RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Main Natural Resources

RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Main Natural Resources

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 12 Main Natural Resources

Textbook Questions Solved

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1:
Which of the following is associated with Khejrali sacrifice?
(a) Baba Apte
(b) Sunderlal Bahuguna
(c) Arundhati Rai
(d) Amrita Devi
Answer:
(d) Amrita Devi

Question 2:
Which of the following is the reason for shortage of groundwater?
(a) Pollution of water reservoirs
(b) Exploitation of groundwater
(c) Increased demand of water
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 3:
Red Data Book is related to which of the following?
(a) Endangered wildlife
(b) Rare species
(c) Extinct species
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 4:
Sariska Sanctuary is situated near which town?
(a) Alwar
(b) Jodhpur
(c) Jaipur
(d) Ajmer
Answer:
(a) Alwar

Question 5:
Which type of coal has maximum carbon content?
(a) Peat
(b) Lignite
(c) Anthracite
(d) Bituminous
Answer:
(c) Anthracite

 Main Natural Resources Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 6:
What do you understand by endangered species?
Answer:
A species which is on the verge of extinction is called endangered species.

Question 7:
What is national park?
Answer:
National Parks are places where wildlife, natural resources and environment are given protection. Grazing of animals is completely banned in national parks.

Question 8:
Name different methods of irrigation.
Answer:
Canal, tube well, sprinkler, drip irrigation, etc.

Question 9:
Flying squirrel is found in which sanctuary?
Answer:
Sita Mata, Pratapgarh

Question 10:
Write the names of components of petroleum.
Answer:
Petrol, diesel, kerosene, petroleum jelly (vaseline), lubricant, etc.

Main Natural Resources Short Answer Type Questions

Question 11:
Explain three principles of water conservation and management.
Answer:
Three principles of conservation and management of water are as follows:
(a) Ensure availability of water: This helps in providing adequate access of water to majority of people.
(b) Prevent pollution of water: This helps in providing safe drinking water to people and cattle.
(c) Recycling of wastewater: This helps in reusing wastewater for various purposes.

Question 12:
What is social forestry?
Answer:
Social fores,try is facilitated by the people and is meant for the people. ¡t has following components:
(a) Agro forestry
(h) Plantation of trees on public places by government
(c) Participation of people in plantation drive

Question 13:
Write the names of different types of coal.
Answer:
Four types of coal are as follows:

Question 14:
What is the meaning of sustainable development?
Answer:
Development does not need to be at the cost of environment. Development which can be sustained in the long run without damaging the environment is called sustainable development. Sustainable development would ensure availability of natural resources for many generations to come.

Question 15:
What is the meaning of wildlife conservation?
Answer:
Wildlife is an integral part of the ecosystem around us. The whole ecosystem would be destroyed if wildlife is not conserved. Hence, wildlife conservation is very important for survival of all kinds of life on the earth. Taking suitable measures to protect wildlife is called conservation of wild life.

Main Natural Resources Long Answer Type Questions

Question 16:
Write different methods of water conservation and management.
Answer:
Following steps can be taken to conserve water:

• Water should he declared as national property so that effective management of water resources can be done.
• Rainwater harvesting should be promoted aggressively.
• Prevent wastage of water during domestic use.
• Avoid exploitation of groundwater.
• Prevent pollution of water.
• Wastewater should be treated and recycled.
• River linking can help in flood control and in better management
• Use drip irrigation or sprinkler system for saving water.

Question 17:
Comment on methods of wildlife conservation.
Answer:
Following methods can be used for conservation of wildlife:

• Ratio of deforestation and afforestation should be same.
• Monoculture plantation should be avoided at all costs.
• Certain areas should be declared as protected forests so that wildlife can be protected.
• Poaching should be strictly banned and laws for this should be strictly implemented.
• Endangered species should be given special care so that their population can grow.
• All stakeholders should be brought under the conservation programmes so that people participation can be ensured in conservation efforts.

Question 18:
Explain the reasons for reduction in wildlife.
Answer:
Following are the reasons for reduction of wildlife:

• Reduction in Natural Habitat: Because of increase in human population and resultant development activities, natural habitat for wildlife has reduced significantly.
• Illegal Poathing: Illegal poaching is still rampant in many areas. This has significantly reduced the number of many species.
• Pollution: Environmental pollution has damaged the environment. This has adversely affected the forest area, resulting in reduced population of some wildlife species.
• Mega Dams: Many mega dams have been built. It has destroyed the forests in catchment area which has wiped off many wildlife species.
• Mining: Mining has removed forest cover from many areas, especially in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, etc. It has adversely affected the wildlife population.

Question 19:
Explain various traditional methods of water harvesting in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Following are the traditional methods of water harvesting in Rajasthan:

• Khadin: It is a temporary pond made of soil which is made below a slope. Two sides are surrounded by clay walls and third side is surrounded by stone wall. Rainwater fills khadin with water. When khadin becomes dry, it is used for farming.
• Pond: Pond is another important traditional method of rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan. Separate ponds were made for men and women. There used to be a well at the centre of pond, and it was called beri. This is still in use at some places and facilitates in recharging the groundwater.
• Lake: There are many natural and artificial lakes in Rajasthan. Lakes also help in rainwater harvesting. The water from lake helps in recharging many aquifers like wells, baoli, tanka, etc.
• Baoli: Baolis are synonymous with Rajasthan. Steps were made for climbing down into a baoli. Many beautiful motifs were also made on baolis.
• Toba: Toba is a traditional method of water harvesting in the Thar desert. It is in the shape of nadi but is deeper than a nadi.

Question 20:
Write an essay on Chipko Movement.
Answer:
Chipko Movement was a decisive movement towards conservation of forest. The main purpose of this movement was to prevent contractor from felling trees. This movement first began in Khejrali village of Jodhpur district in Rajasthan. Khejrali was the village where Amrita Devi sacrificed her life along with 363 Bishnoi men, women and children.
It was 1730 AD when the king of Jodhpur felt the need for timber to construct his palace. King’s men reached Khejrali village and started chopping the Khejri trees. Hearing the commotion, Amrita Devi, along with her three daughters, came on the scene and requested the soldiers not to cut the trees. When the soldiers refused to listen to her demand, Amrita Devi and her daughters hugged the trees in order to save them. The cruel soldiers chopped them along with the trees. The news spread like a wild fire in the village and in surrounding areas. People made a beeline to hug the trees and ended up sacrificing their life. Thus, 363 people sacrificed their life. The Bishnois are dedicated to protection of forest and wildlife even today. On the line of Khejrali incidence, women of Uttarakhand started Chipko Movement in 1973. This movement lasted for 8 years and forced the government to take decisive step. In 1981, the government banned felling of trees which grow at more than 1000 m height. Sunderlal Bahuguna led the Chipko Movement.

Question 21:
What do you mean by natural resources? Explain different types of natural resources.
Answer:
Anything which can be used for our benefit is called a resource. A resource coming from nature is called natural resource. Resources are classified on different criteria.
Resources on the basis of development and usage:

• Developed Resources: A resource which is being used at present is called a developed resource, e.g .coal and petroleum.
• Potential Resources: A resource about which no data is available and is not being used currently is called a potential resource. For example; uranium in Ladakh.

Resources on the basis of origin:

• Biotic Resource: A resource which comes from any organism is called a biotic resource, e.g. firewood, fruits, timber, etc.
• Abiotic Resource: A resource which comes from non-living things is called abiotic resource, e.g. iron, coal, limestone, etc.

Resources on the basis of distribution:

• Local Resource: A resource which is found at selected places is called a local resource, e.g. diamond mines in Africa.
• Universal Resource: A resource which is found all over the world is called universal resource, e.g. air and water.

Resources on the basis of renewabiltiy:

• Renewable Resources: A resource which can be reused or which can be renewed in foreseeable future is called renewable resource. Examples: solar energy, wind energy, etc.
• Non-renewable Resources: A resource which cannot be renewed in foreseeable future is called non-renewable resource. Examples: coal, petroleum and natural gas.

Question 22:
Explain the types of species which are classified by IUCN.
Answer:
IUCN classification shows following types of species:

• Extinct Species: A species which no longer exists on the earth is called an extinct species,
  e.g dianosaur.
•  Endangered Species: A species which is on the verge of extinction is called endangered species,
  e.g. rhino, Asiatic lion, etc.
• Vulnerable Species: If the population of a species has reduced to such a level that it may become endangered, then it is called vulnerable species,
  e.g. Gangetic dolphin.
• Rare Species: If population of a species is so low that it may become vulnerable or endangered, it is called rare species, e.g. Asiatic buffalo.
• Unknown Species: Some species are living on the earth but we do not have sufficient information about them. Such species is called unknown species.

Main Natural Resources Additional Questions Solved

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1:
Floods can be prevented by
(a) afforestation
(b) removing top soil
(c) deforestation
(d) agriculture
Answer:
(a) afforestation

Question 2:
What is the name given for replenishment of forest?
(a) afforestation
(b) silviculture
(c) deforestation
(d) sericulture
Answer:
(a) afforestation

Question 3:
Why should we conserve forest and wild life?
(a) To protect biodiversity
(b) To maintain ecosystem
(c) To maintain balance
(d) To continue food chain
Answer:
(b)To maintain ecosystem

Question 4:
Water harvesting is a method which
(a) Increase ground water level
(b) Not practiced in modem days
(c) Has no relation with ground water
(d) Decrease ground water level
Answer:
(a) Increase ground water level

Question 5:
The movement that focuses on ecological conservation is
(a) Chipko movement
(b) Silent valley project
(c) Green revolution
(d) Operation flood
Answer:
(a) Chipko movement

Question 6:
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
(a) Petrol
(b) CNG
(c) LPG
(d) Water
Answer:
(d) Water

Question 7:
Which of the following resource need to be used in a sustainable manner?
(a) Solar energy
(b) Petroleum
(c) Water
(d) Bio gas
Answer:
(b) Petroleum

Question 8:
In which village Chipko Movement was started?
(a) Khurja village
(b) Khejrali village
(c) Kaithal village
(d) Siraspur
Answer:
(b) Khejrapi village

Question 9:
For which of following activity did Amrita Devi Bishnoi sacrificed her life with 363 people?
(a) to protect river
(b) to save trees
(c) to save crops
(d) to save wild life
Answer:
(b) to save trees

Main Natural Resources Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1:
What is a natural resource?
Answer:
All the material we obtain from nature and use it is called natural resource.

Question 2:
Name two important natural resources.
Answer:
Forest, Water, Wildlife.

Question 3:
Why fossil fuels should be used judiciously?
Answer:
It is because these resources are limited, non-renewable and polluting.

Question 4:
Who started the “Chipko Movement”?
Answer:
Sunderlal Bahuguna.

Question 5:
Name the main constituents of coal and petroleum.
Answer:
Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur.

Main Natural Resources Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1:
Why do we need to use our resources carefully?
Answer:
It is because these resources are limited and the human population is increasing at very fast rate, the demand for these resources is increasing. For long term usage and to preserve them we need to use our resources carefully.

Question 2:
What is water harvesting? What is the main purpose of water harvesting?
Answer:
Rain water harvesting is collecting the rain water, allowing it to percolate, discharge down the earth and increase the ground water level. It is done to manage water.

Question 3:
Write two advantages of classifying sources as renewable and non-renewable.
Answer:
Classification of resources helps us in deciding the kind of resource we should use judiciously and wisely. The resource that is not limited and present in plenty can be used as an alternate for the limited resources. It also helps us to know the importance of using renewable source of energy.

Question 4:
Give three changes you will make to stop or lower the use of coal and petroleum.
Answer:
(i) Switch off lights when not required, and use CFL bulbs.
(ii) Not to use petrol fuel vehicles instead opt for CNG.
(iii) Use cycle or walk to go short distances.

Question 5:
List two traditional system of water harvesting.
Answer:
Khadin: It is a temporary pond made of soil which is made below a slope. Two sides are surrounded by clay walls and third side is surrounded by stone wall. Rainwater fills khadin with water. When khadin becomes dry, it is used for farming.
Pond: Pond’is another important traditional method of rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan. Separate ponds were made for men and women. There used to be a well at the centre of pond, and it was called beri. This is still in use at some places and facilitates in recharging the groundwater.

Question 6:
What are natural resources? State two ways for conservation of resources.
Answer:
The resources obtained from the earth and which are naturally occuring are called natural resources.
Two ways are as follows:

• Search for alternate options for limited resources.
• Never use limited resources mindlessly, they should be used on the basis of relative priority.

Question 7:
Why must we conserve our forests? List any two causes for deforestation taking place.
Answer:
We must conserve our forest as they are very useful.
(i) It conserves soil by preventing soil erosion, prevents flood and holds lot of water, maintains ground level of water and brings rainfall.
(ii) It provides lot of raw material for many industries like timber, sal, wood, bidi, tendu leaves, coir etc.
Two causes of deforestation:
(a) Exploitation by industries.
(b) Due to increase in population, lot of forest land is converted to build roads and dams for the infrastructure development. Pressure of human settlement is also a major cause.

Question 8:
What is Chipko Movement? Why should we conserve forests?
Answer:
It is the movement initiated by local people in the Khejrali Village of Jodhpur by preventing the cutting down of trees by hugging the trees. It was initiated by Sunder Lai Bahuguna to stop the commercial exploitation of forest.
We should conserve forest because it is of great benefit to us as it holds soil, water, prevents floods, brings rain fall, maintain ecological balance on the earth.

Question 9:
How do advantages of exploiting natural resources with short-term aims differ from the advantages of managing our resources with a long-term perspective?
Answer:
Exploitation of natural resources with short-term aims means exploiting it for need, money and make them extinct but using the same resources with a long-term perspective means managing the resources wisely, judiciously and using them in such a manner that they are present for future generations to come i.e., sustainable management.

Question 10:
What is wild life? How is wild life important for us?
Answer:
Wild life means all the animals and plants that grow and live in forest, grow naturally, are not cultivated, domesticated and tamed.
Importance of wildlife:

1. They help in maintaining ecological balance.
2. They provide aesthetic value for human beings.

Question 11:
List any two causes of our failure to sustain availability of underground water.
Answer:
Two causes which led to the failure of sustaining the availability of underground water are:

1. Population: With the increase in population the demand is also increasing which is depleting the underground water.
2. Industrialisation: As the industries need more water to manufacture its goods, this led to decrease in the level of underground water.

Main Natural Resources Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1:
What is sustainable development? Explain it with respect to forest, wildlife and water resources.
Answer:
Sustainable development is the proper management of natural resources, using it wisely and judiciously so that it is available for the coming generations also.
The population is increasing, demand for these resources is also increasing but they are limited in nature.The management would prevent the exploitation of these resources and keep them available for future generations.

• Forest – Many industries like timber, wood bidi, tendu leaves etc are dependent on the trees in the forest. They keep cutting the trees for use. This need to be managed properly and checked that new plantation of trees take place, animals are not harmed and are preserved.
• Wildlife – All animals in the forest are disturbed due to the intervention of people into the forest. They are also killed for trade of skin, fur, tusk horn etc. If the animals in the forest are not managed then they will get extinct which will disturb the ecological balance of the earth.
• Water Resources – The main water resources are rivers, lake, ponds, underground water. The sources of water are getting polluted and the underground water is also discharged, used and the level of water is declining. Hence the recharge of water under the ground by rain water harvesting is necessary.

Question 2:
(i) What is social forestry?
(ii) Comment on integrated watershed management.
Answer:
(i) There is a need for afforestation on about one crore hectare of encroached land, to ensure ecological balance. This target can be achieved through social forestry. This will not only help in increasing forest cover but also in creating new avenues of employment. Before the implementation of National Forest Policy, the National Agriculture Commission had mooted the idea of social forestry so that forest cover could be increased and supply of fodder, firewood and secondary forest produce could be ensured for villager. Social forestry was accepted as the programme which was for the people, by the people and of the people.
There are three components of social forestry:

1. Agro-forestry
2. Plantation of trees for the community at public places like canals, roads, hospitals, etc.
3. Plantation of trees at public land by villagers.

(ii) Watershed management includes combined application of agricultural, forestry and technological practices. A watershed is an area from which water flows out in only one direction. This is a unit of landform, a basin of tributary, which can be ideally utilized for integrated development of a small area. Watershed management involves the concept of all around development, which includes conservation of soil, humidity, flood control, water harvesting, plantation, development of pasture, social forestry, etc. The watersheci management programme is coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development, Environment & Forest.

Question 3:
Describe about protected areas made to conserve wildlife.
Answer:
Some protected areas have been made to conserve wildlife. National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuary and Biosphere Reserve are main examples of protected areas.
National Park is a natural area where wildlife, natural remains and environment are given protection. Grazing is completely prohibited in a national park. Private agencies cannot enter a national park for private work. Some portion of national park is developed with an aim of promoting tourism. The control, management and policy making of national parks is under the central government.

A sanctuary is a protected area where there is complete ban on hunting of animals. A private agency is given a permission to enter a sanctuary only when its activity is creative and is not going to have negative effect on wildlife. Some of the wildlife sanctuaries in India are as follows.
A biosphere reserve is an area which is declared as peaceful areas for scientific research. There are 669 biosphere reserves in 128 countries; out of which 18 biosphere reserves are in India. The first biosphere reserve came into existence in 1986 in Nilgiri.