RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Chapter 17 Decline of the Mughal Empire and 18th Century India
RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Chapter 17 Decline of the Mughal Empire and 18th Century India
Rajasthan Board Class 8 Social Science Textbook Questions Solved
Question 1.
Who was the first Maratha emperor who infused nationalism in them?
Answer:
Shivaji was the first ruler to arouse the spirit of nationalism in the Marathas.
Question 2.
Which Rajasthani emperor helped Yashwant Rao Holkar?
Answer:
Ranjit Singh, the ruler of Bharatpur helped Yashwant Rao Holkar.
Question 3.
Gandharv Baisi lived in whose court?
Answer:
Gandharv – Bai si was in the court of Sawai Pratap Singh.
Question 4.
On what basis the successors were decided in Mughal Empire?
Answer:
There was no law of succession. The mightiest succeeded as the ruler. In other words succession was based on the power of sword.
Question 5.
Describe the condition of Marathas in the 18th century.
Answer:
The 18th century Marathas:
1.Shivaji founded the Maratha empire in Maharashtra.
2. In the first half of the 18th century, the Peshwas became more powerful than Cnhatrapati Shivaji.
3. Peshwa Baji Rao gave extension to the Maratha power in other provinces as Malwa, Gujarat, Bundelkhand etc.
4. During the period of Balaji Baji Rao the Marathas extended their empire over most parts of India.
5. By 1752 the Mughal rulers and wazirs (Mantri) too were under the control of the Marathas.
6. In the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 the Marathas got a setback but they still continued their dominance.
7. The British fought three battles against the Marathas and brought them under their (the British) control.
Question 6.
Describe the achievements of Sawai Jai Singh.
Answer:
Achievements of Sawai Jai Singh:
1. Sawai Jai singh was honoured with the subedari of Malwa in the first half of the 18th century.
2. Maratha’s entrance to Rajasthan was due to Sawai Jai Singh’s intervention in the Bundi war of succession.
3. To check the growing influence of the Marathas, Sawai Jai Singh with other rulers convened a sammelan of the Rajput Princes at Hurda and tried to unite the Rajputs in a strong hold.
Question 7.
Which Mughal commanders established their own independent regions? Name any three.
Answer:
Three Mughal Subedars joined together to found the independent Kingdoms:
(i) Subedar Saadat Khan in Avadh.
(ii) Murshad Quli Khan in Bengal
(iii) Nizam Chikilich Khan in Hyderabad
Question 8.
When was Hurda meeting organized and what was its purpose?
Answer:
The Hurda Sammelan was convened in 1734 by Sawai Jai Singh and other rulers, with the purpose to restore unity of the Rajput princes and to check the growing influence of the Marathas.
Question 9.
Describe any four reasons responsible for the downfall of Mughal Empire.
Answer:
Four causes responsible for the decline of the mughal empire are:
(i) Downfall of the Aamirs (Nobles)- With the downfall of the members of the royal family, their nobles too headed towards their extinct. They got involved in the luxurious life styles and got engaged in feuds among themselves. They cared a least about the good of their empire and become incompetent and inert.
(ii) Economic Downfall: Shahjahan showed off his splendour by building expensive buildings while Aurangzeb was engaged in wars for too long that the economic condition of the state become weak. As later successors were extravagant due to their way of living and loot of Ahmed Shah Abdali and Nadir Shah made the Mughl treasury empty.
The economic condition of Mughals had worsened so much that a time came when food was not cooked for three days in the royal kitchen (cooking stove was not burnt for three days). When princess could not bear hunger then they threw their veil and revolted.
(iii) Absence of laws of succession: There was no specified law to decide the successor to the throne of the Mughal ruler. It was decided by the power of sword, rather than the eldest son. This caused a great harm to the state.
(iv) External Invasions: The foreign invaders took an advantage of the weaknesses of the Mughal empire. Invasion of Ahmed Shah Abdali and Nadir Shah had, practically worsened the political and the economic conditions of the Mughal administration. Their military became weak and lost all the zeal and strength. Taking advantage of the situations, subedars of many subas became independent.
Question 10.
Describe the political conditions of any three Rajput states in the 18th century.
Answer:
Political position of three Rajput states (Riyasats) of India:
(i) Amer (Jaipur): Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur was bestowed with the Subedari of Malwa. The Marathas stepped into Rajasthan as a consequence of Sawai Jaisingh’s intervention in the war of succession in Bundi. In order to check the growing influence of Marathas, Sawai Jaisingh and other rulers summoned a conference at Hurda in 1734. They tried to unite the Rajputs. After Jai Singh his sons Madho Singh and Ishwar Singh had a feud. The success of the Jaipur state was defeating the Marathas in the Tunga war under Sawai Pratap Singh’s leadership.
(ii) Jodhpur: Ajit Singh of Jodhpur seized Jodhpur from the Mughals and brought it under his Suzerainity. Later he became the Subedar of Gujarat. He played an important role in dethroning the Mughal Emperor, Farukhsyar. His descendants continued the wars of succession.
(iii) Mewar: Amar Singh II of Mewar helped Jaisingh and Ajit Singh in winning over Amer (Amber) and Jodhpur respectively.
RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Additional Questions Solved
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Aurangzeb died in
(a) 1707
(b) 1706
(c) 1705
(d) 1704
Question 2.
In Shah Alam II accepted the
sovereignty of British.
(a) 1731
(b) 1730
(c) 1728
(d) 1729
Question 3.
Aurangzeb’s Policy was the cause of downfall of Mughal Empire.
(a) Religious
(b) Economic
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the these
Question 4.
worsened the economic condition of the Mughal Empire.
(a) Das’tak system
(b) Veil system
(c) Political system
(d) none of these
Question 5.
The European races entered India through
(a) Land ways
(b) Sea ways
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (a)
4. (a)
5. (b)
RBSE Solutions Class 8 Social Science Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What was the last cause of the downfall of the Mughal Empire?
Answer:
East India Company become the last cause of the downfall of the Mughal Empire
Question 2.
Who founded Jaipur city?
Answer:
Sawai Jai Singh
Question 3.
Which scripture was written in the court of Sawai Pratap Singh?
Answer:
Radha Gobind Sangeet sar.
Question 4.
Name palaces built during Jat’s rule?
Answer:
Deeg palaces.
RBSE 8th Board Paper in Pdf Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Describe the political powers of 18th century India?
Answer:
Main political powers of the 18th century India were:
1. Maratha: Shivaji founded the Maratha empire in Maharashtra. He and his successors fought continuously against Aurangzeb. In the first half of the 18th century Peshwas became more powerful. Peshwa Baji Rao strenghened the Maratha power in other provinces of India as Malava, Gujarat, Bundelkhand etc. During Balaji Baji Rao’s reign the Marathas extended their authority in many parts of India. By 1752 even the Mughal emperors and wazirs accepted the Maratha dominance. However, in 1761 in Third Battle of Panipat the Marathas had to face a defeat. The British fought thrice against the Marathas and finally brought them under their control ever though the greatest power of India were Marathas.
2. The Jat: In Mathura the Jats led by Gokul revolted against Aurangzeb’s religious policy. Later the Jat empire was established under the leadership of Badan Singh. However the Jats became a strong power under the leadership of Maharaja Surajmal. Their capital was Bharatpur. They captured Mathura, Aligarh and
Doab region. The Bharatpur ruler, Ranjit Singh too had helped Maratha Yaswant Rao Holker against British. Later, the rulers of Bharatpur signed a treaty with the British.
3. Hyderabad: In the first half of the 18th century, Mansabdar of the Mughals, Nizam Chinkilich Khan merged six Mughal subas and established the state of Hyderabad. The Marathas defeated him in the Palkhed War. Later the Nizam of Hyderabad entered treaty with the British.
4. Avadh: The Mughal Subedar, Sadaat Khan became autonomous who played an important role at the time of Nadir Shah’s invasion. Later the Avadh ruler Shujao-Ud-Daula was defeated by the British in the war of Buxar and thus Avadh too was captured by the British.
5. Bengal: Murshid Kuli Khan established the Bengal state and captured Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. During the period of his successors the Marathas seized Orissa from Bengal. In 1757 in the Battle of Plassey the British commander Robert Clive defeated Siraju daula and founded the British Empire in Bengal.
6. Mysore: It was being governed by the Wadiyar dynasty. In the mid-18th century Haider Ali, captured it. He and his son Tipu Sultan were engaged in continuous struggles against the British. After four wars, the British established their control over Mysore during the last decade of the 18th century.
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