RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

RBSE Class 10 Social Science Water Resources InText Questions and Answers

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Question 1.
From your everyday experiences, write a short proposal on how you can conserve water.
Answer:
Following are the ways in which water can be conserved in our daily life:
(a) Every household must look after a thing such as leaking taps faucets etc.
(b) Use tub instead of shower while bathing (to reduce indiscriminate use of water) or using shower for shorter duration.
(c) Use water in glass while brushing your teeth instead of using the water directly through taps.
(d) Use sprinklers instead of pipes for wa-tering the garden and plant.
(e) Plant morfc plants and grass so that rain-water doesn’t take away the layer of soil with it, and instead seeps through into the ground.

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Question 2.
Make a list of inter-state water disputes.
Answer:
Following is the list of inter-state water dispute:

1. Cauvery river dispute: Between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
2. Satluj Yamuna Canal: Between Haryana and Punjab.
3. Krishna Water dispute: Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Maharasthra.
4. Mahadayi River dispute: Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra.
5. Vansadhara River dispute: Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.
6. Barak River dispute: Between Assam and Manipur.
7. Mahi river dispute: Between Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.
8. Tungabhadra River dispute: Between Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

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Question 3.
Find out other rainwater harvesting systems existing in and around your locality.
Answer:
Rainwater harvesting systems in our locality are as follows:

1. Tankas,
2. Johads,
3. Khadins,
4. Well,
5. Pond,
6. Bawri,
7. Puddle,
8. Check dam,
9. Rooftop rainwater harvesting,
10. Anicutetc.

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Question 4.
Collect information on how industries are polluting our water resources.
Answer:
Industries are polluting our water resources in the following ways:
(1) Industries require a lot of water. This is putting immense pressure on our fresh water resources.

(2) The effluent released from the industries during and at the end of the production process consists of harmful waste materials which are often untreated and discharged into the nearest reservoirs.

(3) Many chemical and metallic harmful elements such as fat, acid, alkali, salts, oil, mercury, copper, cadmium, lead etc. are present in the effluents of most industries, which severely pollute water resources.

(4) The pulp and paper industry, leather industry, pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, sugar industry, textile dying – printing industry, liquor industry, chemical industry and food processing industries discharge large quantities of harmful waste effluents into water sources and pollute the water resources.

(5) After mining of various metals, many mineral-rich soils are also mixed in the reservoirs after flowing with rain water from the open mines. This soil contains many metal ores which pollute the water bodies.

RBSE Class 10 Social Science Water Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions

(i) Based on the information given below, classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’.
(a) Region with high annual rainfall
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.
Answer:
(a) Not suffering from water scarcity.
(b) Suffering from water scarcity.
(c) Suffering from water scarcity.
(d) Suffering from water scarcity.

(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river projects?
(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.
(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scdle displacements and loss of livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.
Answer:
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

(iii) Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilisation of water resources.

(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.

(c) In’Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.

(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of ‘ rooftop rainwater harvesting has gained
popularity despite high water availability due to Indira Gandhi canal.
Answer:
(a) Multiplying urban centres with a large and dense population in urban lifestyle have not only added to water and energy requirements, but also aggravated the problem.

(b) Regulating and damming of rivers’ affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic life.

(c) In Gujarat, Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the highest priority to give to water supply in urban areas particularly during droughts.

(d) Today, in western Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline as plenty of water is available due to the perennial Indira Gandhi canal, though some houses still maintain the tanks because they do not like the taste of tap water.

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.
Answer:
Water becomes a renewable resource through the hydrological cycle. The fresh water is mainly obtained from the surface runoff and ground water that is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle.

(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes ?
Answer:
Water scarcity : Shortage of water as compared to its demand is known as water, scarcity.
Main causes of water scarcity :

1.  Growing population,
2. Commer-cialization of agriculture,
3. Industrialization,
4. Urbanization,
5. Decline in rainfall etc.

(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Answer:
Khadins and Johads:
In arid and semi-arid regions agricultural fields were converted into tain fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.

Tankas or Underground Tanks:
In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had undergound tanks or tankas for storing drinking water. The tanks could be as large as a big room; one household in Phalodi had a tank that was 6.1 metres deep, 4.27 metres long and 2.44 metres wide. The tankas were part of the well- developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down the pipe and reach the undergound ‘tankas’.

(ii) Describe how modern adap-tations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.
Answer:
1. In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the western Himalayas for agriculture.

2. Rooftop rainwater harvesting was commonly practiced to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan.

3. In the flood plains of Bengal, people develop inundation channels to irrigate their fields.

4. Agricultural fields were converted it into rainfed storage structures that allowed the water to stagnate and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer and the ‘johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.

5. In the modem period, rainwater harvesting is also being done through idle wells and hand pumps.

6. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysore, Karnataka, villagers have installed, in their houshold’s rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs.

7. In Meghalaya, a 200-year old system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamoo pipes, is prevalent. About 18-20 litres water enters the bamboo pipe system, gets transported over hundreds of metres, and finally reduces to 20-80 drops per minute at the site of the plant.

8. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is the most common practice in Shillong, Meghalaya. Nearly every household in the city has a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure. Nearly 15-25 per cent of the total water requirement of the household comes from rooftop water harvesting.