MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 14 गुणनखंडन Ex 14.2
MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 14 गुणनखंडन Ex 14.2
MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 14 गुणनखंडन Ex 14.2
प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित व्यंजकों के गुणनखण्ड कीजिए –
- a2 + 8a + 16
- p2 – 10p + 25
- 25m2 + 30m + 9
- 49y2 + 84yz + 36z2
- 4x2 – 8x + 4
- 121b2 – 88bc + 16c2
- (l + m)2 – 4lm
- a4 + 2a2b2 + b4
हल:
1. a2 + 8a + 16 = (a)2 + 2 x a x 4 + (4)2
[∴ a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2]
= (a + 4)2
2. p2 – 10p + 25 = (p)2 – 2 x p x 5 + (5)2
[∴ a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)]
= (p – 5)2
3. 25m2 + 30m + 9 = (5m)2 + 2 x 5m x 3 + (3)2
= (5m + 3)2
4. 49y2 + 84yz + 36z2
= (7y)2 + 2 x 7y x 6z + (6z)2
= (7y + 6z)2
5. 4x2 – 8x + 4 = (2x)2 – 2 x 4x × 2 + (2)2
= (2x – 2)2
6. 121b2 – 88bc + 16c2
= (11b)2 – 2 x 11b x 4c + (4c)2
= (11b – 4c)
7. (l + m)2 – 4lm = l2 + 2lm + m2 – 4lm
= l2 – 2lm + m2
= (l)2 – 2 x 1 x m + (m)2 = (1 – m)
8. a4 + 2a2b2 + b4 = (a2)2 + 2 x a2 x b2 + (a)2
= (a + b)2
प्रश्न 2.
गुणनखण्ड कीजिए –
- 4p2 – 9q2
- 63a2 – 112b2
- 49x2 – 36
- 16x5 – 144x3
- (l + m)2 – (l – m)
- 9x2y2 – 16
- (x2 – 2xy +y2) – z2
- 25a2 – 4b2 + 28bc – 49c2
हल:
1. 4p2 – 9q2
a2 – b2 = (a – b) (a + b)
4p2 – 9q2 = (2p)2 – (3q)2
= (2p – 3q) (2p + 3q)
2. 63a2 – 112b2 = 7 (9a2 – 16b2)
= 7 {(3a)2 – (4b)2}
= 7 (3a – 4b) (3a + 4b)
3. 49x2 – 36 = (7x)2 – (6)2
= (7x – 6) (7x + 6)
4. 16x5 – 144x3 = 16x3 (x2 – 9)
= 16x3 (x2 – 32)
= 16x3 (x – 3) (x + 3)
5. (l + m)2 – (l – m) = [(l + m) – (l – m)][(l + m) – (l – m)]
= (l + m – 1 + m) (l + m + l – m)
= 2m x 2l = 4lm
6. 9x2y2 – 16 = (3xy)2 – (4)2
= (3xy – 4) (3xy + 4)
7. x2 – 2xy + y2 – z2 = (x – y)2 – z2
= [(x – y) – z] [(x – y) + z]
= (x – y – z) (x – y + z)
8. 25a2 – 4b2 + 28bc – 49c2
= 25a2 – (4b2 – 28bc + 49c2)
= 25a2 – [(2b)2 – 2 x 26 x 7c + (7c)2]
= (5a)2 – (2b – 7c)2
= [5a – (2b – 7c)] [5a + (2b – 7c)]
= (5a – 25 + 7c) (5a + 2b – 7c)
प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित व्यंजकों के गुणनखण्ड कीजिए –
- ax2 + bx
- 7p2 + 21q2
- 2x2 + 2xy2 + 2xz2
- am2 + bm2 + bn2 + an2
- (lm + 1) + m + 1
- y (y + z) + 9 (y + z)
- 5y2 – 20y – 8z + 2yz
- 10ab + 4a + 5b + 2
- 6xy – 4y + 6 – 9x.
हल:
1. ax2 + bx = x (ax + b)
2. 7p2 + 21q2 = 7 (p2 + 3q2)
3. 2x2 + 2xy2 + 2xz2 = 2x (x2 + y2 + z2)
4. amv + bm2 + bn2 + an2
= (am2 + bm2) + (bn2 + an2)
= m2 (a + b) + n2 (b+ a)
= (a + b) (m2 + n2)
5. (lm + 1) + m + 1 = 1(m + 1) + 1 (m + 1)
= (m + 1) (1 + 1)
6. y (y + z) + 9 (y + z) = (y + z) (y + 9)
7. 5y2 – 20y – 8z + 2yz
= (5y2 – 20y) + (2yz – 8z)
= 5y (y – 4) + 2z (y – 4).
= (y – 4) (5y + 2z)
8. 10ab + 4a + 56+2
= (10ab + 5b) + (4a + 2)
= 5b (2a + 1) + 2 (2a + 1)
= (2a + 1) (5b + 2)
9. 6xy – 4y + 6 – 9x
= (6xy – 4y) – (9x – 6)
= 2y (3x – 2) – 3 (3x – 2)
= (3x – 2) (2y – 3)
प्रश्न 4.
गुणनखण्ड कीजिए –
- a4 – b4
- p4 – 81
- x4 (y + z)4
- x4 – (x – z)4
- a2 – 2a2b2 + b4
हल:
1. a4 – b4 = (a2)2 – (b2)2
= (a2 + b2) (a2 – b2)
= (a2 + b2) (a + b) (a – b)
2. p4 – 81 = (p2)2 – (9)2
= (p2 + 9) (p2 – 9)
= (p2 + 9) (p + 3) (p – 3)
3. x4 – (y + z)4 = (x2)2 – [(y + 2)2]2
= [x2 – (y + z)2] [x2 + (y + z)2]
= [x – (y + z)] [x + (y + z)] [x2 + (y + z)2]
= (x – y – z) (x + y + z) [x2 + (y + z)2]
4. x4 – (x – z)4 = (x2)2 – [(x – z)2]2
= [x2 – (x – z)2] [x2 + (x – z)]
= [x – (x – z)] [x + (x – z)] [x2 + (x2 – 2x2 + z2)] = (x – x + z) (x + x – z)(2x2 – 2xz + z2)
= z(2x – z) (2x2 – 2xz + z2)
5. a4 – 2a2b2 + b2 = (a2)2 – 2 x a2 x b2 + (b2)2
= [a2 – b2]2
= [(a – b) (a + b)]2
= (a – b)2 (a + b)2
प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित व्यंजकों के गुणनखण्ड कीजिए –
- p2 + 6p + 8
- q2 – 10q + 21
- p2 + 6p – 16
हल:
1. P2 + 6p + 8 = p2 + (4 + 2) p + 8
(∴8 = 4 x 2)
= p2 + 4p + 2p +8
= p (p + 4) + 2 (p + 4)
= (p + 4) (p + 2)
2. q2 – 10q + 21 = q2 – (7 + 3) q + 21
(∴ 21 = 3 x 7)
=q2 – 7q – 3q + 21
= q(q – 7) – 3 (q – 7)
= q (q – 7) (q – 3)
= (q – 3) (q – 7)
3. p2 + 6p – 16 = p2 + (8 – 2)p – 16
(∴ 16 = 8 x 2)
= p2 + 8p – 2p – 16
= p (p + 8) – 2 (p + 8)
= (p + 8) (p – 2)
पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 234
प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 14.2)
प्रश्न 1.
भाग दीजिए –
- 24xy23z3 को 6yz2 से
- 63a2b4c6 को 7a2b2c3 से।
हल:
1. 24xy2z3 + 6yz2
= 4xyz
2. 63a2b4c6 ÷ 7a2b2c3
= 9b2c3