explain.
Answer:
In the opinion of the famous western thinker Jeremy Bentham, ‘the goal of state is the maximum happiness of the maximum number.’ Common good or people’s welfare is the function of all states. In the opinion of Greek thinkers Plato and Aristotle, the primary duty of a state is to provide better life to its citizens.

States have numerous functions in modem times. The functions of a state can be divided as obligatory functions and discretionary functions.

Obligatory functions:
Obligatory functions are those that the state has to implement at all times at any cost. State cannot abstain from its obligatory functions. If obligatory functions are not performed, the life and property of people cannot be protected. Some of the obligatory functions of the state are maintenance of internal peace, protection of rights, protection of boundary, etc.

Discretionary functions:
Discretionary functions of the state are those which have to be implemented depending on the economic condition of the country. Some of the discretionary functions of the state are to provide health care, education, transport facilities and to implement welfare schemes. The implementation of these functions will ensure better living condition to people.

In a welfare state, it is the duty of the state to undertake these progressive measures. It is not possible to fix a limit to the discretionary functions of the state. The growth of technology and the increase in human needs broaden the discretionary functions.

Question 4.
Arrange the items related to column A from column B

Answer: