RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Waste and its Management

RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Waste and its Management

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 13 Waste and its Management

Textbook Questions Solved

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1:
Which method is ideal for the management of bio-medical waste?
(a) Landfill
(b) Incineration
(c) Recycling
(d) Disposal in water bodies
Answer:
(b) Incineration

Question 2:
Recycling is ideal for which type of waste?
(a) Metallic waste
(b) Medical waste
(c) Household waste
(d) Agricultural waste
Answer:
(a) Metallic waste

Question 3:
Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
(a) Hydrogen
(b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Sulphur dioxide
Answer:
(c) Carbon dioxide

Question 4:
What is the average amount of waste per person in big cities of India?
(a) 0.1 kg
(b) 0.1 – 0.2 kg
(c) 0.2 – 0.4 kg
(d) 0.4 – 0.6 kg
Answer:
(d) 0.4 – 0.6 kg

Question 5:
Which of the following can be turned into organic manure?
(a) Household waste
(b) Agricultural waste
(c) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’

Waste and its Management Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 6:
How is biogas made?
Answer:
Biogas is made bv decomposition of farm waste and some domestic waste.

Question 7:
What is waste?
Answer:
Useless product at the end of any process is called waste.

Question 8:
Write the names of greenhouse gases.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide and methane

Question 9:
What is vermicompost?
Answer:
Compost which is prepared with help from earthworms is called vermicompost.

Question 10:
Which diseases are spread by stagnant water in drainage?
Answer:
Malaria, dengue

Waste and its Management Short Answer Type Questions

Question 11:
Explain waste management.
Answer:
The practice of transportation and dumping of waste, recycling of useful material from waste, etc. are integral part of waste management. Different types of waste need different kinds of management practices. Waste management is highly important for a comfortable and disease-free life in cities and villages.

Question 12:
What do you understand by solid waste?
Answer:
Waste which is in solid form is called solid waste. Management of solid waste requires a different approach. One needs to physically transport solid waste to the dumping site. A huge amount of manpower and capital is required for management of solid waste.

Question 13:
Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
Answer:

Question 14:
What do you understand by landfill?
Answer:
Waste is dumped at landfill sites. When amount of waste attains a significant figure, it is covered with soil. After that, waste is allowed to decompose. Pipeline system is installed in landfill to channelize and utilize the methane gas which is produced during decomposition. This gas is utilized for power generation at many places. A landfill site is usually developed outside the city limits.

Question 15:
What is the meaning of recycling?
Answer:
Recyling is the process of treatment of discarded material to make it available fo resue. Certain items from waste are segregated for recycling. Items like plastic, aluminium cans, metals, etc. are sent to recycling unit so that new items can be made from them. This not only helps in reducing the amount of waste but also in conservation of resources.

Question 16:
What is the use of incineration?
Answer:
In this method, waste is burnt under controlled conditions so that production of polluting gases can be minimized. This method is ideal for places where land is in short supply. This method is also ideal for disposing off the medical waste.

Waste and its Management Long Answer Type Questions

Question 17:
Explain different types of waste.
Answer:
Waste can be solid, liquid or gas but on the basis of ability to undergo decomposition, waste is classified into two types.

• Biodegradable Waste: Waste which can be decomposed by biological factors is called biodegradable waste, e.g. fruit peels, stale food, paper, etc. Biodegradable is generally environment-friendly. Biogas is produced on decomposition of biodegradable waste. This biogas can be utilized for many purposes like as domestic fuel, for power generation, etc. Non-
• biodegradable Waste: Waste which cannot be decomposed by biological factors is called non-biodegradable waste, e.g. aluminium can, polythene bag, etc. Non-biodegradable waste is generally harmful for environment. However, many non-biodegradable waste can be recycled to make useful products.

Question 18:
Write an essay on waste management.
Answer:
The practice of transportation and dumping of waste, recycling of useful material from waste, etc. are integral part of waste management. Different types of waste need different kinds of management practices. While gaseous waste goes up in air on its own, we need to make proper drainage system for handling liquid waste. For handling solid waste, we need a proper system of transportation and people. Even a small village produces a large amount of waste per day. Daily production of garbage could be in thousands of tons in mega cities.

Methods of Waste Management:

1. Landfill: Waste is dumped at landfill site. When amount of waste attains a significant figure, it is covered with soil. After that, waste is allowed to decompose. Pipeline system is installed in landfill to channelize and utilize the methane gas which is produced during decomposition. This gas is utilized for power generation at many places. A landfill site is usually developed outside the city limits.
2. Incineration: In this method, waste is burnt under controlled conditions so that production of polluting gases can be minimized. This method is ideal for places where land is in short supply. This method is also ideal for disposing off the medical waste.
3. Recycling: Certain items from waste are segregated for recycling. Items like plastic, aluminium cans, metals, etc. are sent to recycling unit so that new items can be made from them. This not only helps in reducing the amount of waste but also in conservation of resources.
4. Chemical Methods: Many wastes can be managed by using chemical methods.

Question 19:
Write an essay on sources of waste.
Answer:
Following are different sources of waste:

• Household Source: Paper, cardboard, fruit peels, vegetable peels, soapy water, rags, etc.
• Municipality: Municipality looks after management of solid and liquid waste from households, offices and factories. Municipal waste also includes human excreta.
• Industry and Mining: Many harmful wastes are produced by industries, e.g. harmful chemicals, grease, etc. Mining activity also produces wastes like dust.
• Agriculture: Hay, dry leaves, husk, cowdung, etc. are examples of farm waste.
• Medical Waste: Hospitals produce many wastes like syringe, cotton, bandage, catheters, strips, etc. Some of the hospital waste may contain harmful germs.

Question 20:
Make a list of various wastes from your surroundings and classify them.
Answer:

Question 21:
What will you do for waste management in your village or neighbourhood?
Answer:
I will take following steps for waste management in my neighbourhood:

• I will urge people to use garbage bins for throwing garbage. I will organize awareness campaign for this.
• I will request the municipal authorities for regular maintenance of drainage system.
• I will take a team of volunteers for ‘Swachhata Abhiyan’ on a weekly basis.
• I will educate people on benefits of segregating waste so that some items can be recycles.

Waste and its Management Additional Questions Solved

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1:
Which of the following poses the risk of more number of diseases than any other?
(a) Domestic waste
(b) Hospital waste
(c) Farm waste
(d) Industrial waste
Answer:
(b) Hospital waste

Question 2:
Which of the following is biodegradable waste?
(a) Polythene bag
(b) Aluminium can
(c) Fruit peel
(d) Plastic furniture
Answer:
(c) Fruit peel

Question 3:
Which gas is produced on decomposition of farm waste?
(a) Methane
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Hydrogen
(d) Nitrogen oxide
Answer:
(a) Methane

Question 4:
Which epidemic can spread due to stagnant drainage?
(a) Jaundice
(b) Hepatitis
(c) AIDS
(d) Malaria
Answer:
(d) Malaria

Question 5:
Drinking contaminated water can cause which disease?
(a) Jaundice
(b) Cholera
(c) Diarrohea
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Waste and its Management Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1:
List some wastes which come from household.
Answer:
Paper, cardboard, fruit peels, vegetable peels, soapy water, rags, etc.

Question 2:
List some wastes from farming.
Answer:
Hay, dry leaves, husk, cowdung, etc.

Question 3:
List some pastes from hospital.
Answer:
Syringe, cotton, bandage, catheters, strips, etc.

Question 4:
What is waste management?
Answer:
The practice of transportation and dumping of waste, recycling of useful material from waste, etc. are integral part of waste management.

Question 5:
Which civic body looks after waste management in towns?
Answer:
Municipality

Waste and its Management Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1:
What is the effect of sewage on water bodies?
Answer:
Sewage from households pollutes water bodies like rivers and ponds. It is harmful for aquatic animals and plants. It also pollutes groundwater.

Question 2:
What is the need for waste management?
Answer:
Waste can keep on accumulating if not managed in time. This will make ugly site around us. Moreover, heaps of garbage can trigger many epidemics. Hence, there is a need for waste management.

Question 3:
Waste management is not efficient in small towns. Why?
Answer:
Municipalities in small towns suffer from shortage of funds. So, the contractors do not get timely payment. Even sanitation workers do not get regular salary. Due to these reasons, waste management is not efficient in small towns.

Question 4:
What were the suggestions of Shivraman Committee?
Answer:
Following are the suggestions of Shivaraman Committee:

• Installation of large garbage bins.
• Proper arrangement of management of human excreta.
• Proper system for picking up garbage in towns.
• Using incinerators for disposing off the waste.

Waste and its Management Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1:
What are the harms of waste?
Answer:
Following are the harms of waste:

• Accumulation of waste around us is not good from the point of aesthetics.
• Decomposition of waste produces methane and other harmful gases. Methane causes global warming.
• A heap of waste is the breeding ground for harmful germs, houseflies and mosquitoes. These agents can cause many epidemics.
• Hospital waste can cause serious infection to a person. HIV and Hepatitis B can spread from coming in contact with infected needle.
• Plastic waste turns the soil infertile. It chokes the drainage. Stray animals often swallow plastic and die due to choking. Prolonged exposure to plastic increases thalatus in blood which hampers the development of foetus.
• Sewage from households pollutes water bodies like rivers and ponds. It is harmful for aquatic animals and plants. It also pollutes groundwater.