RBSE Class 8 English Grammar Preposition

RBSE Class 8 English Grammar Preposition

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 8 English Grammar Preposition

अर्थ: Preposition दो शब्दों से मिलकर बना है-Pre तथा Position I Pre का अर्थ है पहले तथा Position का अर्थ है रखा हुआ (placed) अर्थात् वह शब्द जो किसी Noun अथवा Pronoun से पहले प्रयोग किया जाता है। Preposition सम्बन्धसूचक शब्द होता है जो किसी वाक्य में उस noun अथवा pronoun जिससे पूर्व इसका प्रयोग होता है, का किसी दूसरे Noun अथवा Pronoun के साथ सम्बन्ध बतलाता है। जैसे-
The book is on the table.
The cat is under the chair.

कुछ प्रमुख Prepositions के प्रयोग
In = (अन्दर, में)
(i) यदि कोई पहले से ही अन्दर हो तो in का प्रयोग होता है, यह स्थिरता का भाव देता है। जैसे

1. My book is in the bag.
2. You are sitting in the room.

(ii) महीने व सन् के पहले in लगता है

1. Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869.
2. He will come in July.

(iii) इसी प्रकार मौसम, सप्ताह, प्रातः, सायं आदि के लिए भी in का प्रयोग किया जाता है
in summer, in winter, in a week, in the morning, in the evening, in the afternoon etc.

(iv) देशों, बड़े शहरों, प्रान्तों, जिलों आदि के नामों के साथ in का प्रयोग किया जाता है। दूसरे शब्दों में, बड़े स्थानों के लिए in का प्रयोग किया जाता है

1. He lives in India.
2. He lives at Sanganer in Jaipur District.

Into = (अन्दर, में) जब पहले से अन्दर नहीं हो और बाद में गति होकर अन्दर हो तो into का प्रयोग करते हैं। दूसरे शब्दों में,
(i) जब गति हो, और
(ii) स्थान परिवर्तन अथवा रूप-परिवर्तन हो तो into का प्रयोग करो।

1. They pulled Simon into the boat.
2. He came into the room,
3. He put the book into the bag.

[0n = (पर, ऊपर)।
(i) जब एक वस्तु दूसरी वस्तु के ऊपर हो, और दोनों की सतह स्पर्श होती हो, तो on का प्रयोग होता है। in की तरह स्थिर अवस्था में ही इसका प्रयोग होता है।

1. He is sitting on a chair.
2. My book is on the table.

(ii) दिनों के नाम के पहले on आता है, जैसे
He came here on Monday

(iii) पैदल के लिए ‘on foot’ आता है, जैसे
He came on foot.

Upon = (पर, ऊपर)।
जब पहले से ऊपर नहीं हो और गति द्वारा स्थान परिवर्तन होकर ऊपर हो तो upon का प्रयोग करते हैं। The cat jumped upon the table.

Above = (ऊपर)।
ऊपर, से ऊँचा, से अधिक आदि के अर्थ में above का प्रयोग किया जाता है

1. The sky is above our head,
2. We were flying above the clouds.
3. It weighs above ten tons.

0ver = ऊपर
से अधिक, सीधे ऊपर किन्तु वस्तु एक-दूसरे को छूती न हो तो over का प्रयोग होता है। स्पर्श होने पर गति हो अथवा ढकने का अर्थ हो तो भी over का प्रयोग करते हैं।

1. There was a lamp hanging over the table.
2. I have over thirty books.
3. Spread this cloth over the table.

At= (i) की तरफ, निकट at दो अर्थों में प्रयोग होता है—
(1) की तरफ (2) निकट

1. Look at the blackboard.
2. Sita is standing at the door.

(ii) घड़ी के समय के पहले

1. He came to me at 6 p.m.
2. I get up at 4 a.m.

(iii) छोटे स्थान के लिए at तथा बड़े स्थान के लिए in का प्रयोग करो।

1. Mahatma Gandhi was born at Porbandar in Gujarat.
2. I live at Rajasthan in India.

Under = नीचे जब कोई किसी के नीचे हो किन्तु सतह स्पर्श न करे |

1. The cap-seller was sleeping under a tree.
2. The cat is sitting under the table.

Of= का, की, के।
(1) of का प्रयोग अधिकार या सम्बन्ध बताने के लिए का, के, को के अर्थ में किया जाता है

1. Are these bales of silk yours?
2. Good writing is a necessary part of education,

(ii) किसी बीमारी से मृत्यु होने का सम्बन्ध बतलाने के लिए भी of का प्रयोग किया जाता हैHe died of chholera,
(iii) किसी वस्तु से कोई चीज निर्मित हो तथा उस मूल वस्तु का अस्तित्व अभी भी हो तो of का प्रयोग होगा
This chair is made of wood.

After = बाद में, पीछे

1. She came after 5 o’clock.
2. People ran after the thief.

For = (i) के लिए के अर्थ में
She cooked food for me.
(ii) समय की अवधि के लिए ‘से’ के अर्थ में
I have been studying cases for two hours.

(iii) कीमत के लिए
I bought this pen for five rupees.

Since = since का प्रयोग ‘समय के बिन्दु’ (Point of time) अर्थात् निश्चित समय से पहले ‘से’ के अर्थ में किया जाता है। यह ध्यान रहे कि since का प्रयोग केवल Perfect Tense में ही किया जाता है।

1. I have been living in Canada since 1990.
2. He has been working very hard since July,

In front of = के सामने

1. We should put the book in front of our eyes.
2. There is a shop in front of my school.

Between = दो व्यक्तियों अथवा वस्तुओं में अथवा उनके बीच में

1. Distribute the pens between Sita and Vimla,
2. There is a pen between these two books.

Among = दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों अथवा वस्तुओं के बीच में
She came and distributed apples among ten students,

From…….to = से ………… तक/को —किसी स्थान से आओ तो ‘from’ का प्रयोग करो। —किसी स्थान पर जाओ तो “to’ का प्रयोग करो।

1. I am going to school
2. She went to Delhi.
3. Sita is coming from her house.
4. He will return from Mumbai in March.
5. He will go from Jaipur to Jodhpur.

Along = सहारे-सहारे, किनारे-किनारे
(1) लम्बाई की दिशा में एक किनारे से दूसरे किनारे तक एक रेखा में गति दर्शाने के लिए ‘along’ का प्रयोग किया जाता हैWe walked along the road.
(ii) किनारे-किनारे स्थित होने का भाव प्रकट करने के लिए भी ‘along’ का प्रयोग किया जाता है
Trees grew along the river bank

Across = आर-पार, उस पार
(i) किसी चीज के दूसरी तरफ के लिए She lives across the river.
(ii) एक तरफ से दूसरी तरफ के लिए
They built a bridge across a river.
(iii) किसी क्षेत्र में एक तरफ से दूसरी तरफ अथवा विपरीत दिशा में गति दर्शाने के लिए The thief ran across the field.

Through = में होकर
(i) Through का प्रयोग गतिशील क्रिया को दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है। यह एक छोर से दूसरे छोर तक की गति दर्शाने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है

1. The thief came through the window.
2. A man was passing through the forest.

By = (i) द्वारा (Passive Voice में)

1. A story is written by Sita.
2. Food was cooked by my mother.

(ii) किसी वाहन के अन्दर बैठ कर यात्रा करना

1. She will go by car.
2. My father will come by train.

(iii) ‘अधिकतम समय’ या तक के अर्थ में अथवा इस समय से अधिक देर से नहीं, दिये हुए समय से पहले–
[नोट-ऐसे वाक्यों में by के तुरन्त बाद कोई समय-सूचक शब्द अवश्य दिया हुआ होता है। प्रमुख समय-सूचक शब्द ये हैं-घड़ी का समय (जैसे सात बजे), दिनांक (जैसे—17 तारीख), सप्ताह का दिन (जैसे सोमवार), महीने का नाम (जैसे—मार्च, मई), सन् (जैसे—सन् 2017), सुबह, शाम, रात्रि, कल, सप्ताह आदि।]
He will finish his work by 5 p.m.

(iv) ‘निकट’ तथा ‘पास’ का भाव प्रकट करने के लिए
Seema is sitting by Raju.

(v) किसी व्यक्ति के कार्य के अर्थ में
The book is written by a famous writer.

(vi) through अथवा along के अर्थ मेंHe came in by the back door.

With = से, साथ
(i) किसी वस्तु द्वारा काम किये जाने के भाव में with का प्रयोग किया जाता है

1. I write with a pen.
2. Mohan beat me with a stick.

(ii) किसी व्यक्ति के साथ के अर्थ में भी with का प्रयोग करते हैं

1. I live with Mohan.
2. She goes to school with Vimla.

Within = के भीतर। किसी निश्चित समय (अथवा अवधि) या किसी निश्चित स्थान के भीतर कार्य करने अथवा सीमित रहने का भाव देने के लिए within का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

1. I shall come within an hour.
2. Write a story within two pages.

About = के बारे में, लगभग
(i) के बारे में’ के अर्थ में
(a) I know something about computer.
(ii) ‘लगभग’ के अर्थ में
(a) I reach school at about 8 a.m.

Exercise: 1

(Based on the textbook)
Choose the correct answer:
Question 1.
The pond was …………. the middle of the 200,
(a) in
(b) on
(c) out
(d) to
Answer:
(a) in

Question 2.
The animals chatted …………. each other.
(a) with
(b) al
(c) since
(d) to
Answer:
(a) with

Question 3.
The owl was surprised ………….. this change.
(a) in
(b) into
(c) at
(d) up
Answer:
(c) at

Question 4.
They make fun …………. me.
(a) under
(b) of
(c) above
(d) down
Answer:
(b) of

Question 5.
My stomach ached …………. ten days.
(a) since
(b) for
(c) in
(d) to
Answer:
(b) for

Question 6.
They gave me slice …………. slice.
(a) since
(b) to
(c) after
(d) for
Answer:
(c) after

Question 7.
We shall find solutions ……………… the problems.
(a) into
(b) in
(c) to
(d) up
Answer:
(c) to

Question 8.
We will stay …………. our rooms.
(a) since
(b) for
(c) in
(d) down
Answer:
(c) in

Question 9.
They all agreed to ………… it.
(a) since
(b) into
(c) to
(d) above
Answer:

Question 10.
They are tired of being bullied …………. us.
(a) from
(b) by
(c) in
(d) out
Answer:
(b) by

Question 11.
They took it …………. one cage to the other.
(a) from
(b) since
(c) for
(d) into
Answer:
(a) from

Question 12.
The loser went …………. the nearby mines.
(a) from
(b) above
(c) into
(d) over
Answer:
(c) into

Question 13.
He wiped tears …………. his cheeks.
(a) into
(b) in
(c) from
(d) to
Answer:
(c) from

Question 14.
I cannot go …………. Jaipur.
(a) up
(b) above
(c) over
(d) to
Answer:
(d) to

Question 15.
He ordered an utmost alert ………….. sides.
(a) since
(b) for
(c) up
(d) on
Answer:
(d) on

Exercise: 2

(Based on the textbook)
Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The young lady stared ………… them.
(a) at
(b) for
(c) in
(d) into
Answer:
(a) at

Question 2.
My husband is …………. heaven.
(a) without
(b) from
(c) since
(d) in
Answer:
(d) in

Question 3.
They are not meant …………. you.
(a) into
(b) in
(c) for
(d) to
Answer:
(c) for

Question 4.
All …………. you will soon die.
(a) to
(b) of
(c) with
(d) at
Answer:
(b) of

Question 5.
She was conscious of…………. her leg.
(a) of
(b) on
(c) with
(d) off
Answer:
(a) of

Question 6.
She died …………. her country.
(a) for
(b) on
(c) since
(d) from
Answer:
(a) for

Question 7.
The body bhikshu came ………………
(a) in
(b) from
(c) at
(d) below
Answer:
(a) in

Question 8.
Thousands of questions came ………………. his mind.
(a) over
(b) for
(c) since
(d) into
Answer:
(d) into

Question 9.
He was silent …………. a long time.
(a) in
(b) into
(c) for
(d) since
Answer:
(c) for

Question 10.
I shall go …………. the Emperor.
(a) into
(b) with
(c) in
(d) since
Answer:
(b) with

Exercise: 3

(Based on the textbook)
Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
There was hardly anything ………… the room.
(a) in
(b) into
(c) by
(d) to
Answer:
(a) in

Question 2.
They began to fall …………. the ground in heaps.
(a) into
(b) up to
(c) under
(d) on
Answer:
(d) on

Question 3.
We should talk …………… our problems.
(a) about
(b) into
(c) to
(d) up
Answer:
(a) about

Question 4.
The students are not friendly…………. me.
(a) over
(b) in
(c) at
(d) with
Answer:
(d) with

Question 5.
The villagers were …………. trouble.
(a) in
(b) with
(c) on
(d) at
Answer:
(a) in

Question 6.
The bhikshu entered the room …………. Chanakya.
(a) for
(b) by
(c) with
(d) on
Answer:
(c) with
(b) by

Question 7.
She jumped …………. the canal immediately.
(a) out of
(b) into
(c) over
(d) in
Answer:

Question 8.
I have been suffering …………….. arthritis
(a) to
(b) since
(c) for
(d) from
Answer:
(d) from

Question 9.
I love listening …………. him.
(a) in
(b) to
(c) into
(d) under
Answer:
(b) to
Question 10.
Please tell us ………………….. the different types of computers.
(a) into
(b) about
(c) on
(d) at
Answer:
(b) about

Exercise: 4

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
You should follow the instructions given …………. the warden and the H.M.
(a) above
(b) over
(c) into
(d) by
Answer:
(d) by

Question 2.
We both sat down and looked …………. each other.
(a) above
(b) on
(c) into
(d) at
Answer:
(d) at

Question 3.
They both waited to pursue their talent …………. art.
(a) over
(b) above
(c) under
(d) for
Answer:
(d) for

Question 4.
Our country was invaded …………. the enemy,
(a) at
(b) in
(c) by
(d) out
Answer:
(c) by

Question 5.
I stayed back to take care ………….. him
(a) of
(b) on
(c) at
(d) in
Answer:
(a) of

Question 6.
They are not meant …………. you.
(a) with
(b) at
(c) to
(d) for
Answer:
(d) for

Question 7.
You won’t object to a glass …………. it.
(a) for
(b) of
(c) off
(d) at
Answer:
(b) of

Question 8.
All of you will go …………. hell.
(a) at
(b) with
(c) to
(d) off
Answer:
(c) to

Question 9.
The Bodh bhikshu came ………..
(a) in
(b) into
(c) to
(d) with
Answer:
(a) in

Question 10.
It is my duty to look …………. the people.
(a) at
(b) after
(c) into
(d) to
Answer:
(b) after

Question 11.
Mohan is studying ………….. my room.
(a) on
(b) in
(c) into
(d) under
Answer:
(b) in

Question 12.
I managed to save myself by rushing ……… my room.
(a) in
(b) onto
(c) into
(d) to
Answer:
(c) into

Exercise: 5

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
We wear sweater ………. winter.
(a) at
(b) on
(c) in
(d) with
Answer:
(c) in

Question 2.
She lives at Khajalpura …………. Jaipur district
(a) down
(b) up
(c) at
(d) in
Answer:
(d) in

Question 3.
The bhikshu came …………. the room.
(a) under
(b) into
(c) in
(d) over
Answer:
(b) into

Question 4.
Students have weekly off …………. Sundays.
(a) on
(b) in
(c) with
(d) for
Answer:
(a) on

Question 5.
The dog jumped …………. the wall.
(a) with
(b) without
(c) into
(d) upon
Answer:
(d) upon

Question 6.
Her name is ………….. my name in the list.
(a) up
(b) for
(c) above
(d) out
Answer:
(c) above

Question 7.
There are. 3000 books in my school library.
(a) over
(b) under
(c) into
(d) with
Answer:
(a) over

Question 8.
She is standing …………. the gate.
(a) on
(b) into
(c) without
(d) at
Answer:
(d) at

Question 9.
He threw a stone …………. the dog.
(a) at
(b) with
(c) without
(d) into
Answer:
(a) at

Question 10.
I was standing …………. the shade of a tree.
(a) over
(b) above
(c) under
(d) below
Answer:
(c) under

Question 11.
This table is made …………. plastic.
(a) on
(b) of
(c) off
(d) at
Answer:
(b) of

Question 12.
She has died …………. heart attack
(a) of
(b) on
(c) off
(d) at
Answer:
(a) of

Question 13.
People run …………… money.
(a) before
(b) after
(c) above
(d) over
Answer:
(b) after

Question 14.
She bought this book …………. fifty rupees.
(a) in
(b) on
(c) with
(d) for
Answer:
(d) for

Question 15.
I have been working for …………….. five hours.
(a) since
(b) for
(c) into
(d) off
Answer:
(b) for

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