NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 11 The Making of the National Movement 1870s-1947
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 11 The Making of the National Movement 1870s-1947
The Making of the National Movement 1870s-1947 Class 8 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 11 The Making of the National Movement 1870s-1947 familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.
The Making of the National Movement 1870s-1947 Class 8 Questions and Answers History Chapter 11
Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 8 SST History Chapter 11 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 11 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.
History Class 8 Chapter 11 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers
Let’s Recall
Question 1.
Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?
Answer:
The dissatisfaction among people with the British rule in the 1870’s to 1880’s had several reason:
(i) The arms act was passed in 1878 disallowing Indians from possessing arms.
(ii) In 1878 only, the Vernacular Press Act was also enacted in an effort to silence those who were critical of the government. This act allowed the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing presses if the newspapers published anything that was found “objectionable”.
(iii) In 1883, there was a furore over the attempt by the government to introduce the Ilbert Bill. The bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians, and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country. But when white opposition forced the government to withdraw the Bill, Indians were enraged as the event highlighted the racial attitudes of the British in India.
Question 2.
Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?
Answer:
In the Indian National Congress always wished to speak for the voice of Indians. As the Indian National Congress was composed of the representatives, not of any one class or community of India, but of all the different communities of India, so they always wished to speak for Indians whether belonging to any community.
Question 3.
What economic impact did the First World War have on India?
Answer:
The First World War not only altered the political situation but also the economical situation in India and the economic impact created by it was as follows:
(i) It led to huge rise in the defence expenditure of the Government of India.
- Government in turn increased taxes on the individual’s income and business profits.
(ii) Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices which had created great difficulties for the common people.
(iii) Business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war.
- As the war created a demand for industrial goods and caused a decline of imports from other countries into India it resulted in the expansion of the Indian industries during the war.
- Indian business group began to demand greater opportunities for development.
Question 4.
What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?
Answer:
The Muslim League Resolution of 1940 asked for “Independent States” for Muslims in the North-western and western and eastern states of the country. The resolution did not mention partition or Pakistan.
Let’s Discuss
Question 5.
Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?
Answer:
Moderates were leaders who were against the adoption of any violence for convincing the British. They were the ideal followers of non-violence. The moderates proposed to struggle against the British rule by adopting non-violence methods as Moderate leaders wanted to develop public awareness about the unjust nature of the British rule.
They published newspapers, wrote articles, and showed how British rule was leading to economic ruin of the country. They criticised British rule in their speeches and sent representatives to different parts of the country to mobilise public opinion. They felt that the British had respect for the ideas of freedom and justice so they would accept the just demands of Indians. All attempts by the moderates were made to make the government aware of the feeling of Indians.
Question 6.
How was Hie politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?
Answer:
The Radicals within the Congress were the ones who started raising questions about the political style of the Congress by the 1890’s. The Radicals started to explore more objectives and methods. They criticised the Moderates for their “politics of prayers” and emphasized the importance of self-reliance and constructive work. The Radicals argued that people must rely on their own strengths not on the “good” intentions of the government, people must fight for Swaraj.
Question 7.
Discuss Hie various forms that Hie Non-Cooperation Movement took in different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?
Answer:
Non-cooperation movement took place in different parts of India and in various forms. In many cases, people resisted British rule non-violently, and in either case people linked their movements to local grievances. People also took Gandhiji in different way and linked their movements to local grievances.
- In Kheda of Gujarat, Patidar Peasants organised non-violent campaigns against the high land revenue demand of the British.
- In coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu, liquor shops were picketed.
- In Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor peasants staged a number of “forest Satyagrahas”. Believing about Gandhiji that Gandhiji would get their taxes reduced and have the forest regulations abolished.
- In many forests, peasants proclaimed swaraj and believed that “Gandhi Raj” was about to be established.
- In Sind, Muslim traders and peasants were very enthusiastic about the Khilafat call.
- The Khilafat – Non-cooperation alliance gave enormous communal unity and strength to the national movement in Bengal too.
- In Punjab, the Akali agitation of the Sikh sought to remove corrupt mahants supported by the British from their gurudwaras. The movement got closely associated with Non-Cooperation movement. All the above incidents show how people thought about Gandhiji. They took Gandhiji at their Messiah as someone who could help them overcome their misery and poverty.
Question 8.
Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?
Answer:
Gandhiji choose to break salt law because as per this law the state had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale on salt. In view of Gandhiji along with other nationalists it was sinful to tax salt since it is such an essential item to our food. The Salt March related the general desire of freedom to a specific grievance shared by everybody and thus did not divide the rich and the poor.
Question 9.
Discuss those developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan.
Answer:
The provincial elections of 1937 seemed to have convinced the League that Muslims were a minority,
and they would always have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure. It feared that Muslims may even go rejection. The Congress’s unrepresented to the league’s desired movement in the United Provinces in 1937 also annoyed the League.
Failure of Congress in mobilising the Muslim masses in the 1930’s allowed the League to widen its social support. It sought to enlarge its support in the early 1940’s when most Congress leaders were in jail. At the end of the war in 1945, the British opened negotiation between the Congress, the League and themselves for the independence of India. The talks failed because the League saw itself as the sole spokesperson of India’s Muslims. The Congress could not accept this claim since a large member of Muslims still were in its support.
Again the elections to the provinces were held in 1946. The Congress did well in “General Constituencies” but the League’s success in the seats reserved for Muslims was spectacular. It persisted with the demand for “Pakistan”. In March 1946 the British cabinet sent a 3 member mission to Delhi to examine this demand and to suggest a suitable political framework for a free India. This mission suggested that India should remain united and constitute itself as a loose confederation with some autonomy for the Muslim-majority areas. But neither Congress nor the Muslim League agreed to the proposal. This led to inevitability of partition.
After the failure of the Cabinet Mission, the Muslim League decided on mass agitation for winning its Pakistan demand. 16th August 1946 was announced as “Direct Action Day”. On this day riots broke out in Calcutta, lasting several days and resulting in death of 1000’s of people. By the 1947 the violence spread to different parts of northern India. With numerous killings, fleeing and various untold brutalities of riots, a new country Pakistan was born. The joy of country’s Independence came up mixed with pain and violence of partition.
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