MP Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Industries in India

August 9, 2022

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 3 Text Book Exercise

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions:
(Choose the correct answer from the following)

Question (a)
In which year the Industrial Policy of India was declared?
(a) 1947
(b) 1951
(c) 1948
(d) 1972.
Answer:
(c) 1948

Question (b)
The capital of cotton textile industry of India is:
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Mumbai
(c) Allahabad
(d) Indore.
Answer:
(b) Mumbai

Question (c)
Where is the security paper mill located in India?
(a) Nepanagar
(b) Titagarh
(c) Saharanpur
(d) Hoshangabad.
Answer:
(b) Titagarh

Question (d)
In which of the following industries, air pollution is maximum:
(a) Match sticks industry
(b) Paper industry
(c) Chemical industry
(d) Furniture industry.
Answer:
(c) Chemical industry

Question (e)
Madhya pradesh Rajya Laghu Vanopaj Vyapar Evam Vikas Sarkari Sangh was established in the year?
(a) 1984
(b) 1994
(c) 2004
(d) 1974.
Answer:
(a) 1984

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 3 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is an industry?
Or
What do you mean by manufacturing industry? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
The work of making or manufacturing things is called industry. In the process of manufacturing or making things man uses raw material and converts it into finished goods with the help of labour, energy and technology.

Question 2.
What is the raw material used in paper industry?
Answer:
The pulp made of bamboo, rubber wood and grass is the basic raw material of tlfe paper industry. Actually the raw materials from forest (53%), from agro products (23%), from waste paper (15%) and the other raw material (9%).

Question 3.
Which is the biggest iron and steel industry in India?
Answer:
Tata Iron and Steel Industry located at Jamshedpur in Jharkhand is the biggest iron and steel industry in India.

Question 4.
What do you mean by pollution?
Answer:
Pollution is meant any undesirable change in the air, water or land which occurs due to undesirable changes, on account of any physical, chemical or biological factor and which adversely affects the health, safety or welfare of all living brings. For example, air pollution, sound pollution, water pollution and land pollution etc.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In how many types the industries can be classified on the basis of ownership?
Answer:
On the basis of ownership the following types of industries are:

Private industries – which are owned by an individual.
Government industries – which are owned by the Government.
Co – operative industries – which are owned by co – operative institutions.
Mixed industries which are owned by two or more owners.

Question 2.
How many types of industries can be there on the basis of raw material used? (MP Board 2009, 2011)
Answer:
On the basis of raw material used in industrial units are divided into three parts:
(a) Agro – based:
Where raw materials is agricultural product e.g. cotton textile industry. –

(b) Mineral based:
Where raw materials is mineral e.g. Iron and Steel industry.

Question 3.
Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry? (MP Board 2009, 2013)
Or
Iron – steel industry is a basic industry. Why? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
Industries which are very important because many other industries depend on them for the supply of machines and other equipments necessary for the production of goods. Such industries are called Basic or Key industries.

Iron and Steel industry is a very important basic or key industry. Iron and Steel industries lay the foundations of other industries which include heavy engineering, ship building, automobiles etc.

Question 4.
Where are paper units set up in West Bengal? (MP Board, 2011)
Answer:
The raw materials from agricultural products, forest and the pulp of bamboo and grass are abudantly available in the riverine zone of West Bengal and the marshland of Sunderban. There are the following area:

Titagarh, Ranigarh, Naihati, Kolkata, Kakinada, Bada Nagar, Shivraphooti etc. Where the 40% of country’s share is contained. On the other hand suitable climatic condition centrally setup labour availability and good networking are the boon for the of paper industry in West Bengal.

Question 5.
State the need of establishing cottage and small scale industry in local level?
Answer:
Small scale and cottage industries are the backbone of an economy. Some industries are based on agricultural and forest produces. These industries obtain the supply of raw material in the form of agricultural crops and forest products. In forest and village areas where the vanvasis and villagers twelve, there is an acute lack of industries. Therefore there is an urgent need to establish small and cottage industries.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 3 Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How many types of industries can be there on the basis of raw material used? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
Types of industries in India:
On the basis of ownership, utility, size, raw material and nature of finished goods produced, types of industries can be classified as follows:

1. According to the Criterion of Ownership:
Industries can be classified into four types:

(a) Private industries:
which are owned by an individual,

(b) Government industries:
which are owned by Government,

(d) Mixed industries:
which are owned by two or more owners of the above types.

2. On the Basis of Utility industries can be classified into two types:
(a) Basic industries:
Such industries which provide basis for other industries. The products of such industries are used for setting up and running other industrial units like iron and steel industry.

(b) Consumer industries:
Such industries which produce consumer goods like textiles, sugar, paper etc.

3. On the Basis of Size:
industries can be classified into four types:

(a) Large scale industries:
Industrial units where capital investment is 10 crores or more e.g., Tata Iron and Steel Co.

(b) Medium industries:
Where capital investment is between 5 and 10 crores e.g. Leather industry.

(d) Cottage industries:
Where capital investment is nominal and which are run with the help of the family members. If such industries are located in a village they are called village or rural industries and if they are located in a town they are known as urban cottage industry.

4. On the Basis of the Type of Finished Goods:
Industries can be classified into two types:

(a) Heavy industries:
where heavy machines, articles etc. are produced e.g. tractor manufacturing units.

(b) Light industries: where small articles of daily use are manufactured e.g. toys.

5. On the Basis of Raw Material:
Industrial units can be divided into three types:

(a) Agro based industry:
where raw material is agricultural products e.g. cotton textile industry.

(b) Mineral based industries:
such units which use mineral as raw material e.g., Iron – Steel industry.

Question 2.
In which four areas the Iron and Steel Industry is located and why? State the area wise names of the plants?
Answer:
The first modern iron and steel plant was set up in a place ‘Portonovo’ in the State of Tamilnadu (India) in the year 1830. The first major plant of iron and steel was set up in ’Sakchi1, a place in Jharkhand State, in the year 1907 by Jamshedji Tata. This place is now known as Jamshedpur.

The Iron and Steel industry located in Jamshedpur is known as ‘Tata Iron and Steel Company.’ (TISCO). The main reason of localisation of this industry in these areas is that the raw materials used in this industry are heavy, cheap and full of impurities due to which it is uneconomical to transport heavy raw materials, therefore the production units themselve are set up there. The industry is mainly localised in four regions:

(a) Industries located in coal belt:
Burnpur, Hirapur, Kulti, Durgapur and Bokaro.

(b) Industries located iron – ore belt:
Bhilai, Rourkela, Bhadravati, Salem, Vijay Nagar, Chandrapur.

(d) Coastal area where iron and steel industry is located:
Vishakhapatanam.

Production of iron and steel:
The systematic development of Iron and Steel Industry of India after independence has resulted into sustained increase in die production in last few decades during 1970 – 1971 the production was 70 lakh tones which increased to 492 lakh tones in the year 2005 – 2006. The industry is giving direct employment to more than 5 lakh persons in India.

Question 3.
Describe the production and distribution details of the paper industry of India?
Answer:
Production of paper:
India ranks 20th in the world in respect of paper production as per independence paper production has increased thirty times. Out of the total production of paper in the country 53% is writing and printing paper, 22% is packing paper, 6% card board and 65% is news print and remaining paper is of other special variety. Production of all varieties of paper in India in’ the year 1950 – 1951 was 116 thousand tons, which rose to 3090 thousand tons in 2000 – 2001.

The main paper producing states in the country are Karnataka, Bihar, Jharkhand, Kerala, etc. In Hoshangabad of Madhya Pradesh the security paper mill is also there. There are more than 600 paper and straw based mills in the country which give direct employment to approximately 3 lakh people. In our country the demand for paper is more than the production therefore, this industry needs concentrated efforts to speed up the development further.

Question 4.
Describe the contribution of industries in the national economy?
Or
What is the contribution of industries in national economoy? (MP Board 2009)
Explain the contribution of industries in the national‘economy? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
According to the Industrial Commission India was an industrial country even before the Christian era. After independence the need for industrial development was felt for the economic development of the country. In the year 1950, the ‘National Planning Commission’ was set up.

Through Five Year Plans Targets for industrial development were set. Consequently, due to increasing contribution of industries in national development, achievement of following objectives could become possible.

Increase in the production due to industrialisation; per capital income increased and consequently the standard of living improved.
Increase in employment opportunities and the human resource strengthened.
Rise in the national income and capital formation.
Due to increased contribution of industries, other constituent units of the economy viz. agriculture, mineral, transportation etc., also progressed.
Research is strengthened and the technology also develops.

Question 5.
Throw light on ‘industrial pollution’? (MP Board 2010)
Or
What is the Sound Pollution? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
The pollution generated by industries is called industrial pollution. The industrial development has, on the one hand, played an important role in developing the economy, while it has a adversely affected the environment and it is assuming vast proportions day by day. Main types of industrial pollution are as under:

Air pollution
Water pollution
Land pollution
Sound or Noise pollution

There are other factors also responsible for atmosphere pollution but here we shall study this problem with regard to industrialisation.

Air pollution:
The poisonous gases and smoke emitted by the industrial plants are main cause of air pollution, The nature and quantum of industrial pollution depends on the type of industry, raw material used and manufacturing technique and process. From this point of view textile industry, chemical industries, metal industry, oil refineries and sugar industry cause more pollution as compared to some other industries.

Water pollution:
Water is necessary for life. Undesirable elements when get mixed up with water, they pollute the water. Water is used for production by industries. During the manufacturing processes harmful matter, salts, acids and chemicals etc. get mixed ,up with the water; this water then flows into rivers and water reservoirs.

Land pollution:
The supply of land is limited. Misuse of this resource can have serious effects. Disposal of industrial waste on the surface of the earth is known as land pollution. These waste matters are not natural and they do not get absorbed in the natural cycle (i.e. they are not bio – degradable); this adversely affects the quality of land, this is known as land pollution.

Sound or Noise pollution:
Any sound in the air which is irritating and hampers the functioning of mind properly i.e., noise, is the main form of sound pollution. A variety of machines are used in industries which produce constant noise. Generators also make constant noise. Consequently the workers working here become victims of deafness and many mental problems.

Question 6.
State the measures to control industrial pollution? (MP Board 2009, 2012)
Answer:
The following steps can be taken to control the various types of industrial pollution:
Measures to control air pollution:

Height of chimneys of the factories should be increased to reduce the effect of harmful gases.
To adopt such technology which will spread less pollution.
Pollution control devices should be installed in industries.
Well before setting of the plant, trees and greenery should be developed there.
Such sources of energy, like solar energy, should be used which will cause minimal pollution.

Measures to control water pollution:

Chemical industries which pollute the water most should be set up away from rivers and water reservoirs.
Waste – water of industries should not be directly disposed of in rivers or sources of water, instead this water should be treated and used for irrigation etc.
Water treatment arrangements should be made at the time of setting up of the plant itself.
Trees should be planted on road side and open land around the plant.
The industrialists should be advised regularly to control water pollution and government should keep a watch on the industrial waste.

Measures to control land pollution:

Industrial waste should not be thrown in the open, proper arrangements should be made for their disposal.
The waste should be burnt by modern methods and the heat so generated could be utilized for energy production. Due to this about 80% waste is burnt and the pollution caused by burning the waste can be controlled.
Bio – degradable waste can be used for preparing compost manure.
The industrial units should be prohibited to dispose of industrial waste without treatment.
Technology should be developed to recycle the industrial waste.

Measures to control noise pollution:

Industries should be set up away from the cities.
Modern technology should be used to reduce noise walls to absorb noise can be constructed.
Proper maintenance of machinery should be done, this reduces noise, old ill maintained machines also produce more noise.
The workers should compulsorily use ear – plugging device in plants which make excessive noise.
Anti – sound pollution machines should be installed in the plants.

Question 7.
Chief Forest Produce and Small scale and Cottage Industries of Madhya Pradesh?
Answer:
In Madhya Pradesh different types of valuable forest produce are through which the state government earns huge income every year. The government has introduced several schemes to collect and make use of forest products. It is essential for the development of vanvasis, that a part of forest products is used in small scale and cottage industries which are established locally. In this way the economic and social progress of the local inhabitants can be achieved.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 3 Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions:
(Choose the correct answer from the following)

Question (a)
Which of the following raw material is related to the paper industry?
(a) Regur
(b) Pulp
(c) Soya
(d) Wood
Answer:
(b) Pulp

Question (b)
Coimbatore of Tamilnadu is the famous centre of:
(a) Paper
(b) Cotton
(c) Carbon
(d) Cardemom.
Answer:
(b) Cotton

Question (c)
‘Green House Effect’ is related to the:
(a) Water pollution
(b) Air pollution
(c) Land pollution
(d) Sound pollution.
Answer:
(b) Air pollution

Question (d)
Cholera and Diarrhoea are the cause of:
(a) Insects
(b) Water
(c) Polluted water
(d) Polluted air.
Answer:
(c) Polluted water

Question (e)
The first large scale plant of iron and steel was set up?
(a) Sakchi
(b) Jamshedpur
(c) Tamilnadu
(d) Delhi
Answer:
(a) Sakchi

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

The latest economic policy of libralisation and globalisation was geared up in ………………….
Kulli and Burnpur Iron & Steel Company is located in the State of ………………….
…………………….. Iron Pillar of the Gupta period is situated in Delhi.
Bhopal gas tragedy was the result of ……………….. gas leaked in the atmoshphere.
At present the number of reserved industries is …………………….. (MP Board 2009)
Most paper producer state is ……………………. (MP Board 2009)
Liberal policy for setting up and expansion of industry and investment is called ……………………
Tata Iron steel Company is located at ……………………………
………………… is called the Manchester of India for the production of cotton industry.
…………………. is the unit of measuring sound pollution.
Bhillai Steel Plant is located in the State of ………………….

Answer:

1991
West Bengal
Mehrauli
Methile
two
West Bengal
Liberalisation
Jamshedpur
Ahmedabad
Decibal
Chhattisgarh.

Question 3.
True and False type questions:

Nepa Nagar is famous the fertilizer industry.
The first modern textile mills was established in Calcutta in 1918.
Kanpur is called the Manchester of North India.
Durgapur steel plant was established with the assistant of Germany.
Industries should be set up away from the cities.

Answer:

False
False
True
False
True.

Question 4.
Match the Cloumn:

Answer:

Answer in One – Two Words or One Sentence

Question 1.
When was the first cotton textile mill started in India?
Answer:
It started in Bombay in 1854.

Question 2.
When and where did the first jute mill start in India?
Answer:
At Calcutta in 1939.

Question 3.
Name the state where coir industry is most developed in India?
Answer:
In Kerala.

Question 4.
Name the main raw materials used for the production of paper?
Answer:
Bamboo, sabai – grass, sugarcane, bagasse, etc.

Question 5.
Divide the industries on the basis of division of labour?
Answer:

Large scale Industry
Mediumscale Industry.

Question 6.
Classify industries on the basis of raw materials and finished products?
Answer:

Heavy Industry
Light Industry.

Question 7.
Name industries which are owned by the State Government or some agency of the Central Government?
Answer:
Public Sector Enterprises.

Question 8.
Give an example of Private Sector Industry?
Answer:
Tata Iron and Steel Company, Jamshedpur.

Question 9.
Name the industry which serves as basis to many industries?
Answer:
Basic Industry.

Question 10.
Name two basic industries?
Answer:

Iron and Steel Industry
Cement Industry.

Question 11.
On the basis of ownership, in which sector can the Bhilai Steel Plant be put?
Answer:
Public Sector.

Question 12.
Give an example of the consumer industry?
Answer:
Fast Food Industry.

Question 13.
When and where was the Modem Cotton Textile Industry set up in India?
Answer:
Near Kolkata in 1818.

Question 14.
In which two states in India has the Cotton Textile Industry developed the most?
Answer:

Maharashtra
Gujarat.

Question 15.
Name the two main centres of Cotton Textile Industry?
Answer:

Mumbai
Ahmedabad.

Question 16.
How many jute factories are there at present in India?
Answer:
106 factories.

Question 17.
Name the two cities famous for producing woollen clothes?
Answer:

Amritsar
Ludhiana.

Question 18.
Name the two centres famous for manufacturing silk cloth?
Answer:

Mysore
Varanasi.

Question 19.
Name the two centres in India famous for producing the artificial silk?
Answer:

Mumbai
Delhi.

Question 20.
In which states is Silk Industry mainly located?
Answer:
Karnataka, West Bengal, J & K.

Question 21.
What is the place of India in the production of sugar in the world?
Answer:
First.

Question 22.
Where are most of the sugar industries located in India?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh.

Question 23.
Name the sector in which the maximum number of sugar mills are situated in India?
Answer:
Co – operative Sector.

Question 24.
When and where was the first Modem Iron and Steel Industry set up in India?
Answer:
At Jamshedpur in 1907.

Question 25.
Name the Centre of locomotive industry?
Answer:

Chittaranjan
Jamshedpur
Varanasi.

Question 26.
Which place is well known for the manufacture of railway coaches in India?
Answer:
Perambur (Chennai) and Kapurthala (Punjab).

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 3 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the cities which are prominent producers of textile industry?
Answer:
Bombay, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore, Nagpur, Sholapur, Kolkata, Kanpur, Delhi, Indore, etc.

Question 2.
What is meant by agro – based industries?
Answer:
Industries which derive their raw material from agriculture are called agro – based industries.

Question 3.
What are the constituents of agro-based industries?
Answer:
Textile, sugar, vegetable oil and plantation industries derive their raw material from agriculture.

Question 4.
Name the news print plant located in Madhya Pradesh?
Answer:
Nepanagar Newsprint Plant in Madhya Pradesh is located in Nepanagar.

Question 5.
Where is the steel industry mostly confined to?
Answer:
It is mostly confined to Chhota Nagpur Plateau bordering West Bengal Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 6.
On the basis of ownership, classify the modem industry?
Answer:

Public Sector Industry
Private Sector Industry
Joint Sector Industry
Co – operative Sector Industry.

Question 7.
Name the four Iron and Steel Plants of India which have come up with foreign collaborations?
Answer:

Bokaro (Russian Collaboration)
Durgapur (British Collaboration)
Rourkela (German Collaboration)
Bhilai (Russian Collaboration).

Question 8.
What are light industries?
Answer:
Industries which use light raw materials and produce light goods are termed as light industries. Examples are electric fans, sewing machines, etc.

Question 9.
Why is Kapurthala famous for? Also name the state in which it is situated?
Answer:
Kapurthala is famous for the railway integral coach factory. It is the second coach factory of India. It is situated in Punjab.

Question 10.
When and where was the first cement factory set up in India? What is their number and production now?
Answer:
Near Chennai in 1904, the first cement factory was set up. 419 (200 mini and 119 large) factories as produced 1000 lakh tonnes of cement in 2000 – 2001.

Question 11.
Name some physical facturs that effect location of industries?
Answer:
The physical factors are raw materials, power resources, water and favorable climate.

Question 12.
In which category of products would you put the following:
Grass, meat, coffee, iron ore.
Answer:

Forest products : Grass
Animal products : Meat
Agricultural products : Coffee
Mineral products : Iron ore.

Question 13.
Why cotton textile industry is situated in Maharashtra? (MP Board, 2012)
Answer:
Cotton textile industry is situted in Maharashtra because it is wtton growing area.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the industries on the basis of nature of industry?
Answer:
Village industry:
Industries that are run within the village with their traditional methods of production are called village industries.

Cottage industries:
These industries are characterised by hand manufacture of local raw material at home. It means that the industries are run by family members with their own labour and locally collected raw material.

Question 2.
Name the factors important for industrialisation?
Answer:
The factors important for industrialisations are:

Availability of raw materials.
Sufficient market for product.
A dense network of efficient and speedy transport.
Trade and commerce facilities.
Availability of sufficient capital for investment.
Skilled as well as unskilled labour force.

Question 3.
Make a distinction between basic and consumer industry?
Answer:
Basic Industry:
Basic industries are those industries which provide their finished goods as raw material to other industries.
Examples:
Iron and steel industry, heavy machine tools, petro chemicals, cement industry, etc.

Consumer Industry:
The industries which manufacture basically commodities of daily use are called consumer industries.
Examples:
Tooth paste, brush, pencil, fountain pen, hosiery industry, Modern bakery, biscuit industry, television, radio, etc.

Question 4.
Distinguish between large – scale and small – scale industry?
Answer:
Large – scale Industry:

Large – scale industries are those industries which manufacture huge quantities of finished goods.
Here quantity of raw material and capital investment is very large and huge.
Labour is required in large numbers.
Women workers are not generally employed in these industries.
Examples: Iron and Steel industry, Cotton Textile industry, Cement industry.

Small – scale Industry:

These industries manufacture finished goods in small quantities.
No huge quantity of raw material and capital is required in these industries.
Labour is required in limited numbers.
Women workers are employed in large numbers.
Examples: Garments industry, Hosiery industry, Television and Radio industry.

Question 5.
Distinguish between Agro – based and Mineral – based industries?
Answer:
Agro – based industries:

The industries which obtain raw materials from agriculture are called agro – based industries.
These industries provide employment in rural areas.
Agro – based industries are mostly in private or cooperative sectors.
Examples: Jute sugar, cotton textile, vegetable oil and plantation.

Mineral – based industries:

Industries based on minerals for their raw materials are termed as mineral – based industries.
They provide employment both to rural and urban labour.
These industries are generally located in public sector due to huge investments involved.
Examples: Iron and steel industry, machine tools industry.

Question 6.
Differentiate between national industries and multinational industries?
Answer:
National Industries:

When an industry is established by a single nation, it is known as a national industry.
These industries are set up in a public sector.
Nationalised industries come under this category such as Hindustan Steel Ltd.

Multinational Industries:

When an industry is established in collaboration with other countries, it is known as multinational industry.
These industries are set up in private sector.
Multinational industries include Coca Cola, etc.

Question 7.
What are the importance of manufacturing industries?
Answer:
Importance of manufacturing industries are:

Manufacturing industries are parameters of the economic development of a country.
Exports of manufactured goods bring foreign exchange.
The manufacturing industries reduce the dependence of people on agriculture by providing them employment opportunities.

Question 8.
Why do engineering industries have regional concentration?
Answer:
Engineering industries have regional concentration because:

There is a good supply of iron and steel of special varieties from the nearby plants to these centres.
These centres get plentiful supply of power at economical rates.
Highly skilled labour Is available in large numbers in these areas.

Question 9.
Describe briefly the distribution of silk textile industry in India?
Answer:
Mulberry, tasar, eri and munga silk are major silk varieties which are produced in India. There are 90 big and small silk mills producing silk and silk goods in the country. More than 90% of the country silk production comes form West Bengal, Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir. India produces 8.5 lakh kg of silk and silk goods annually.

The main silk producing centres are:

Murshidabad and Bankur in West Bengal.
Anantnag, Baramula and Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir.
Bangalore, Kolar, Mysore and Belgaum in Karnataka.

Question 10.
Describe briefly the distribution of railway equipment industries in India?
Answer:
Distribution of Railway Equipment Industries in India are as:
Railway equipments include railway engines, wagons and coaches. Railway engines are of three types – steam, diesel and electric engines. Engines are manufactured at Varanasi in U.P., Jamshedpur in Jharkhand and Chittaranjan in West Bengal.

Rails and sleeper bars are manufactured at iron and steel plants. Railway coaches are manufactured at Perambur in Tamil Nadu, Bangolore in Karnataka, Kapurthala in Punjab and Kolkata in West Bengal. Railway wagons are made in private sector and at railway workshops like Delhi, Varanasi, etc.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 3 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the industries on the basis of size and scale of operation?
Answer:
On the basis of size and scale of operation the industries can be classified as:
1. Large scale indsutries:
Industries which use big power run machines and employ specialised labour giving rise to large scale production. Examples are iron and steel industries.

2. Medium scale industries:
These industries also employ large number of employees and use power machines in the production process but the amount of money spent is less than the large scale industries and the labour power used is also comparatively less.

3. Small scale industries:
Industries which employ less number of people and need less capital for starting the industry. They also use power but the amount of power used is much less than the other industries.

Question 2.
Which are agro – based industries in India? What is their significance in Indian economy?
Answer:
Industries which draw raw material for their finished products from agriculture are called agro – based industries. Examples of agro – based industries are textile industry, sugar industry, vegetable oil industry, tea industry, jute industry and plantation industries, etc. These industries produce goods of daily consumers use and cater to the needs of common masses. Our industrial development, in fact, depends upon the agricultural development.

India is mainly an agriculture economy. The growth of its economy therefore depends upon the growth of agricultural production. Agro – based industries supply us food, cloth, packing material like jute, tea, and other articles of daily need. These industries have enhanced em-ployment opportunities to the teeming millions in villages.

Question 3.
Describe the five important ingredients of modem industry by giving suitable examples from India?
Answer:
Raw material, skilled, efficient and trained labour, capital availability of Power resources and transport facilities are the most important ingredients of modem industry. In fact, they are the factors on which localisation of industries depend. A factory tends to establish itself at places where these facilities are found:

1. Raw material:
It is the basic ingredient of a modern industry because it is the only important component that provides raw material which is transformed into the finished product.

2. Skilled, efficient and trained labour:
Another important in gredient is availability of efficient and qualified labour. Highly skilled and trained workforce is needed today as the production techniques have completely changed.

3. Capital:
It is also one of the most important factor of pro¬duction on which the modern industry depends.

4. Power:
The present industrial age is the machine age. All giant size machines have been installed by the industrial units. It is power only which runs them. Without the availability of power resources these machines are useless.

5. Market:
It is yet another important ingredient of modern industry. It means that there should be sufficient demand for goods being manufactured and their actual purchases.

6. Transport facilities:
These facilities are called the life lines of a country. Without them man and material cannot be sent from one place to another place. Hence the modern industry entirely depends on fast means of transport and communication for sending goods and messages.

Map Work

Question 1.
In the outline map of India show the following:
Bhilai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Cochin, Nepanagar, Jamshedpur, Visakhapatnam, Kanpur, Bhopal, Bombay (now Mumbai), Vijay Nagar?
Or
On an outline map of India show Mumbai? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:

Question 2.
On an outline map of India, show the major iron and steel plants of the country?
Or
On an outline map of India, show iron and steel industries in Chhattisgarh?
Answer:

Question 3.
On an outline map of India show the agriculture – based industry?
Answer:

SabDekho

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