RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 6 Health and Environment

RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 6 Health and Environment

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 6 Health and Environment

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Pollution leaves its adverse effect on:
(a) Body.
(b) Mind.
(c) Thoughts.
(d) Health.
Answer:
(d).

Question 2.
Health means
(a) Beautiful body.
(b) Beautiful mind.
(c) Cleanliness.
(d) Healthy body, concentration of mind and social security.
Answer:
(d).

Question 3.
3/4th part of the Earth holds
(a) Soil.
(b) Water.
(c) Sunlight.
(d) Pollution.
Answer:
(b).

Question 4.
Felling of the trees should be banned so as to control
(a) Air pollution.
(b) Water pollution.
(c) Noise pollution.
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(a).

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks

1. Height of the …………….. fitted in the factories should be more than that of the residential accommodation.
2. Water of the ……………… is best for drinking if it is not heavy and acidic.
3. Light should reach the students from their ……………. side.
4. Ventilators let out the and windows let in the …………….. .

Answer:

1. Chimneys
2. Hand pump
3. Left
4. Carbon dioxide, Oxygen

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the causes of air pollution?
Answer:
Vehicular emissions, Industrialization, Felling of trees, Use of Pesticides, Unhealthy Sanitary conditions.

Question 2.
Write a brief note on rain water storage.
Answer:
Water from the initial two or three rains is polluted due to presence of dust particles in it. After two or three rounds the rain water becomes pure. It was a practice in Rajasthan to collect this water in the tanks to be used for the whole year. This practice of collecting the rain water by different means can solve the problem.

Question 3.
What are the effects of air pollution?
Answer:
Effects of Air Pollution: The polluted air may make man victim of various diseases such as cough, lung cancer, pneumonia, asthma or bronchitis.

Question 4.
Write a brief note on clean toilets.
Answer:
Toilets should be kept neat and clean by getting them washed with disinfectants because dirty toilets become the cause of many infectious diseases.

Question 5.
What are adverse effects of noise pollution.
Answer:
Effects of Noise Pollution:

1. It can damage heart, increase blood cholesterdl level and blood pressure too.
2. It dilates the cerebral blood vessels resulting in headache.
3. Continuous exposure to noise pollution may lead to deafness.
4. It may cause many physical ailments like growth of ulcer, paralysis, insanity etc.
5. Mental tension resulting from noise pollution may lead to lack of concentration.
6. Psychological effects of noise pollution are stomach disorder, reduced hormonal secretions etc.
7. Noise pollution may develop the habits of intolerance, and stress. As a result, social relations become bitter. ‘

Question 6.
How have Locke and Mary Backer defined health?
Answer:
According to Locke, “Healthy mind can reside only in healthy body”.
In the words of Mary Backer, “National prosperity depends upon the best human beings”.

Question 7.
Which gases are responsible for polluting the air?
Answer:
Various air pollutants are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, fluorides, smoke, ozone, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, pollen and microbes, pesticides, oxides of nitrogen, dust, iron-filings etc.

Question 8.
What are the uses of water-sewage system?
Answer:
Water disposal system should be proper and adequate because:

1. It will remove the human excreta easily.
2. There will be no need for manual labour.
3. It is an easy and cheap method.
4. Mosquitoes and flies may breed over the human excreta.
5. There are minimum chances of spread of diseases.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What does the term health imply?
Answer:
“Health is the state of complete physical fitness and mental well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.
Health is related with the healthy community environment. Community is formed of the individuals and an individual is a unit of the society. The society can be healthy only if its members are keeping good health and they live in healthy environment—external and internal. Cleanliness is the best means to promote good health. It is the man who adopts all means to keep the environment clean and he removes all health hazards.

He attempts to keep not only the surroundings clean but also to develop the natural beauty. The environment which includes climate, temperature, social and cultural factors, affects the physical fitness of a person. The interaction between man and his surroundings is very important. The basic aim for man is prevention of diseases through improvement in environments through better housing, better ventilation, pure water supply and removal and disposal of refuse and sewerage system.

Question 2.
What is the significance of health?
Answer:
Health is related with the healthy community environment. Community is formed of the individuals and an individual is a unit of the society. The society can be healthy only if its members are keeping good health and they live in healthy environment—external and internal. Cleanliness is the best means to promote good health. It is the man who adopts all means to keep the environment clean and he removes all health hazards. He attempts to keep not only the surroundings clean but also to develop the natural beauty.

Good environments are useful for personal health. Open air, well ventilated room, greenery and open space lead to better respiration and better digestion. Suffocation, dirt, polluted air etc. decrease the functional capacity of the human body. Happy social environment inspires and motivates the human mind to act efficiently. On the other hand domination, confrontation and tension deteriorate the mental health leading to physical weakness. Lovable atmosphere at home, in neighbourhood, at office, at social gatherings add to the zest and zeal in life.

Question 3.
Explain briefly different types of pollution.
Answer:
Air pollution:
Air is a mixture of various gases in a particular ratio. Whenever the ratio of these gases becomes imbalanced or if there is an addition of particular substances, foreign material or gases in the air, which may be harmful, the air is said to be polluted. Various air pollutants are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, fluorides, smoke, ozone, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, pollen and microbes, pesticides, oxides of nitrogen, dust, iron-filings etc.
Water pollution:
Water becomes polluted when it changes in its quality and composition directly or indirectly by man’s activity, making it less suitable for drinking, domestic and other purposes.
Noise pollution:
When there is too much noise in the environment it is harmful for human hearing. Noise pollution may be caused by industries, horns of vehicles, music systems and construction activity.

Question 4.
What is the importance of health education in schools?
Answer:
Schools have to maintain a health environment. This helps in the children keeping good health. The classes and the surroundings must be kept clean. Students are the future citizens of this country. If health education is imparted from school level it will be easy for the students to maintain cleanliness when they grow up and become citizens of the country. People have to live a healthy life without any disease and illness. Only then the country will become strong. So health education is very necessary for students in schools.

Question 5.
What does school environment mean? What is its significance for the students?
Answer:
The concept of School Environment is interpreted in terms of location of school i.e., its surroundings, direction, provision for light, air etc. playground and the health related facilities such as disposal of wastes, water outlets, cleanliness, water and electricity. The school having healthy and suitable environment promotes healthy physical and mental development of its children. Some of these factors are considered while selecting the location for starting the school and others are kept in view at the time of constructing the school building.

Question 6.
Which health related facilities should be made available in the schools?
Answer:

1. Clean toilets:
   Toilets should be kept neat and clean by getting them washed with disinfectants because dirty toilets become the cause of many infectious diseases.
2. Water Disposal System should be proper and adequate because:
   1. It will remove the human excreta easily.
   2. There will be no need for manual labour.
   3. It is an easy and cheap method.
   4. Mosquitoes and flies do not breed over the human excreta.
   5. There are minimum chances of spread of diseases.
3. Removal or Disposal of the School Refuse:
   School refuse should be collected in containers from where it should be shifted to the municipal vans which are emptied in the far off places (away from residential area) where it is buried in the ground. Thus: 
   1. The school remains clean and tidy.
   2. Untidy things are removed and thrown out.
   3. Diseases are avoided.
   4. Environment remains healthy.
   5. Schools give beautiful and neat look.
   6. Flies and mosquitoes do not breed.
   7. Children grow and develop in healthy atmosphere.

Question 7.
What are the sources of water? Explain them with special reference to their pollution and the remedial measures of water pollution.
Answer:
Effects of Water Pollution:
The effects of water pollution depend upon the nature of pollutants present in water. Pollutants bring about physical and chemical changes that make the water unfit for drinking and also harmful to the organisms present in it. Water is generally polluted in its sources as rivers, tanks, springs etc.
The major sources of water are:

1. Rain Water:
   Water from the initial two or three rains is polluted due to presence of dust particles in it. After two or three rounds the rain water becomes pure. It was a practice in Rajasthan to collect this water in the tanks to be used for the whole year. This practice of collecting the rain water by different means can solve the problem.
2. Hand Pump Water:
   Hand pump water is best for drinking provided it is not heavy and acidic.
3. Tank-Water:
   Water is collected in the tanks from rain or hills. It is used by human beings as well as animals and also for irrigation. The tank water is not pure. Hence, it should be boiled or sieved before using for drinking purposes.
4. River Water:
   Rivers flow fast and their water remains in contact with air, hence at their source the water is pure but it becomes polluted due to the poisonous hilly vegetations and mixing of water from city drains.
5. Well Water:
   Well water especially water from deep wells is pure. Its purity should be conserved by adding alum or lime or Potassium Permanganate in it every month.

General remedial suggestions for water pollution:

1. Septic tanks should be used in each house.
2. Industrial wastes should not be thrown into the rivers.
3. Use of pesticides like D.D.T should be restricted.
4. Plastic bags, waste food materials etc. should not be thrown into open drains.
5. Rivers should not be used for bathing or washing purposes.
6. Waste products, so far as possible, should be recycled.

Question 8.
Explain the main causes of air pollution.
Answer:
Causes of air pollution are:

1. Transportation:
   The number of vehicles on the roads of the cities is increasing day by day. The smoke emitted from them poison the atmosphere. They use diesel and petrol. They not only produce the poisonous gases but also use the atmospheric oxygen. It is therefore, necessary to check the air pollutants.
2. Industrialisation:
   Rapid industrialisation has become responsible for producing various poisonous gases as carbon monoxide, sulphur oxide etc which are harmful for the human beings as well as the crops. Hence it is suggested that industries should be located far away from the residential areas.
3. Felling of Trees:
   Trees help to maintain balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Trend towards felling of trees has increased under the
   pretext of more development. Consequently, carbon dioxide gas is increasing and ratio of oxygen is decreasing, resulting into imbalance in the atmospheric gases.
4. Use of Pesticides:
   Nowadays various pesticides are used in large quantities to protect the crops from various insects, fungi and rodents.Too much use of pesticides, however, pollutes the atmosphere.
5. Unhealthy sanitary conditions:
   Heaps of rubbish are found lying in the residential areas. This leads to the pollution of surrounding air. Hence, the domestic waste and rubbish should be disposed of without causing pollution.
6. Animal corpse, dry leaves of trees and plants and domestic refuse and wastes also pollute the air.
7. Burning of domestic fuel and microbes are also the pollutants.
8. Emission from automobiles leads to pollution of air.
9. In the absence of proper ventilation at homes, in factories and other working places amount of carbon dioxide increases and that of oxygen decreases.
10. Other air pollutants are oxides of nitrogen, fluorides, ozone, smoke fog, etc.

Question 9.
Which factors should be kept in mind while constructing the school building regarding location, playground, air and sun light?
Answer:
Neighbourhood or Surroundings: The following considerations should be kept in mind while selecting the land for raising the school building:

1. Open and airy.
2. Centrally located.
3. Away from railway stations and factories.
4. Away from slums and places of refuse storages.
5. Open to sunlight.
6. Equipped with wide playground.

Direction of the school building:
While constructing the school building, care should be taken to keep provision for sufficient natural sunlight and air.
Seating Arrangement in the school:
The type of furniture for children and its arrangement in the classrooms too leave a great impact on the development of children and in particular their interest in studies.
The points to be kept in mind regarding the school furniture are:

1. Wooden chairs with broad seats and rounded comers.
2. Arrangement of wooden desks separately for each child and to be placed at reasonable distance from each other.
3. Cleanliness of the class rooms.
4. Airy and well lighted rooms.

Playground in the Schools:
Playground is an integral part of the school games and sports. They strengthen the body, muscles of the children and imbibe them with fresh zest and zeal. Heart and lungs muscles are strengthened. Games refresh the children by removing their physical and mental fatigue.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which of the following is an air pollutant?
(a) Carbon monoxide
(b) Plastic waste
(c) Sewerage
(d) Garbage
Answer:
(a).

Question 2.
Pick the odd one out from the following:
(a) Loudspeaker
(b) Music system
(c) Vehicle horn
(d) Smoke
Answer:
(d).

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the definition of health according to World Health Organisation (W.H.O)?
Answer:
Health is the state of complete fitness and mental well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 2.
Name a few substances that cause air pollution.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, smoke, dust, ozone, pollen and microbes, oxides of nitrogen etc.

Question 3.
Name a few matters of environmental concern for policy makers.
Answer:
Global warming, depletion of ozone layer, water pollution, air pollution, drought, destruction of forests etc.

Question 4.
Name some of the diseases caused by air pollution.
Answer:

1. Long cancer,
2. Asthma,
3. Cough,
4. Eye infections,
5. Tuberculosis,
6. Bird flu etc.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
What is air pollution? Describe some measures in detail to control air pollution.
Answer:
Air is a mixture of various gases in a particular ratio. Whenever the ratio of these gases become imbalanced or there is addition of harmful substances, the air is said to be polluted.
Measures to control air pollution:

1. Industrial areas should be established at a distance away from residential areas.
2. Automobiles should be fitted with emission control measures.
3. Trains should be made to run with electric engines.
4. Minimum use of vehicles should be made.
5. Destruction of forests should be stopped.
6. Public should be educated in pollution control measures.
7. People should be discouraged from burning garbage.
8. Factories emitting smoke must adopt pollution control measures.

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