Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 1 Sun: The Ultimate Source
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 1 Sun: The Ultimate Source
Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 1 Sun: The Ultimate Source
Society and Economy in Medieval India Textual Questions and Answers
Sun The Ultimate Source Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Look at the above maps showing the atmospheric temperatures of a few cities in India.
i) Is the temperature the same at different places on the same day?
ii) Is the temperature experienced at a particular place the same in all seasons?
Answer:
i) The temperature is not the same at different places on the same day.
ii) The temperature at a place will be different in summer season and winter season. It can be seen from the above figures. Figure A shows winter season and figure B shows summer season in India. Thus at a place temperature in different in both the seasons.
Class 9 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Some gases present in the atmosphere can absorb terrestrial radiation. Which are those gases? What is the consequence of such absorption?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone are the gases that can absorb terrestrial radiation. The atmosphere is heated by terrestrial radiation.
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Question 3.
Terrestrial radiation occurs mostly at night. Why?
Answer:
The sun rays coming from the sun to the earth is insolation. It can take place only in the day time. The surface of the earth is heated by the process of terrestrial radiation and this heat is transferred to the atmosphere. This transfer takes place mostly at night.
9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
What is the difference between insolation and terrestrial radiation?
Answer:
The earth receives energy from the sun. The incom¬ing solar radiation is called insolation. The sun’s rays reach the earth as short waves. They do not heat the atmosphere directly. Heat is transferred from the surface of the earth to the outer space in the form of long waves. This process is terrestrial radiation. The atmosphere is heated by this process.
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Question 5.
Discuss why are the maximum and minimum temperatures being recorded at 2 pm and just before sunrise respectively?
Answer:
The maximum intensity of the sun’s rays is at 12 noon. But the maximum temperature of the atmosphere is felt at about 2 in the afternoon because it takes about two hours to heat the atmosphere by the terrestrial radiation. That is why the maximum temperature of the day is recorded at 2 in the afternoon.
Similarly, the atmospheric temperature decreases very slowly. It is only after 4 in the morning that the atmospheric temperature falls. The minimum temperature of a day is recorded at 5 in the morning (just before sunrise).
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Which instrument is used to measure temperature?
Answer:
Thermometer
9th Std Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Calculate diurnal range and daily mean temperature of the places shown in the picture.
Answer:
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 8.
How is sunlight distributed in temperate and frigid zones?
Answer:
The regions between the tropic of cancer and arctic circle in the northern hemisphere and tropic of Capricorn and antarctic circles in southern hemisphere are the temperate zones. Slanting sunrays fall on temperate zones. So less heat is experienced here. The summer is warm, mild and comfortable but the winter is severe.
The regions between the arctic circle and north pole and antarctic circle and south pole are the frigid zones. Here the sun’s rays are very much inclined and so, the heat received by this region is comparatively very low.
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 9.
The temperature in the atmosphere decreases approximately at the rate of 1°C per 165 m of altitude. What is this process called?
Answer:
Normal Lapse Rate
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Notes Question 10.
The temperature experience in places like Idukki and Wayanad is much lower than that of the neighboring districts Ernakulam and Kozhikode respectively. Why?
Answer:
- Idukki and Wayanad are located in the Western Ghat Zone.
- Temperature decreases with height.
- As these regions have high altitude, the temperature there is very low.
- Ernakulam and Kochi are located in a low altitude.
- So these districts experience more temperatures.
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science English Medium Question 11.
Generally, Kerala experiences moderate temperature. Why?
Answer:
It can be inferred that the range of temperatures will be higher at places away from the sea and vice versa. Temperature remains moderate at places close to the sea. This is because the heating of land causes wind to blow from sea to land and cooling of land causes wind to blow from land to sea. Since Kerala in located near to sea, the state experiences moderate temperatures.
Social Science Notes Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Explain the influence of winds in regulating the temperature of a region.
Answer:
The winds influence the temperature of a place. While the hot winds raise the temperature of a place and the cold winds reduce the temperature.
Std 9 Geography Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Observe the above figure. The smooth curved lines represent the temperature recorded at different places throughout the earth’s surface. What are these lines called?
Answer:
Isotherms
Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Isotherms in the southern hemisphere are almost parallel to the Equator compared to those in the northern hemisphere. Why?
Answer;
During summer, high temperature prevails over the land compared to the sea and during winter, the condition is reversed. The bending of isotherms is due to the differential heating of land and water.
9th Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
In the weather maps for summer and winter, the iso-therms behave differently. Why?
Answer:
During summer, high temperature prevails over the land compared to the sea and in winter, low temperature is experienced. The bending of isotherms is due to the differential heating of land and water. Inland areas during summer the isotherms bend facing the poles, and in the oceanic region, isotherms bend facing the equator. During winter the condition is reversed.
9th History Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
What is the role of temperature in bringing water con-tent to the atmosphere?
Answer:
- Evaporation is the process that brings water content to the atmosphere. Temperature affects the rate of evaporation.
- Evaporation is high when temperature is high.
Question 17.
Is humidity uniform at all places?
Answer:
No, humidity is not uniform at all places. Humidity varies not only with place, but also with time.
Question 18.
Can you suggest a suitable experiment to demon demonstrate the condensation process?
Answer:
Take a steel glass. Fill it with lime juice. Add an ice cube and stir the glass gently. Continue the process. After some time, drops of water begin to form on the side of the glass. Water drops appear on the cold side (outside) of the glass due to the process of condensation.
Question 19.
Dew disappears as the sun rises. Why?
Answer:
Dew is the Atmospheric vapor condensing in small drops on cool surfaces at night. When the sun rises the atmospheric temperature increases and the waterdrops in the form of dew become moisture.
Question 20.
Observe the sky and try to identify the different types of clouds.
Answer:
When we observe the sky, we can identify 4 types of clouds. They are
- Cirrus clouds
- Stratus clouds
- Cumulus clouds
- Nimbus clouds
Question 21.
Which form of precipitation is most familiar to you?
Answer:
Most familiar and common form of precipitation is water drops. This is the rainfall.
Question 22.
When Kerala receives southwest monsoon rainfall the western parts of Tamil Nadu remain dry. Why?
Answer:
- South West Monsoon rainfall is an example to orographic rain.
- Kerala is located in the western part of the West- em Ghat.
- Kerala lies in the windward side of the mountain.
- So Kerala receives good rainfall.
- This is orographic rainfall
- After shedding rains on the windward side, the dry wind then reaches on the leeward side, which fail to give rain in this area. It is a rain-shadow region.
- Tamil Nadu lies in the rain shadow region. When Kerala receives rain, Tamil Nadu does not get rain.
Question 23.
Due to high-temperature air gets heated and rises up. What is this process of heat transfer called?
Answer:
Convection
Sun: The Ultimate Source Model Questions and Answers
Question 24.
What is meant by insolation?
Answer:
Solar energy reaches earth in the form of short waves. This is termed as insolation.
Question 25.
The given diagrams indicate the processes of heat transfer in the atmosphere. Analyse the diagrams and write a note.
Answer:
Heat transfer in the atmosphere takes place due to four processes:
Conduction – The sun’s rays reach the earth as short waves. The incoming solar radiation is called as insolation. Insolation does not heat the atmosphere directly as it passes through. The earth’s surface gets heated due to insolation. This heat is transferred to the part of the atmosphere close to the hot surface of the earth.
Convection- Heated air expands and rises up. Cold air in the upper part of the atmosphere comes down, gets heated and rises up again. This circular process heats the atmosphere.
Advection – It is the horizontal transfer of heat through wind. Hot wind that blows to a region increases the temperature in that region. Similarly, cold wind that blows to a region reduces the temperature in that region.
Terrestrial Radiation- The re-radiation of energy from the surface of the earth back to the outer space in the form of long waves is called terrestrial radiation.
Question 26.
Define heat budget.
Answer:
The balance between insolation and terrestrial radiation is called heat budget.
Question 27.
Write the terms:
(i) Maximum temperature – Minimum temperature
Answer:
(i)Diurnal range temperature
(ii) Daily mean temperature
Question 28.
Based on the picture given above, complete the table given below. Supposing the amount of insolation as 100 units.
| What does the picture show? | a |
| Amount of energy reflected by the atmospheric particles and earth’s surface | b |
| Energy reaching the earth’s surface | c |
| Energy held by the atmosphere | d |
| Direct terrestrial radiation | e |
| Radiation from the atmosphere | f |
| Total energy received by the atmosphere and surface of the earth | g |
| Total energy radiated back from the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. | h |
Answer:
a) Heat Budget
b) 35 units
c) 51 units
d) 14 units
e) 17 units
f) 48 units
g) 65 units
h) 65 units
Question 29.
What do you mean by thermal equator?
Answer:
If isotherms are plotted by connecting the places having the highest temperature on earth it will run almost parallel to the equator. Such an imaginary line is called thermal equator.
Question 30
What would happen if there was no heat balancing process?
Answer:
Through the heat balancing process, the surface temperature of the earth is kept balanced. The highest heat in the day and the highest cold at night would . have experienced if there was no heat balancing process. Flora and fauna on earth could not have existed.
Question 31.
Is the presence of water content the same in all regions in the atmosphere?
Answer:
- Water content is greater in the atmosphere near the coastal areas where the temperature is high.
- The reason is the high rate of evaporation.
- In the atmosphere over the deserts, there is very little water content. It is because only very little water is available there.
- The drier the air, the greater is the rate of evaporation.
Question 32.
Point out the atmospheric phenomena taken place due to fluctuations in atmospheric temperature.
Answer:
- Pressure
- Cloud
- Wind
- Precipitation
Question 33.
What is humidity?
Answer:
Water content in the atmosphere is called humidity.
Question 34.
Prepare a note on the working of the maximum-mini-mum thermometer.
Answer:
- The maximum-minimum thermometer is the instrument for measuring the maximum and minimum temperature in a day.
- Here the two thermometers are connected using a U – shaped glass tube.
- The mercury-filled in the maximum thermometer expands with rise in temperature and pushes up the metal indicator.
- The indicator remains at the position showing the maximum temperature of the day.
- According to the position of the indicator the maximum temperature can be read at any time during a day.
- The minimum thermometer has alcohol-filled above the indicator.
- When the temperature falls the indicator is pushed up as the alcohol contract.
- The minimum temperature can bread from the position of the indicator at any time.
Question 35.
What is the difference between Absolute Humidity and Relative Humidity?
Answer:
The actual amount of water present in the atmosphere is called absolute humidity. It is measured as the amount of water vapor present per cubic meter volume of air (g/m3).
Question 36.
Define in solution
Answer:
The earth receives energy from the sun. The incoming solar radiation is called insolation.
Question 37.
Relative humidity is measured by using
a) thermometer
b) seismograph
c) wet and dry bulb thermometer
Answer:
c) wet and dry bulb thermometer
Question 38.
Identify different forms of condensation
Answer:
- Dew
- Mist/fog
- Frost
- Cloud
Question 39.
Clouds can be classified according to their and ………..
Answer:
form and height
Question 40.
Clouds are classified into four types. Name them.
Answer:
- Cirrus clouds
- Stratus clouds
- Cumulus clouds
- Nimbus clouds
Question 41.
Rewrite the items given in column B to suit the items in column A.
| A | B |
| Isotherms | Horizontal transfer of heat through wind |
| Insolation | Rays in the form of long waves |
| Advection | Lines that join places of equal atmospheric temperature |
| Terrestrial | Rays in the form of short waves |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Isotherms | Lines that join places of equal atmospheric temperature |
| Insolation | Rays in the form of long waves |
| Advection | Horizontal transfer of heat through wind |
| Terrestrial | Rays in the form of short waves |
Question 42.
Name the following clouds
i) feather-like clouds
ii) dark rain clouds
iii) combination of cumulus and nimbus clouds
Answer:
i) Cirrus clouds
ii) Nimbus clouds
iii) Cumulo-nimbus clouds
Question 43.
Name 3 forms of precipitation
Answer:
- Rainfall
- Snowfall
- Hailstones
Question 44.
Distinguish between snowfall and hailstones.
Answer:
When the temperature falls below 0° Celsius, precipitation reaches the earth in the form of tiny crystals of ice. This is snowfall. If the water droplets released from the clouds happen to passthrough colder layers of the atmosphere, they may reach the earth in the form of ice pellets. This form of precipitation is called hailstones.
Question 45.
Which are the different types of rainfall?
Answer:
- Orographic rain
- Convectional rain
- Border rain
Let Us Assess
Question 46.
Explain how latitudinal location influences the distribution of temperature on earth.
Answer:
- As the shape of the earth is round all places on the earth do not get the same amount of solar energy.
- The places in between the tropic of cancer and tropic of Capricorn get vertical rays of the sun.
- The temperature will be high in this region.
- The places in between the tropic of cancer and arctic circle in northern hemisphere and tropic of Capricorn and antarctic circle in southern hemisphere get slanting rays.
- So the temperature will not be high.
- The places in between the arctic circle and north pole and antarctic circle and south pole get very much inclined rays of the sun.
- So these regions experience very low temperatures.
Question 47.
The isotherms in the northern hemisphere are more curved while those in the southern hemisphere are almost parallel to the Equator. Why?
Answer:
- There are both continents and oceans in the northern hemisphere. There exists difference in the heating of land and water. Compared to the oceans, the land area becomes hot soon. So the isotherms in the northern hemisphere are more curved.
- Oceans constitute the most part of the southern hemisphere. Land area is very small there.
- So the isotherms in the southern hemisphere are almost parallel to the Equator.
Question 48.
Suppose the relative humidity is 100%. Write your inferences regarding the atmospheric condition.
Answer:
If the relative humidity is 100%, the condensation process begins and cloud formation takes place. When the number and size of water droplets increase in the cloud, they cannot remain in the air. So they fall on the earth. It is called precipitation.
Question 49.
Differentiate between
a) Dew and frost
b) Fog and mist
Answer:
The land absorbs heat during the day, and at night the land becomes cold soon. The result is that the cooled air deposits its moisture on the surface of objects which come into contact with it. This deposit of water is called dew.
Frost: There are places on the earth where the night temperature falls below 0° Celsius. Tiny ice crystals are formed in such places. This form of condensation is called frost.
Fog and mist:
Fog or mist is the result of condensation around the minute dust. Particles in the lower atmosphere. If the range of visibility is less than one kilometer, it is termed fog. If the rate of visibility is more than one kilometer, it is called mist.
Question 50.
Illustrate the concept of orographic rainfall with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
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