NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants
These NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts to help students while preparing for their exams.
Getting to Know Plants NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 7
Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Correct the following statements and rewrite them in your notebook.
a. Stem absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
b. Leaves hold the plant upright.
c. Roots conduct water to the leaves.
d. The number of petals and stamens in a flower is always equal.
e. If the sepals of a flower are joined together, its petals are also joined together.
f. If the petals of a flower are joined together, then the pistil is joined to the petal.
Answer:
a. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
b. Stem holds the plant upright.
c. Stem conducts water to the leaves.
d. The number of petals and stamens in a flower may or may not be equal.
e. If the sepals of a flower are joined together, it is not necessary that petals are also joined together.
f. If the petals of a flower are joined together, then it is not necessary that the pistil is joined to the petal.
Question 2.
Draw (a) a leaf, (b) a taproot and (c) a flower.
Answer:
Question 3.
Can you find a plant in your house or in your neighbourhood, which has a long but weak stem? Write its name. In which category will you place it?
Answer:
It is a money plant. It is a climber.
Question 4.
What is the function of a stem?
Answer:
A stem performs following functions:
- Stem transfers water and minerals from roots to various parts of the plant.
- It transports food from leaves to various parts.
- It bears leaves, flowers and fruits,
- It holds the plant upright.
Question 5.
Which of the following leaves have reticulate venation?
Wheat, China rose, maize, tulsi, grass, coriander (dhania).
Answer:
Tulsi, Coriander and China rose have reticulate venation.
Question 6.
If a plant has fibrous root, what type of venation do its leaves have?
Answer:
Parallel venation.
Question 7.
If a plant has leaves with reticulate venation, what kind of roots will it have?
Answer:
Taproot.
Question 8.
Is it possible for you to find out whether a plant has taproot or fibrous roots by looking at the impression of its leaf on a sheet of paper?
Answer:
Yes, if leaf impression shows reticulate venation, the plant is likely to have taproot. However, if the leaf impression shows parallel venation, the plant is likely to have fibrous root.
Question 9.
What are the parts of a flower?
Answer:
The names of various parts of a flower from outside to inside are:
- Sepals
- Petals
- Stamens
- Pistil
Question 10.
From the following plants, which of them have flowers?
Grass, maize, wheat, chilli, tomato, tulsi, peepal, shisham, banyan, mango, jamun, guava, pomegranate, papaya, banana, lemon, sugarcane, potato, groundnut
Answer:
All the above plants have flowers.
Question 11.
Name the part of plant which produces food. Name the process.
Answer:
Leaves produces food and the process is called photosynthesis.
Question 12.
In which part of a flower, you will find the ovary?
Answer:
The ovary is found in pistil part of a flower.
Question 13.
Name two plants in which one has joined sepals and the other has separate sepals.
Answer:
Plants with joined sepals:
- Dhatura
- Loki
Plants with separate sepals:
- China rose
- Mustard
NCERT Extended Learning Activities And Projects
Question 1.
Become a leaf expert: Do this activity with a number of leaves over a period of few weeks. For every leaf that you wish to study, pluck it and wrap it in a wet cloth and take it home. Now, place the leaf between the folds of a newspaper and place a heavy book on it. You can also put it under your mattress or a trunk! Take out the leaf after a week. Paste it on a paper and write a poem or story about it. With your leaf collection pasted in a book, you can become an expert about leaves!
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Question 2.
Names of plant parts are hidden in this grid. Search them by going up, down, diagonally, forward or backward. Have fun!
Answer:
Activity 1
Objective: To show that water travels up through the stem of a plant.
Materials Required: Two glasses, red ink, freshly cut branches of a plant preferably bearing white flowers and blade.
Procedure:
- Take two glasses with little water in them. Label these glasses as A and B.
- Cut the lower end of the branches obliquely (or at an angle) with the help of a blade.
- Put one branch in each of the glasses. Add a few drops of red-ink into the water in glass A and shake it to mix the ink.
Leave the set up as such overnight. Observe the branches from inside and the flowers if the branches had flowers.
Observations: The branch from inside and the flower on it in glass A appears red. The colour of the branch and the flower in glass B remains unchanged.
Conclusion: Water travels up the stem through narrow tubes in it.
Leaf: It is the green part of the plant that prepares food. A leaf has following parts:
i. Lamina: Lamina is the broad, green part of the leaf.
ii. Petiole: Petiole is the thin stalk with which leaf is attached to the stem or branch.
iii. Midrib: It is the prominent line in the middle of the leaf blade.
iv. Veins: The various small, lateral lines arising from midrib and spread in lamina are called veins.
Venation: Venation is the arrangement of veins in the lamina. All the leaves contain veins. The arrangement of veins in the leaves of various plants is different. It can be of two types:
i. Reticulate venation: If veins make a net-like design on both sides of midrib, it is called reticulate venation. E.g., mango leaf, peepal leaf, etc.
ii. Parallel venation: If the veins are arranged parallel to each other and to the midrib, it is called parallel venation. E.g., grasses.
- Transpiration: Transpiration is the process by which water comes out from the leaves in the form of vapour. It helps the plant in cooling and absorbing nutrients from the root.
Activity 2
Objective: To show transpiration in plants. Materials Required: A potted plant, polythene bag and cello-tape.
Procedure:
- Take a well-watered potted plant having big leaves.
- Enclose a leafy stem (or branch) of the plant in a clean polythene bag and seal the mouth of polythene bag properly with cello-tape.
- Keep this potted plant in the sunshine for 2 to 3 hours.
Observations: A number of water droplets are seen on the inner side of the polythene bag.
Conclusion: The leaves of a plant lose water through transpiration.
- Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the process by which green leaves of plants prepare their food in the presence of sunlight, air, water and chlorophyll (a green coloured pigment present in the leaves).
Activity 3
Objective: To show that the leaf has starch in it.
Materials Required: A leaf, spirit, a beaker, test tube, burner, water, a plate and iodine solution.
Procedure:
- Boil a healthy leaf in water for about 10 minutes.
- Put the leaf in a test tube and pour spirit to completely cover the leaf.
- Now, put the test tube in a beaker half filled with water.
- Heat the beaker till all the green colour from the leaf comes out into the spirit in the test tube.
- Take out the leaf carefully and wash it in water.
- Put it on a plate and pour some iodine solution over it.
Observations: The leaf turns blue-black.
Conclusion: The blue-black colour indicates the presence of starch in leaves.
Root: It is the underground part of the plant that anchors it into the ground. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and conduct them to the upper parts of plant. Roots can be of two types:
i. Tap root: Tap root is the main root from which many branching roots grow sideways. Pea, radish, carrot, balsam, etc., are some plants that have tap root.
ii. Fibrous root: Fibrous root is the cluster of thin fibre-like roots at the base of the stem. Fibrous root is spread out in the soil. Wheat, maize, grass, etc., have fibrous root.
Flower: It is reproductive part of a plant. A flower consists of the following parts:
i. Sepals: Sepals are the small, green-coloured leaf-like structures seen in the flowers.
ii. Petals: Petals are the big, coloured leaf¬like structures seen in the flowers.
iii. Stamens: Stamens are the long filaments bearing anthers on their tip. They are seen in the flower on the removal of sepals and petals. These are the male parts of a flowers.
iv. Pistil: Pistil is the innermost part of a flower which we cannot see completely. It is the female part of the flower. It comprises of the following structures:
a. Style: Style is the narrow upper portion of pistil.
b. Stigma: Stigma is the sticky end at the top of the style.
c. Ovary: It is the lowermost bulged part of the pistil. It contains ovules that carry egg cells.
On maturation, ovary develops into fruit and ovules develop into seeds.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What are the plants having green and tender stems called?
Answer:
Herbs.
Question 2.
What type of plant is the grape?
Answer:
Climber.
Question 3.
What is the food making process in green plants called?
Answer:
Photosynthesis.
Question 4.
Name the major parts of a plant.
Answer:
Stem, root, leaves and flowers.
Question 5.
Give two examples of shrubs.
Answer:
Lemon and orange.
Question 6.
Give two examples of trees.
Answer:
Banyan and apple.
Question 7.
Define nodes.
Answer:
The points on the stem where leaves and branches arise are called nodes.
Question 8.
What is lamina?
Answer:
The broad, green, flat part of leaf is called lamina.
Question 9.
What are the two main types of venation in the leaves?
Answer:
a. Reticulate venation
b. Parallel venation.
Question 10.
What are the two types of roots?
Answer:
a. Tap root
b. Fibrous root.
Question 11.
What do you mean by petals?
Answer:
The leaf-like coloured parts next to the sepals are called petals.
Question 12.
What is filament?
Answer:
Each stamen consists of a thin green stalk called filament.
Question 13.
Define ovary.
Answer:
The lower broad or bulged portion of the pistil is called ovary.
Question 14.
Name the agents of pollination.
Answer:
Insects, wind and water.
Question 15.
Name the various parts of stamen.
Answer:
Anther and filament.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What are nodes and internodes in stem?
Answer:
Nodes are the points on the stem from where leaves and branches arise and internodes are the spaces between two adjacent nodes.
Question 2.
What is tuber in potato?
Answer:
Potato plant has special stem that grows underground- and stores food for the plant. This special stem is called tuber.
Question 3.
Write the functions of a leaf.
Answer:
- The leaves prepare food for the plant by the process of photosynthesis.
- The leaves get rid of excess water from the plant through transpiration.
- The leaves carry out the process of respiration in plants.
Question 4.
Define venation of the leaf.
Answer:
All the leaves contain veins. The arrangement of veins in the lamina of the leaf is known as venation of the leaf.
Question 5.
How does a climber differ from a creeper?
Answer:
Climber plant has a special organ called tendril on its stem which helps it to climb and grow while creeper has no such organ, so they grow on ground only.
Question 6.
Differentiate between the flowering plants and non-flowering plants.
Answer:
Flowering Plants:
The plants which have roots, stem and leaves, flower and fruits are known as flowering plants.
Examples: mango, guava, grapes, papaya, etc.
Non-flowering Plants:
The plants which do not have definite roots, stem, leaves and flowers are known as non-flowering plants.
Examples: fern, moss, algae, etc.
Question 7.
Write any two functions of roots.
Answer:
- Roots help in holding the plant firmly in the soil.
- Roots help in absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Question 8.
How are leaf venation and type of roots in a plant related?
Answer:
Plants having the reticulate venation have tap roots while plants having the leaves with parallel venation have fibrous roots.
Question 9.
Which are the two gases involved in photosynthesis? How?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide and oxygen are involved in photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is used whereas oxygen is released in photosynthesis.
Question 10.
What types of plants are called trees?
Answer:
Plants which are tall and have hard, thick brown woody stems are called trees. The stem has branches in the upper part, much above the ground.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How are herbs, shrubs and trees different from each other?
Answer:
a. Herbs are small non-woody plants with soft stem. These plants are very small in size. These plants usually do not grow more than one metre in height. They have very short life span. These plants do not live for more than two seasons.
b. Shrubs are larger than herbs. These plants are hard and woody. These plants tend to branch near ground level, so many branches are seen rising just above the ground giving them a bushy appearance. Their life span is bigger than herbs but smaller than trees.
c. Trees are fully big plants. They have hard and woody stem. They have a trunk which usually gives out branches and leaves. The branches appear higher up on the stem much above the ground. Trees have a great life-span. They live for many years.
Question 2.
What is leaf venation? Explain the various types of leaf venation with an example for each.
Answer:
The design made by veins in a leaf is called leaf venation. The leaf venation have two main types: a. Reticulate venation: In this type of venation, the veins occur in an irregular way forming a net-like design. Pea plant, neem tree, mango tree, marigold, etc., have reticulate venation, b. Parallel venation: In this venation, the veins in a leaf run parallel to one another on both the sides of the midrib. Wheat, paddy, sugarcane, barley, etc., have parallel venation.
Question 3.
What are roots? Write the various functions of roots. Describe the two types of roots.
Answer:
Roots are the parts of plants which grow below the ground (in the soil). Various functions of roots are:
- Roots prevent the plant from being pulled out easily or blown away by the wind.
- Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil for manufacturing of food.
- Roots help in conservation of soil by holding it together.
The two main types of roots are: Taproot and Fibrous root
- Taproot is the main root from which many branching roots grow sideways. Pea plant, radish, mango, mustard, etc., have taproot.
- Fibrous root is a cluster of thin fibre like roots at the base of the stem. These roots spread out in the plants. Wheat, maize, grass, millet, etc., have fibrous roots.
Question 4.
Explain the structure of a leaf. What are the main functions of a leaf?
Answer:
The main parts of a leaf are:
- Petiole: The part of the leaf by which it is attached to the stem is called petiole.
- Lamina: The broad, green part of the leaf is lamina.
- Veins: There are various types of lines on the leaf which are called veins.
- Midrib: There is a thick vein in the middle of the leaf. This vein is called midrib.
There are following two main functions of a leaf:
- Transpiration: In the form of vapour, extra water comes out of the leaves. This process is called transpiration. It helps in cooling and absorbing water from soil by the roots.
- Photosynthesis: The process, by which leaves prepare their food from water and carbon dioxide, in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll is called photosynthesis.
Question 5.
Explain how flower becomes a fruit.
Answer:
When the pollen grains fall on stigma, they move down through the tube called style and reach the ovary. In the ovary, the male sex cells present in pollens join with the female sex cells present in ovules. The joining together of male and female sex cells is called fertilization. After fertilization, the ovules grow and become seeds. The ovary of flower grows and becomes a fruit.
Picture-Based Questions
Question 1.
a. Identify the type of roots in figures A and B.
b. Which of the above roots is found in grasses?
Answer:
a. A-Taproot; B-Fibrous root
b. Fibrous root
Question 2.
a. Identify A and B.
b. Which of these is the male part of the flower?
c. Which of these is the female part of the flower?
Answer:
a. A-Stamen, B-Pistil
b. Stamen
c. Pistil
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