RBSE Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 8 Chanakya the Great
RBSE Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 8 Chanakya the Great
Rajasthan Board Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 8 Chanakya the Great
Summary of the Lesson
Once a Bodh bhikshu went to Chanakya’s house for bhiksha. He was invited to come inside the house. He was surprised to look around as there were very limited things in the house which are necessary. The bhikshu thought that the Prime Minister of the great king Chandragupta lives such a simple life like that of a sadhu. He was offered food by Chanakya for which he went to the other room where he saw two ladies and no servants. One of the lady was old who was Chanakya’s mother and the other lady, who was making chapatis, was his wife. The simple food was served by Chanakya’s mother. After the meal Chanakya was asked whether he had any children. He told that he had a son who studies in Ashram. Then the bhikshu, to clarify his surprise, asked Chanakya that inspite of being the king’s Prime Minister, why was he living such a simple life?
Chanakya said that it was his duty to serve his country and people. He wants to make sure that nobody is unhappy in the Maurya Empire. He told that he makes copies of his books to earn his livelihood. After a long silence, bhikshu said that still there are honest people like Chanakya. There would be no suffering in the Empire but he heard of some people being looted by some robbers in a nearby village where the guards could not do anything. Chanakya told Bhikshu not to worry as he will go to the village with the king. After the Bhikshu left, Chanakya started thinking about the villagers and was also worried. He told the king everything and they went to the village. They came to know that the robbers had looted everything including bedding and blankets and villagers were facing difficulty in sleeping in cold nights. Chanakya promised villagers to arrange for the blankets and told them that very soon the robbers will be caught. When they returned to Patliputra, the capital city, he ordered to bring blankets to his house. Hence the blankets were kept in a corner of Chanakya’s house.
Somehow the robbers came to know about this and they planned to steal those blankets also. It was a cold night but the door of Chanakya’s house was open. Everything was clearly visible in the moonlight. The robbers looked here and there for the blankets. They noticed that Chanakya had covered himself with an old blanket, which had holes in it. The robbers were surprised to see this as he could have used one of the blankets which were kept for distributing and nobody would have known about it. But, being honest, Chanakya did not use public property. Both the robbers went outside to share this with their other gang members. All of them felt ashamed. The robbers brought all that was stolen by them and kept outside Chanakya’s house. When Chanakya came outside in the morning, he saw everything and understood the situation. All the things were sent back to the village. After this there were no robberies in the Maurya Empire.
पाठ का सार
एक बार एक बौद्ध भिक्षु भिक्षा के लिए चाणक्य के घर गए। चाणक्य ने उन्हें अंदर आने के लिए आमंत्रित किया। भिक्षु अंदर आने पर बहुत ही कम, केवल आवश्यक सामान देखकर हैरान हुए। भिक्षु ने सोचा कि महान सम्राट चंद्रगुप्त का प्रधानमंत्री एक साधु की भांति सादा जीवन व्यतीत करता है। चाणक्य ने भिक्षु को भोजन के लिए पुकारा, जिसके लिए वे दूसरे कमरे में गए। यहाँ भिक्षुक को दो महिलाएँ दिखी और कोई भी सेवक न दिखा।एक वृद्धा जो रोटी बना रही थी, उसकी पत्नी थी। माँ द्वारा बेहद साधारण भोजन परोसा गया। भोजन के बाद भिक्षु ने चाणक्य के बच्चों के बारे में पूछा तो उन्होंने बताया कि उनका एक पुत्र है जो आश्रम में पढ़ता है। तब अपनी हैरानी दूर करने के लिए भिक्षु ने आखिर पूछ ही लिया कि राजा का प्रधानमंत्री होने के बाद भी चाणक्य इतना साधारण जीवन क्यों जीते हैं।
इस पर चाणक्य ने कहा कि यह तो उनका कर्तव्य है। कि वे अपने देश और उसके नागरिकों की सेवा करें ताकि उनके देश में कोई भी दुखी न रहे। वह अपना खर्चा चलाने के लिए अपनी किताबों की प्रतियाँ बनाते हैं। एक लंबी चुप्पी के बाद भिक्षु ने कहा कि जिस देश में चाणक्य जैसे इमानदार लोग है, वहाँ किसी को भी किसी प्रकार की परेशानी नहीं हो सकती परंतु उसने पास के गाँव में लूट की खबर सुनी है और वहाँ पहरेदार भी कुछ न कर पाए। तब चाणक्य ने भिक्षु को आश्वस्त किया कि वे राजा के साथ गाँव जाएँगे। जब भिक्षु चले गए तो चाणक्य कुछ चिंतित हुए और गाँव वालों के बारे में सोचने लगे। वे राजा के पास गए और सब कुछ बताया। वे गाँव पहुँचे तो पता चला कि लुटेरों ने बिस्तर तथा कंबल तक लूट लिए थे। गाँववालों को सर्द रातों में सोना बहुत ही कठिन हो रहा था। चाणक्य ने गाँव वालों से वादा किया कि जल्दी ही सब ठीक हो जाएगा और अगले ही दिन कंबलों का भी प्रबंध हो जाएगा। जब वे पाटलिपुत्र राजधानी वापिस पहुँचे तो कंबल चाणक्य के घर रखवाने की आज्ञा दी गई। सभी कंबल चाणक्य के घर कमरे के कोने में रखवा दिए गए। उन लुटेरों को किसी प्रकार इस बात का पता चल गया और उन्होंने इन कबलों को भी लूटने की योजना बनाई। वह एक सर्द रात थी लेकिन चाणक्य के घर का दरवाजा खुला हुआ था।
चाँद की रोशनी में सब कुछ सफ दिखाई दे रहा था। लुटेरों ने यहाँ-वहाँ कंबलों की तलाश की। उन्होंने ध्यान दिया कि चाणक्य स्वयं एक पुराना कंबल ओढ़े हुए थे, जिसने कुछ छेद भी हो रहे थे। वे यह देखकर आश्चर्यचकित रह गए, क्योंकि चाणक्य उन कंबलों में से एक कंबल आसानी से ले सकते थे और किसी को इस बारे में पता बकी नहीं चलता | परंतु चाणक्य ने जनता की संपत्ति को हाथ न लगाया था। वे लुटेरे अपने बाकी साथियों के पास बाहर गए और उन्हें इस बारे में बताया। वे सभी बहुत शर्मिदा हुए उन्होंने बाकी का सारा चुराया लूटा हुआ सामान चाणक्य के घर के आगे ला कर रख दिया। जब चाणक्य सुबह उठे और बाहर निकले तो सारा सामान देकर सब कुछ समझ गए। उन्होंने वह सारा समान गांव भिजवा दिया। इस घटना के बाद मौर्य साम्राज्य में कभी कोई लूट नहीं हुई।
Glossary
Empire : a group of countries that all are controlled by one government
Livelihood : a means of earning money in order to live, living
Sufferings : mental pain; feelings of pain or unhappiness
Capital : the most important town or city from where a government operates
Astonished : surprised
Wealth : a large amount of money, property etc., that a person or country owns
Freedom : the state of being able to do what you want, without anything stopping you
Robbery : the crime of stealing money or goods from a bank, shop / store, person, etc. especially using violence or threats. 60
Chanakya the Great Textbook Questions Solved
Activity – I
A. Tick the correct alternative.
सही विकल्प पर निशान लगाइए।
Question 1.
The bhikshu was astonished when he:
(a) saw the wealth of Prime Minister Chanakya
(b)came to know that food was ready
(c) saw Chanakya’s mother preparing food
(d) saw no servant in Chanakya’s room
भिक्षु चकित था, जब उसने :
(अ) प्रधानमंत्री चालाकी की संपत्ति देखी
(ब) उसे खाना तैयार होने की सूचना मिली
(स) उसने चाणक्य की माँ को खाना बनाते देखा
(द) उसे चाणक्य कमरे में कोई सेवक न दिखा।
Question 2.
“I make copies of books to earn my livelihood.” Here ‘livelihood’ means:
(a) a piece of cloth put over somebody’s face and head so that they cannot be recognised.
(b) a way of ruling
(c) complete silence
(d) earning in order to live
“ मैं अपनी आजीविका के लिए पुस्तको की प्रतियाँ बनाता हूं” । यहां “आजिविका” का अर्थ है :
(अ) एक कपड़े का टुकड़ा जिससे किसी का मुंह और सिर ढक दिया जाए ताकि वह पहचाना न जा सके
(ब) शासन करने का तरीका
(स) पूर्ण शांति
(द) जीने के लिए कमाना
Answer.
1. (a)
2. (d)
B. Find out whether the following statements are True or False.
निम्न कथनों में से सही अथवा गलत कथन का पता लगाए।
Question 1.
There was a nothing in Chanakya’s room
चाणक्य के कमरे में कुछ भी नहीं था।
Question 2.
Chanakya had a large family ……….
चाणक्य का परिवार बड़ा था।
Question 3.
Chanakya was a very powerful person…….
चाणक्य एक शक्तिशाली व्यक्ति था।
Question 4.
Chanakya believed in the freedom of thought
चाणक्य को सोच की स्वतन्त्रता में विश्वास था।
Question 5.
Everyone was free to follow his religion in the days of Chandra Gupta ……..
चंद्रगुप्त के राज्यकाल में प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को अपने धर्म का अनुसरण करने की आजादी थी।
Answer.
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
C. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।
Question 1.
Why was the bhikshu surprised?
भिक्षु आश्चर्यचकित क्यों हुआ?
Answer.
The bhikshu was surprised to see the wealth of Chanakya, the Prime Minister of the Empire.
भिक्षु साम्राज्य के प्रधानमंत्री चाणक्य की संपत्ति देखकर आश्चर्यचकित हुआ।
Question 2.
What food was served to the bhikshu?
भिक्षु के लिए खाने में क्या परोसा गया?
Answer.
The bhikshu was served very simple food — chapati, dal and one vegetable curry.
भिक्षु के लिए खाने में साधारण भोजन – रोटी, दाल एक सब्जी परोसा गया।
Question 3.
What did Chanakya do to earn his living?
चाणक्य अपनी जीविका चलाने के लिए क्या करते थे?
Answer.
Chanakya used to make copies of books to earn his living.
चाणक्य अपनी जीविका चलाने के लिए पुस्तकों की प्रतियाँ बनाते थे।
Question 4.
What kind of life did Chanakya want for people?
चाणक्य लोगों के लिए किस प्रकार का जीवन चाहते थे?
Answer.
Chanakya wanted that nobody should be unhappy in the Maurya Empire.
चाणक्य चाहते थे मौर्य साम्राज्य में कोई भी अप्रसन्न न रहे।
D. Answer the following questions in about 20 to 30 words each.
निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर 20-30 शब्दों में दीजिए।
Question 1.
Why did Chanakya lead such a simple life?
चाणक्य इतना साधारण जीवन क्यों व्यतीत करते थे?
Answer.
Chanakya lead such a simple life because he was of the opinion that it was his duty to look after the empire and people and he has no right to use public belongings.
चाणक्य इतना साधारण जीवन इसलिए व्यतीत करते थे क्योंकि उनका मानना था कि देश तथा प्रजा की देखभाल
करना उनका कर्तव्य था तथा प्रजा की संपत्ति पर उनका कोई अधिकार नहीं था।
Question 2.
Why were the robbers ashamed?
लुटेरे शर्मिदा क्यों हुए?
Answer.
The robbers were ashamed because they saw Chanakya covered with an old blanket with many holes in it despite so many blankets lying near him for the distribution.
लुटेरे शर्मिदा इसलिए हुए क्योंकि उन्होंने चाणक्य को एक पुराना, छेद वाला कंबल ओढे पाया जबकि उनके पास ही अनेक कंबल बांटने हेतु रखे हुए थे।
Activity – II
A. Match the words in column ‘A’ with their meanings in column ‘B’.
Answer.
B. Match the words in column ‘A’ with their opposites in column ‘B’.
А B
known slavery
disciplined hot
cold sad/happy
quietly indisciplined
spend unknown
happy noisily
freedom earn
Answer.
known — unknown
disciplined — indisciplined
cold — hot
quietly — noisily
spend — earn
happy — sad/unhappy
freedom — slavery
Now, think of some words and write from your memory which being with negative prefix either ‘in’ or ‘un’
Example: – noted ………. unnoted
Answer.
1. necessary — unnecessary
2. wind — unwind
3. fold — unfold
4. important — unimportant
5. able — unable
6. accurate — inaccurate
7. active — inactive
8. ability — inability
9. adequate — inadequate
10. complete — incomplete
Activity – III
‘as long as’or ‘so long as’ is often used to state conditions. It implies/means ………….. on conditions.
You pay the fees.
You can stay in the hostel.
As long as you any fees, you can stay in the hostel.
A. Now join the following sentences using “as / so long as”.
I. This selfish world helps you. You are earning.
II. We cooperate others. Others cooperate us.
III. We are safe. We obey the rules of road.
IV. We keep practicing. We’ll win the match.
V. Children obey parents. They progress very well in their life.
VI. Ram will be successful. He studies regularly.
VII. We will serve our country, Bharat. We are alive and healthy.
VIII. Nobody harms you. You are honest.
Answer.
I. This selfish world helps you as long as you are earning.
II. As long as we cooperate others, other cooperate us.
III. As long as we obey the rules of road, we are safe.
IV. As long as we keep practicing, we’ll win the match.
V. As long as children obey parents, they progress very well in their life.
VI. As long as Ram studies regularly, he will be successful.
VII. As long as we are alive and healthy, we will serve our country, Bharat.
VIII. As long as you are honest nobody harms you.
B. Conditional clauses.
Look at the following sentence carefully from the text. “No one would have known if Chanakya had used blankets at night.”
The above written sentence is the type of conditional sentence which is known as unfulfilled condition. Some other examples are:
• If he had gone to Delhi, he would have seen the Red Fort.
• If you had worked hard, you would have passed.
Such types of sentences are known as Conditional Clauses. They are probable, improbable, or wishes which could not be fulfilled because certain condition/conditions could not take place.
Now complete the sentences with your own imagination.
I. If Prashant had come in time…….
II. If Raj had run fast, …….
III. If Ashish had worked hard, ……….
IV. If Jayashree had played well, ………….
V. If Abhilasha head driven carefully,
VI. If Abhishek had gone to Chittoor, ………
VII. If you had invited me, ………….
Answer.
I. he would have boarded the bus.
II. he would have won the trophy.
III. he would have got good marks.
IV. he would have been selected for the nationals.
V. she could have avoided the accident.
VI. he would have met his childhood friend.
VII. I would have come.
C. Arrange the following sentences in a meaningful order.
I. If the police/ fast/ had ‘run/ they/ the thief would have caught
II. Had studied/ if Geeta/ seriously, she/ the class/ would have topped
III. A letter/ if Kamla/ had written/ her mother/it/ would have got
IV. If Harvinder/ politely, had asked heartily/ Nidhi/ would have helped
V. If it/ timely/ had not rained/ would have dried/ the crops
Answer.
I. If the police had run fast, they would have caught the thief.
II. If Geeta had studied seriously, she would have topped the class.
III. If Kamla had written a letter, her mother would have got it.
IV. If Harvinder had asked politely, Nidhi would have helped heartily.
V. If it had not rained timely, the crops would have dried.
Activity – IV
Listen to the following words carefully.
I. I will tell you a tale of the animal which has a tail.
II. He may desert you in the desert of Rajasthan.
III. When my grandfather had had his meal he went out for a mile walk.
IV. Weigh everything before you say, this is the way to be happy and gay.
V. I live here but I leave for Ajmer tomorrow.
Answer.
Activity – V
Listen to the following words carefully.
Question 1.
India is a country of great national and regional heroes/heroines. Rajasthan is no exception to it. Keeping this in view, write a brief life sketch of any national regional hero/heroine from the history of Rajasthan.
Answer.
Maharana Pratap Maharana Pratap is the name of a glorious personality who is the embodiment of courage bravery, self-respect, patriotism and the spirit of Independence. Such a person was ever born in this world is difficuit to believe. He was enthroned in 1572 and struggled for the independence of his motherland and the preservation of Indian moral values till his last breath. He displayed unbounded courage and bravery in the Battle of Haldighati. His lightning deeds still continue to shine brightly in the mind, heart and soul of Indian people. His name will continue to glitter in the pages of Indian history forever.
Chanakya the Great Additional Questions for Practice
A. Tick the correct alternative.
सही विकल्प पर निशान लगाइए।
Question 1.
Who was Chanakya?
(a) King
(b) Prime Minister
(c) Soldier
(d) Bhikshu
चाणक्य कौन थे?
(अ) राजा
(ब) प्रधानमंत्री
(स) सैनिक
(द) भिक्षु
Question 2.
The bhikshu was ………. to see Chanakya’s wealth.
(a) surprised
(b) happy
(c) sad
(d) ashamed
चाणक्य के घर कितनी महिलाएं थी ?
(अ) हैरान
(ब) सुख
(स) दुखी
(द) शर्मिंदा
Question 3.
How many ladies were there in Chanakya’s house?
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four
चाणक्य के घर कितनी महिलाएं थी?
(अ) एक
(ब) दो
(स) तीन
(द) चार
Question 4.
Who was the making chapatis?
(a) Chanakya
(b) Bhikshu
(c) mother
(d) wife
चपातियाँ कौन बना रहा था?
(अ) चाणक्य
(ब) भिक्षु
(स) माँ
(द) पत्नी
Question 5.
Who served the food?
(a) mother
(b) Chanakya
(c) wife
(d) king
भोजन किसने परोसा?
(अ) मां
(ब) चाणक्य
(स) पत्नी
(द) राजा
Question 6.
How many children did Chanakya have?
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four
चाणक्य के कितने बच्चे थे?
(अ) एक
(ब) दो
(स) तीन
(द) चार
Question 7.
Who was the king of the Maurya Empire?
(a) Chandragupt
(b) Chanakya
(c) Bhikshu
(d) Surya Gupta
मौर्य साम्राज्य का राजा कौन था?
(अ) चंद्रगुप्त
(ब) चाणक्य
(स) भिक्षु
(द) सूर्य गुप्त
Question 8.
What was the capital city of Maurya Empire?
(a) Patliputra
(b) Jaipur
(c) Delhi
(d) Rajasthan
मौर्य साम्राज्य की राजधानी क्या थी?
(अ) पाटलिपुत्र
(ब) जयपुर
(स) दिल्ली
(द) राजस्थान
Question 9.
Where did the king go with Chanakya?
(a) morning walk
(b) garden
(c) city
(d) village
सम्राट चाणक्य के साथ कहाँ गए?
(अ) सुबह की सैर
(ब) उपवन
(स) शहर
(द) गाँव
Question 10.
How many robbers went inside Chanakya’s house?
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four
चाणक्य के घर के अंदर कितने लुटेरे गए?
(अ) एक
(ब) दो।
(स) तीन
(द) चार
Answer.
1. (b)
2. (a)
3. (b)
4. (d)
5. (a)
6. (a)
7. (a)
8. (a)
9. (d)
10. (b)
B. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए।
Question 1.
Who came at Chanakya’s door for bhiksha?
चाणक्य के द्वार पर भिक्षा के लिए कौन आया?
Answer.
A bodh bhikshu came at Chanakya’s door for bhiksha.
चाणदग के द्वार पर भिक्षा के लिए एक बौद्ध भिक्षु आया।
Question 2.
What did the bhikshu see in the room?
भिक्षु ने कमरे में क्या देखा?
Answer.
The bhikshu looked around and saw only a few things of daily use, some pots and beddings.
भिक्षु ने कमरे में प्रतिदिन काम आने वाली कुछ वस्तुएँ, कुछ बर्तन और बिस्तर देखे।
Question 3.
How many people live with Chanakya?
चाणक्य के साथ कितने लोग रहते थे?
Answer.
Two people, his mother and wife lived with Chanakya.
चाणक्य के साथ दो लोग, उनकी माँ तथा पत्नी रहते थे।
Question 4.
How many hours did Chanakya spend with public?
चाणक्य प्रजा के साथ कितने घंटे बिताते थे?
Answer.
Chanakya spent twelve hours with public to listen to their difficulties.
चाणक्य प्रजा के साथ बारह घंटे बिताते थे काकी में उनकी समस्याएं जान सके।
Question 5.
What did bhikshu hear about the village?
भिक्षु ने गाँव के बारे में क्या सुना था?
Answer.
Bhikshu had heard that some people in village were looted by robbers and guards could not do anything.
भिक्षु ने सुना था कि गाँव के कुछ लोगों को लुटेरों ने लूट लिया था और पहरेदार भी कुछ कर पाए।
Question 6.
What did Chanakya promise to villagers?
चाणक्य के ने गाँव वालों से क्या वादा किया?
Answer.
Chanakya promised to send the blankets to the villagers the next day.
चाणक्य ने गाँव वालों को अगले दिन कबल दिलवाने का वादा किया।
C. Answer the following questions in 20 to 30 words.
निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर 20-30 शब्दों में दीजिए।
Question 1.
What did robbers decide when they came to know what Chanakya was doing?
लुटेरों ने क्या निर्णय लिया जब उन्हें पता चला कि चाणक्य क्या कर रहा था?
Answer.
The robbers decided to take away as many blankets from his house as they could when they came to know what Chanakya was doing.
लुटेरों ने निर्णय लिया कि वह चाणक्य के घर से जितना हो सके कंवल लेंगे, जब उन्हें पता चला कि चाणक्य क्या करने वाला है।
Question 2.
Why were robbers astonished?
लुटेरे आश्चर्यचकित क्यों थे?
Answer.
The robbers were astonished to see that there were so many new blankets in the room and yet the Prime Minister slept, covered with an old blanket, on a straw bed.
लुटेरे इसलिए आश्चर्यचकित थी क्योंकि उन्होंने देखा कि इसने सारे नए कबल होने के बाद भी प्रधानमंत्री पुराने, छेद वाले कंबल को ओढ़ कर सोए हुए थे।
Question 3.
What did Chanakya see in the morning?
चाणक्य ने सुबह क्या देखा? ।
Answer.
Early in the morning when Chanakya got up and came out, he saw the stolen goods lying outside his house and understood everything.
सुबह जब चाणक्य कमरे से बाहर आए तो उन्होंने देखा कि चोरी का सारा सामान बाहर रखा हुआ था और वे सब समझ गए।
Question 4.
What did Chanakya do to help public?
प्रजा की मदद के लिए चाणक्य क्या करते थे?
Answer.
Chanakya spent twelve hours with the public to listen to their difficulties so that he could solve their problems and help them.
प्रजा की मदद से लिए चाणक्य उनकी बात सुनने के लिए उनके साथ बारह घंटे बिताते थे ताकि वे उनकी समस्याएँ सुनकर उन्हें सुलझा कर उनकी मदद कर सके।
D. Answer the following question in 40 to 50 words.
निम्न प्रश्न का उत्तर 40-50 शब्दों में दीजिए।
Question 1.
On the basis of this Chapter write few lines about Chanakya.
पाठ के आधार पर चाणक्य के बारे में कुछ पंक्तियाँ लिखिए।
Answer.
Chanakya was the prime minister of the great Mauryan Empire. He lived a very simple life. He made copies of books to earn his livelihood. He believed that it was his duty to look after the empire and the people and has no right to use public belongings. He wanted everyone to be happy in the Maurya Empire.
चाणक्य महान मौर्य साम्राज्य के प्रधानमंत्री थे। वे बहुत साधारण जीवन जीते थे। अपनी आजीविका के लिए वे पुस्तकों की प्रतियाँ बनाते थे। उनका मानना था कि साम्राज्य और प्रजा की देखभाल करना उनकी जिम्मेदारी तथा कर्तव्य है और उन्हें प्रजा से संबंधित वस्तुओं का उपयोग करने का कोई अधिकार नहीं है। वे अपने साम्राज्य में सभी को प्रसन्न देखना चाहते थे।
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