RBSE Class 12 English Grammar Changing the Narration of a Given Input

RBSE Class 12 English Grammar Changing the Narration of a Given Input

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 English Grammar Changing the Narration of a Given Input

Narration :
वक्ता (Speaker) के द्वारा कहे हुए वाक्य को ‘कथन’ (Narration) कहते हैं। Direct Speech में इसे Inverted Comma के अन्दर रखते हैं।

Direct Narration :
जब वक्ता (Speaker) द्वारा कहे हुए वाक्य को ज्यों का त्यों रखा जाये तो उसे Direct Narration कहते हैं, जैसे – He said, “I am ill.”

Indirect Narration :
यदि वक्ता (Speaker) के द्वारा कहे हुए वाक्य को ज्यों का त्यों प्रस्तुत न कर उसके कर्ता व क्रिया में नियमानुसार परिवर्तन करके प्रस्तुत किया जाये तो उसे Indirect Narration कहते हैं, जैसे – He said that he was ill.

Direct Speech के दो भाग होते हैं –

1. Reporting Speech .   2. Reported Speech
Hina said,                     “I am cooking rice.” (Direct)

उपर्युक्त वाक्य में Hina said – यह Reporting Speech है;

‘said’ शब्द Reporting verb है। ‘I am cooking rice’ यह Reported Speech है।
Reporting Speech            Reported Speech
Hina said that                  she was cooking rice.   (Indirect)
Indirect बनाने के लिए हम Reporting Verb के बाद Connective का प्रयोग करते हैं। उसके बाद कर्ता में परिवर्तन करके Verb में भी परिवर्तन करते हैं।

अर्थ की दृष्टि से Sentences पाँच प्रकार के होते हैं :
(i) Assertive
(ii) Interrogative
(iii) Imperative
(iv) Operative
(v) Exclamatory

Narration में इन भेदों को ध्यान रखना आवश्यक है। वाक्य के प्रकार को पहचाने बिना उसे नियमानुसार नहीं बदला जा सकता।

(A) Assertive Sentences

(I) Reported Speech के Pronouns में परिवर्तन करने के नियम

Narration Change Rule 1.
Direct से Indirect बनाते समय Reported Speech के First Person of Pronoun (I, my, me, mine, ue, our, us, ours) को Reporting Verb के Subject (कर्ता) के Person, Number और Gender के अनुसार बदल देते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : I said, “I do not like that book.”
   Indirect : I said that I did not like that book.
2. Direct : You said, “I am learning my lesson.”
   Indirect : You said that you were learning your lesson.
3. Direct : Sita said, “I read my book.”
   Indirect: Sita said that she read her book.
4. Direct : They said, “We want to go to Jaipur.”
   Indirect : They said that they wanted to go to Jaipur.

Narration Change Exercise For Class 12 Rule 2.
Direct से Indirect में परिवर्तन करते समय Reported Speech में आये हुए Second Person के Pronouns (You, your, yours, yourself) को Reporting Verb के Object (कर्म) के Person, Number और Gender के अनुसार बदल देते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : He said to me, “You are happy.”
   Indirect : He told me that I was happy.
2. Direct : He said to you, “You are a fool.”
   Indirect : He told you that you were a fool.
3. Direct : Ram said to him, “You are not doing any work.”
   Indirect: Ram told him that he was not doing any work.
4. Direct : He said to them, “You are very sad.”
   Indirect : He told them that they were very sad.

नोट – (a) यदि Reporting Verb के बाद किसी Object for rent TED 391 part at Reporting Verb के पश्चात् Third Person के Pronoun का प्रयोग करके Object बना देते हैं तथा उसी के अनुसार Reported Speech में प्रयुक्त Second Person के Pronoun को Third Person में बदल देते हैं, जैसे –

Direct : Ram said, “You should work hard.”
Indirect : Ram told him that he should work hard.

(b) यदि Reporting Verb का Object नहीं दिया गया हो तो Reporting Speech के Second Person के Pronoun (you) को First Person में बदल सकते है, जैसे –

Direct : Ram said, “You should work hard.”
Indirect : Ram told me that I should work hard.

अतः स्पष्ट है कि Reporting Verb का Object न होने पर Reporting Speech के Second Person के Pronoun को आशय अथवा संदर्भ के अनुसार First Person या Third Person किसी में भी बदल देते हैं। A. J. Thomson 791 A.V. Martinet of ‘A Practical English Grammar’ में दिये गये निम्न्न वाक्यों से भी यही बात प्रकट होती है –

1. Direct : He said, “What have you got in your bag ?”
   Indirect : He asked me what I had got in my bag.
2. Direct : He said, “Why didn’t you put on the brake ?”
   Indirect : He asked her why she had not put on the brake.

यदि Reported Speech में कोई Noun, Vocative Case (सम्भोधन करक के रूप) में प्रयुक्त किया गया हो तो you को उस noun के Person, Number व Gender के अनुसार बदलते हैं, जैसे –

Direct : He said, “You can go to your house, Anand.”
Indirect : He told Anand that he (Anand) could go to his house.

नरेशन इंग्लिश ग्रामर Rule 3.
Direct से Indirect Narration में परिवर्तन करते समय Reported Speech में आये हुए Third Person के Pronouns (he, she, it, they, his, her, its, their, him, them, himself, herself, themselves, hers, theirs) में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं करते है, जैसे –

1. Direct : Suresh said, “He is a clerk.”
   Indirect : Suresh said that he was a clerk.
2. Direct : I said, “She is not a good player.”
   Indirect : I said that she was not a good player.

नोट – (a) Proper Noun को सदैव Third Person में मानते हैं।
(b) अगर Reporting Verb के कर्ता और कर्म दोनों Third Person और एक ही Gender में हों तो Indirect में परिवर्तन करते समय उनके सामने कोष्ठक में उन व्यक्तियों का नाम भी लिख देते हैं, जैसे –

Direct : Nirmala said to Mira, “I shall always help you.”
Indirect : Nirmala told Mira that she (Nirmala) would always help her (Mira).

(c) यदि Direct Speech में I या ue के साथ shall हो और Indirect बनाते समय I के स्थान पर he या she तथा 0e के स्थान पर they का प्रयोग किया गया हो तो shall के स्थान पर should का प्रयोग न करके would का प्रयोग करना चाहिए (उदाहरणः नोट (b) का वाक्य)।

Pronouns के परिवर्तन के लिए निम्न तालिका को ध्यानपूर्वक पढिये –

(II) Indirect Speech में परिवर्तन करने हेतु Tense सम्बन्धी नियम
Narration Examples For Class 12 Rule 1.
यदि Reporting Verb, Present (वर्तमान) अथवा Future ( भविष्य) Tense में हो तो Reported Speech के Verb के Tense में किसी प्रकार का परिवर्तन नहीं करते है, जैसे –

1. Direct : Ram says, “Hari has gone to Agra.”
   Indirect : Ram says that Hari has gone to Agra.
2. Direct : Sohan will say, “Asha is very intelligent.”
   Indirect : Sohan will say that Asha is very intelligent.
3. Direct : He has said to me, “Ravi will join the camp.”
   Indirect : He has told me that Ravi will join the camp.

नोट – say, says या said को Indirect Speech में tell, tells या told में उस समय बदलते हैं, जब इनके बाद Object कर्म हो (उदाहरण 3) यदि say, says या said के बाद Object न हो तो उसे नहीं बदलते (उदहारण 1, 2)

Narration Class 12 Rule 2.
यदि Reporting Verb, Past Tense (भूतकाल) में हो तो Reported Speech के Tense में निम्नलिखित प्रकार से परिवर्तन किया जाता है –
(a) Present Indefinite Tense को Past Indefinite Tense में बदल दिया जाता है, जैसे –
Direct : Mohan said, “Rakesh tells a lie.”
Indirect : Mohan said that Rakesh told a lie.

(b) Present Continuous को Past Continuous में बदल देते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : Sohan said to me, “Ram is writing a book.”
Indirect : Sohan told me that Ram was writing a book.

(c) Present Perfect Tense को Past Perfect Tense में बदल देते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : Arun said, “Sandhya has completed her work.”
Indirect : Arun said that Sandhya had completed her work.

(d) Present Perfect Continuous Tense को Past Perfect Continuous Tense में बदल देते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : He said, “It has been raining since morning.”
Indirect : He said that it had been raining since morning.

(e) Past Indefinite Tense को Past Perfect Tense में बदल देते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : He said, “The horse died in the night.”
Indirect : He said that the horse had died in the night.

(f) Past Continuous Tense को Past Perfect Continuous Tense में बदल देते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : He said, “The students were learning their lessons.”
Indirect : He said that the students had been learning their lessons.

(g) Past Perfect Tense तथा Past Perfect Continuous Tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है, जैसे –
Direct : They said, “Ush had won the match.”
Indirect : They said that Usha had won the match.
Direct : She said, “Asha had been reading for two hours.”
Indirect : She said that Asha had been reading for two hours.

(h) यदि Reporting Verb भूतकाल (Past Tense) में हो तो Reported Speech में आने वाले shall/will को – ‘that clause के Subject के अनुसार should अथवा would में बदल देते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : I said, “I shall play.”
   Indirect : I said that I should play.
2. Direct : Anshu said, “Radha will see a picture.”
   Indirect : Anshu said that Radha would see a picture.

(i) यदि Reporting Verb भूतकाल (Past Tense) में हो तो Reported Speech में आने वाले can को could में तथा may को might में बदल देते हैं। परन्तु must, ought to, could, would, might, had better तथा used to में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है, जैसे –

1. Direct : I said, “I can jump into the river.”
   Indirect : I said that I could jump into the river.
2. Direct : He said, “The boy may go.”
   Indirect : He said that the boy might go.
3. Direct : The teacher said, “Ram must be awarded.”
   Indirect : The teacher said that Ram must be awarded.
4. Direct : He said to me, “Ram should have tried harder.”
   Indirect : He told me that Ram should have tried harder.
5. Direct : I said, “My teacher used to take classes regularly.”
   Indirect : I said that my teacher used to take classes regularly.
6. Direct : My father said, “The children had better go to bed early.”
   Indirect : My father said that the children had better go to bed early.
7. Direct : The police officer said, “Everyone ought to obey the rules of the road.”
   Indirect : The police officer said that everyone ought to obey the rules of the road.

(j) Imaginary condition व्यक्त करने वाले वाक्यों में Tense सम्बन्धी परिवर्तन नहीं किया जाता है।

Direct : Manoj Kumar said to Lokendra, “If I were the Prime Minister of India I would never allow terrorist activities to continue like this.”
Indirect : Manoj Kumar told Lokendra that if he were the Prime Minister of India, he would never allow terrorist activities to continue like that.

Narration Exercise For Class 12Narration 12th ClassRule 2.
के उपनियम (a) से (i) तक के tense सम्बन्धी परिवर्तनों को निम्नलिखित chart की मदद से और भी आसानी से समझ जा सकता है –

Tense सम्बन्धी नियम के अपरद (Exceptions)
निम्नलिखित दशाओं में Reporting Verb के Past Tense में होने पर भी Reported Speech का Tense नहीं

(1) जब कोई सदा सत्य रहने वाली बात (universal truth) कही जाये जैसे –

1. Direct : The teacher said, “The earth moves round the sun.”
   Indirect : The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
2. Direct : He said, “The sun rises in the east.”
   Indirect : He said that the sun rises in the east.

(2) जब कोई आदत सम्बन्धी तथ्य (habitual fact) कहा जाये जैसे –

1. Direct : Hari said to Ravi, “Dogs bark at strangers.”
   Indirect : Hari told Ravi that dogs bark at strangers.
2. Direct : The teacher said, “When the cat is away, the mice will play.”
   Indirect : The teacher said that when the cat is away, the mice will play.

(3) जब कोई लोकोक्ति (proverb) कही जाये, जैसे –
Direct : He said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
Indirect : He said that honesty is the best policy.

(4) जब किसी ऐतिहासिक (historical fact) का जिक्र हो, जैसे –
Direct : The history teacher said, “Samudragupta is called the Napoleon of India.”
Indirect : The history teacher said that Samudragupta is called the Napoleon of India.

Note : जब must का प्रयोग वर्तमान में बाध्यता के लिए गया हो तो उसे बदलकर had to कर देते है यदि मस्ट का भविष्य में बाध्यता के लिए हो तो उसे बदलकर would have कर देते है जब must का प्रयोग किसी नियम, नीति आदि की बात कहने के लिए किया गया हो तो must अपरिवर्तित रहता है।

उदहारण –

1. He said to me, “You must stop it at once.” (वर्तमान में बाध्यता) He told me that I had to stop that at once.
2. The officer said to her, “You must bring your birth certificate with you tomorrow.” (भविष्य में भध्यता) The officer told her that she would have to bring her birth certificate with her the next day.
3. The traffic inspector said to the driver, “You must always drive within the speed limit.”
   (Farma on ara aposent Fone) The traffic inspector told the driver that he must always drive within the speed limit.

Exercise 1
Change the following sentences into Reported Speech:

1. He said to me, “I have completed my work.”
2. Sita said to him, “You are very busy.”
3. The teacher said to me, “You always tell a lie.”
4. Mohan said to them, “You are good players.”
5. The boys said to me, “We shall play a match in the evening.”

Answers:

1. He told me that he had completed his work.
2. Sita told him that he was very busy.
3. The teacher told me that I always told a lie.
4. Mohan told them that they were good players.
5. The boys told me that they would play a match in the evening.

Exercise 2
Change the following sentences into Reported Speech (Indirect Narration):

1. My father said, “The sun rises in the east.”
2. The teacher said, “God helps those who help themselves.”
3. Rahim said, “Mohan has been suffering from fever for two days.”
4. Hari said to Anil, “Prem Chand wrote many novels.”
5. My mother said, “Everybody must be honest.”

Answer:

1. My father said that the sun rises in the east.
2. The teacher said that God helps those who help themselves.
3. Rahim said that Mohan had been suffering from fever for two days.
4. Hari told Anil that Prem Chand had written many novels.
5. My mother said that everybody must be honest.

(III) समय या स्थिति की निकटता सूचक शब्दों को बदलने के नियम

Narration 12th Class नियम 1.
Reported Speech में प्रयुक्त समय अथवा स्थिति की निकटता (nearness of time or position) सूचक शब्दों को निम्न प्रकार बदलते हैं –

नोट – जिस स्थान पर बात हो रही है वहां पर किसी को आना है थो indirect में come ही रहेगा।
उदहारण –

1. Direct : He said to them, “I will leave you now.”
   Indirect : He told them that he would leave them then.
2. Direct : Mohan said to Ram, “I cannot go with you till next Monday.”
   Indirect : Mohan told Ram that he could not go with him till the following Monday.
3. Direct : He said to me, “I came here yesterday.”
   Indirect : He told me that he had gone there the previous day.

Narration In English Grammar नियम 2.
यदि this,here और now आदि किसी ऐसी वस्तु या समय की और संकेत करते है, जो कहते समय वक्ता के सामने उपस्थित हो, तो Indirect बनाते समय उनमें कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है, बल्कि उन्हें ज्यों का त्यों रख देते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : He said to me, “This is my house.”
   Indirect : He told me that this (the house before him) was his house.
2. Direct : The leader says, “I am glad to be here this morning.”
   Indirect : The leader says that he is glad to be here this morning.

Person Change In Narration नियम 3.
यदि this या these का प्रयोग समय की और संकेत के लिए होता हो तो indirect में इनको that या those में ही बदलते हैं।पर यदि this या these का प्रयोग adjective की भाँति हुआ है तो indirect बनाते समय that या those के स्थान पर the का प्रयोग भी कर सकते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : They said, “We are going for a picnic this week.”
   Indirect : They said that they were going for a picnic that week.
2. Direct : Hari said, “I am preparing for the examination these days.”
   Indirect : Hari said that he was preparing for the examination those days.
3. Direct : Sita said, “I have brought this stick for my grandfather.”
   Indirect : Sita said that she had brought that stick for her grandfather.
   Or Sita said that she had brought the stick for her grandfather.

Exercise 3
Change the following sentences into Reported Speech:

1. Ram said to his friend, “My parents will go to Kashmir today.”
2. The boy said, “I have arrived here just now.”
3. He said, “I brought this chair from Bareilly.”
4. He said, “I lived here for a month.”
5. Ramesh said, “I could not deliver any lecture yesterday.”
6. He said to me, “It rained yesterday.

Answer:

1. Ram told his friend that his (Ram’s) parents would go to Kashmir that day.
2. The boy said that he had arrived there just then.
3. He said that he had brought the chair from Bareilly.
   Or, He said that he had brought that chair from Bareilly.
4. He said that he had lived there for a month.
5. Ramesh said that he could not deliver any lecture the previous day.
6. He told me that it had rained the previous day.

(IV) कुछ विशेष परिवर्तन :
1. कभी-कभी Reported Speech में कुछ Nouns Vocative Case में आ जाते हैं, Indirect Narration में परिवर्तन करते समय वे Reporting Verb के Object बन जाते है जैसे –

• Direct : The teacher said, “Raju, I shall give you a book.”
  (यहाँ Raju को Vocative case के रूप में प्रयोग किया गया है, जैसे -)
  Indirect : The teacher told Raju that he would give him a book.
• Direct : “My sons,” said the old farmer, “I am planting those trees for you.”
  Indirect : The old farmer told his sons that he was planting those trees for them.

2. यदि Inverted Commas के अन्दर सम्बोधन के शब्द (terms of address) का प्रयोग हो तो उनको Object में बदल देते हैं या फिर address …… as के बाद रकते हैं। जैसे –

• Direct : The old woman said, “Children, I am pleased with you.”
  Indirect : The old woman told the children that she was pleased with them.
• Direct : “Naughty boy,” said his mother, “you have been fighting again.”
  Indirect : Addressing her son as naughty boy, the mother said that he had been fighting again.
  Or The mother addressed her boy as naughty one and said that he had been fighting again.
• Direct : “My dear daughter,” said she, “I shall teach you Sanskrit.”
  Indirect : She affectionately told her daughter and said that she would teach her Sanskrit.

3. जिन शर्त बताने वाले (Conditional) वाक्यों से काल्पनिक अथवा अवास्तविक स्थिति का बोध होता है, उनमें अवास्तविक भूतकाल (Unreal Past Tense) का प्रयोग होता है। Indirect Speech में इनमें कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है, जैसे –

Direct : Sarala said, “If my college were near the house, I would always be in time.”
Indirect: Sarala said that if her college were near the house, she would always be in time.

4. Reported Speech में Thank youका प्रयोग होना पर Indirect Speech में Reporting Verb को thanked में बदल देते हैं। इसी तरह Reporting Speech में प्रयुक्त hope, feel, आदि को ही Reporting Verb बना देते हैं, जैसे –

Direct : The servant said to the master, “Thank you, sir, for your help.”
Indirect : The servant respectfully thanked the master for his help.

नोट – यहाँ पर नौकर अपने मालिक को धन्यवाद दे रहा है, अत: respectfully thanked लिखा गया है पर यदि कोई बड़ी उम्र का व्यक्ति (या बड़े पद का व्यक्ति) छोटी उम्र के या अपने अधीनस्थ कर्मचारी को धन्यवाद दे तो केवल thanked ही लिखेंगे, जैसे –

• Direct : The old man said to the boy, “Thank you for giving me help.”
  Indirect : The old man thanked the boy for giving him help.
• Direct : Anand said, “I feel sorry for what I have said.”
  Indirect : Anand felt sorry for what he had said.

Exercise 4
Change the following sentences into Reported Speech:

1. The old man said to me, “Gentleman, I cannot walk well.”
2. Mohan said, “Krishna, I shall never betray you.”
3. She said to him, “If my house were near your shop, I would always help you.”
4. He said, “You must keep this address in your pocket.”
5. The old man said to Alan, “Thank you for your help.”

Answer:

1. Addressing as gentleman, the old man told me that he could not walk well.
2. Mohan told Krishna that he (Mohan) would never betray him (Krishna).
3. She told him that if her house were near his shop, she would always help him.
4. He told (me) that I must keep the address in my pocket
5. The old man thanked Alan for his help.

(B) Interrogative Sentences

Interrogative Sentences से प्रश्न का बोध होता है, इस प्रकार के Sentences को Indirect में बदलते समय निम्नलिखित बातों का ध्यान रखनी चाहिए –

नियम 1. Reporting Verb said to को asked या enquired of में बदल देते हैं। (आधुनिक Grammar के नियमों के अनुसार enquired of की जगह asked का प्रयोग ही श्रेयस्कर माना जाता है।)।

नियम 2.
प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में that Conjunction का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।

नियम 3.
Indirect में प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य को साधारण वाक्य (Assertive Sentence) बना देते हैं। प्रश्नवाचक चिह्न (?) के स्थान पर full stop (.) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

नियम 4.
जब Direct Speech में ऐसा प्रश्न हो जिसका उत्तर ‘Yes’ या ‘No’ में दिया जा सके अर्थात् Reported Speech किसी सहायक क्रिया (Auxiliary Verb) जैसे – is, are, am, was, were, do, does, did, shall, will, has, have, had, can, may, अदि से शुरू हो रहा हो तो Reported Speech को Connective if या whether से प्रारम्भ किया जाता है। उसके बाद कर्ता, फिर क्रिया का प्रयोग करते हैं।

Pattern :
Direct Speech : Subject + said/said to + Object, “Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Verb + ……..?”
Indirect Speech : Subject + asked/enquired of + Object + if/whether + Subject + Auxiliary Verb + Verb + …..

उदहारण :

1. Direct : Hari said to me, “Are you reading a book ?”
   Indirect : Hari asked me if I was reading a book.
2. Direct : Ram said to Hari, “Will you go to school today ?”
   Indirect : Ram asked Hari whether he would go to school that day.
3. Direct : I said to him, “Can you tell me what the time is ?”
   Indirect : I asked him if he could tell me what the time was.
4. Direct : She said to me, “Do you know Sohan ?”
   Indirect : She asked me whether I knew Sohan.
5. Direct : Sita said to Hari, “Do you go there ?” .
   Indirect : Sita asked Hari if he went there.
6. Direct : Father said to me, “Do you not obey me ?”
   Indirect : Father asked me if I did not obey him.
7. Direct : Ramesh said to his friend, “Don’t you like sweets ?”
   Indirect: Ramesh asked his friend if he didn’t like sweets.
8. Direct : He said to me, “Did you lend me your book ?”
   Indirect : He asked me whether I had lent him my book.

नोट – do/does/did (without not) से शुरू होने वाले वाक्यों में do/does/did का कोई अर्थ नहीं होता है। ये केवल वाक्य शुरू करने के लिए प्रयुक्त होता है ये सभी dummy ‘do’ के रूप में होते हैं। Indirect Speech बनाते समय इन्हें हटा देते है। (देखें वाक्य 4, 5)

नियम 5.
यदि Reported Speech से शुरू आत प्रशसूचक शब्द (what, who, which, whom, whose, when, why, hou), आदि) से होती हो तो Indirect Speech में कोई अन्य Connective नहीं लगाया जाना चाहिए। ये शब्द ही स्वयं Connectives का कार्य करते हैं। प्रश्नसूचक शब्द के पश्चात् कर्ता लगाकर फिर क्रिया का प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : I said to her, “Who are you and where are you coming from ?”
   Indirect : I asked her who she was and where she was coming from…!!!
2. Direct : The teacher said to Hari, “Why did you not come to school yesterday ?”
   Indirect : The teacher asked Hari why he had not come to school the previous day.
3. Direct : He said to me, “Where do you live ?”
   Indirect : He asked me where I lived.
4. Direct : He said to Mohan, “How much money do you want ?”
   Indirect : He asked Mohan how much money he wanted.

नियम 6.
Reported Speech में आये हुए Yes या No के स्थान पर उसके Subject के साथ पहले वाक्य की Helping Verb को इस प्रकार बदलते हैं –

• Direct : She said to Reeta, “Can you lend me this watch ?” Reeta said, “Yes.”
  Indirect : She asked Reeta if she (Reeta) could lend her that watch. Reeta replied that she could.
• Direct : I said to Anand, “Are you attending the class ?” Anand said, “No.”
  Indirect : I asked Anand if he was attending the class. Anand said that he wasn’t.

नोट – कुछ विद्वान्.yes’ को replied in the affirmative तथा ‘no’ को replied in the negative में बदलते हैं। इसके अनुसार उपर्युक्त वाक्यों को इस प्रकार भी लिखा जा सकता है –
Reeta replied in the affirmative. (स्वीकारात्मक कथन)
Anand replied in the negative. (निषेधात्मक कथन)

कुछ विशेष परिवर्तन :

नियम 1.
जब पसन्द अथवा विकल्प का भाव स्पष्ट करना हो तो if की अपेक्षा whether का प्रयोग अच्छा माना जाता है, जैसे –

1. Direct : The teacher said to Hari, “Do you want to attend the parade ?”
   Indirect : The teacher asked Hari whether he wanted to attend the parade.
2. Direct : Mother said to her son, “Do you want to have milk or tea ?”
   Indirect : Mother asked her son whether he wanted to have milk or tea.

नियम 2.
यदि सलाह लेने के लिए कोई बात पूछी गई हो तो Indirect Speech में Second या Third Person के Pronouns – you, he, she, they, आदि के साथ would के स्थान पर should का प्रयोग ही अच्छा माना जाता है, जैसे –
Direct : Ravi said, “What shall I do with it, Mother ?”
Indirect : Ravi asked his mother what he should do with it.

Exercise 5
Change the following sentences into Reported Speech :

1. The lady said to the girl, “Do you live in this house ?”
2. Himanshu said to Gopal, “Are you going to see the fair with my brother today ?”
3. Kamla said to Prem, “Can you go with me to the police station ?”
4. Mohan said to his brother, “Will you give me some money tomorrow ?”
5. The teacher said to the boy, “Have you done your homework ?”
6. “Don’t you know the woman ?” asked I.
7. “Boy, will you not wash your clothes ?” asked the mistress of the house.
8. I said to Mohan, “Why did you go to my house yesterday ?”
9. He said to Ramesh, “Why do you stop here ?”
10. The teacher said to the boys, “Why are you making a noise ?”

Answer:

1. The lady asked the girl if she lived in that house.
2. Himanshu asked Gopal if he was going to see the fair with his brother that day.
3. Kamla asked Prem whether he could go with her to the police station.
4. Mohan asked his brother if he would give him some money the next day.
5. The teacher asked the boy if he had done his homework.
6. I asked her if she didn’t know the woman.
7. The mistress of the house asked the boy if he would not wash his clothes.
8. I asked Mohan why he had gone to my house the previous day.
9. He asked Ramesh why he stopped there. 10. The teacher asked the boys why they were making a noise.

(C) Imperative Sentences
जब किसी वाक्य में आज्ञा (order), परामर्श (advice) या प्रार्थना (request) के भाव प्रकट किये गये हों तो उसे Imperative Sentence कहते हैं। इसमें कर्ता ‘you’ छिपा रहता है तथा वाक्य Finite Verb से प्रारम्भ होता है।

Narration Change For Class 12 नियम 1.
Reporting Verb said को भाव के अनुसार निम्न प्रकार बदलते हैं –
(a) यदि order हो तो ordered, commanded, आदि में।
(b) यदि advice हो तो advised, urged, आदि में।
(c) यदि request हो तो requested, begged, implored, entreated, आदि में। (आधुनिक अंग्रेजी में केवल requested से ही काम चल जाता है।)
(d) यदि भाव स्पष्ट न हो तो asked का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।

Reported Speech Examples For Class 12 नियम 2.
Reported Speech के Verb के पहले to जोड़कर Infinitive बना देते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : The teacher said to me, “Sit in your class and learn your lesson.”
   Indirect : The teacher ordered me to sit in my class and learn my lesson.
2. Direct : He said to his friend, “Work hard.”
   Indirect : He advised his friend to work hard.

नियम 3.
Reported Speech के Vocative Case के Noun को Reporting Verb का कर्म (Object) बना देते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : The teacher said, “Sit down, boys.
Indirect : The teacher ordered the boys to sit down.

Narration Exercises नियम 4.
जब Reported Speech निषेधात्मक हो अर्थात् do not से प्रारम्भ हो, तो इसके परिवर्तन की दो विधियाँ हैं –
(i) Reporting Verb को forbade में बदल दिया जाता है तथा Reporting Speech में आए हुए do not को समाप्त करके Verb के पहले to लगा देते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : The teacher said to the boy, “Do not abuse anyone.”
Indirect : The teacher forbade the boy to abuse anyone.

(ii) दूसरी विधि में Reporting Verb said को भाव के अनुसार ordered, advised या requested में बदला जाता है और Reported Speech में से केवल do हटाते हैं और not के बाद to Infinitive का प्रयोग किया जाता हैं, जैसे –
Direct : My father said to me, “Don’t waste your time.”
Indirect : My father advised me not to waste my time.

Interrogative Narration Exercises नियम 5.
Reported Speech जब never से प्रारम्भ हो तो Reporting Verb को advised में बदल देते हैं और never तथा क्रिया के बीच to का प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : The teacher said to the student, “Never waste your time.”
Indirect : The teacher advised the student never to waste his time.
नोट – never वाले वाक्यों में forbade का प्रयोग नहीं होता है।

Narration In Grammar नियम 6.
जब Reported Speech में sir, please, kindly आदि शब्दों का प्रयोग होता है तो Indirect बनाते समय इन शब्दों को हटा देते हैं तथा Reporting Verb को requested में बदल देते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : The student said to the teacher, “Sir, mark me present.”
   Indirect : The student requested the teacher to mark him present.
2. Direct : Ram said to Shyam, “Please come and tell me something.”
   Indirect : Ram requested Shyam to come and tell him something.
3. Direct : She said to Sita, “Kindly help me.”
   Indirect : She requested Sita to help her.

नोट – कुछ Imperative Sentences देखने में Interrogative जैसे लगते हैं पर ये वास्तव में Interrogative Imperative Sentences ही होते हैं क्योंकि इनसे विनम्रतापूर्वक प्रार्थना का भाव झलकता है। ऐसे वाक्यों को Indirect बनाते समय इनके Reporting Verb को वाक्य के आशय के अनुसार बदल देते हैं तथा would/ could को छोड़ा देते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : “Would you please give me your pen ?” he said to me.
   Indirect : He requested me to give him my pen.
2. Direct : He said, “Could I use your phone ?”
   Indirect : He requested me to allow him to use my phone.
3. Direct : She said, “Would you like a sandwich ?”
   Indirect : She offered me a sandwich.
4. Direct : She said, “Would you like to have tea with me ?”
   Indirect : She invited me to have tea with her.

Exercise 6
Change the following sentences into Reported Speech :

1. The master said to his servant, “Bring me a cup of milk.”
2. The beggar said to my mother, “Please give me some food.”
3. The doctor said to the patient, “Do not take butter while you are under my treatment.”
4. The landlord said to the farmer, “Go away from here and don’t show me your face again.
5. The teacher said to the boys, “Look at the blackboard and listen to what I say.”

Answer:

1. The master ordered his servant to bring him a cup of milk.
2. The beggar requested my mother to give him some food.
3. The doctor advised the patient not to take butter while he (the patient) was under his treatment.
4. The landlord commanded the farmer to go away from there and forbade him to show him his face again.
5. The teacher advised the boys to look at the blackboard and listen to what he said.

Imperative Sentences में आये Let को बदलने के नियम

Let का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित बातें प्रकट करने के लिए किया जाता है –
(1) प्रस्ताव (proposal) / सुझाव (suggestion)
यदि let वाले वाक्य से प्रस्ताव या सुझाव का बोध होता है तो साधारणतः वाक्य में Let के साथ us को भी प्रयोग होता है।
(i) ReportingVerb को proposed या suggested में बदल देते हैं। यदि Reporting verb के पश्चात् Object का प्रयोग हो तो suggested to+object या proposed to + object का प्रयोग करते हैं। किन्तु जब proposed के बाद कोई pronoun, direct object के रूप में आता है तो proposed के बाद ‘to’ का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है, जैसे –
Direct : Sarala said, “Let Nirmala chair the meeting.”
Indirect : Sarala proposed that Nirmala should chair the meeting.
(ii) Inverted Commas को हटाकर Connective that लगाते हैं।
(iii) Objective Case (us) को Reporting Verb के Subject के Person के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
(iv) let को should में बदलते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : Hari said, “Let’s play a match.”
   Indirect : Hari proposed that they should play a match.
   Or Hari suggested that they should play a match
2. Direct : Mohan said to his friend, “Let’s go out for a walk.”
   Indirect : Mohan proposed to his friend that they should go out for a walk.
   Or Mohan suggested to his friend that they should go out for a walk.
3. Direct : Krishna said to Mohan, “Let’s remove our confusion once and for all.”
   Indirect : Krishna suggested to Mohan that they should remove their confusion once and for all.
4. Direct : I said to my friend, “Let’s go to some holy place.”
   Indirect : I suggested to my friend that we should go to some holy place.

नोट – यदि किसी स्वीकारात्मक सुझाव (affirmative suggestion) के उत्तर में Let’s not का प्रयोग हो तो इसे report करने के लिए objected या uuus against it का ही प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : “Let’s go to the zoo,” said Mohan. “Let’s not,” said Radha.
Indirect : Mohan suggested to Radha that they should go to the zoo but Radha objected.

(2) प्रार्थना (request)
यदि let वाले वाक्य से कोई काम करने की अनुमति माँगने के लिए प्रार्थना का बोध हो तो ऐसे वाक्यों को Indirect बनाने के लिए नियम इस प्रकार हैं –
(i) Reporting Verb को requested में बदल देते हैं।
(ii) let को to let में बदलते हैं अथवा let के स्थान पर that लगाकर Noun या Pronoun के साथ might be allowed to लिखकर क्रिया का First Form लगाते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : He said to his officer, “Let me go home.”
Indirect : He requested his officer to let him go home.
Or He requested his officer that he might be allowed to go home.

नोट – परन्तु यदि प्रार्थना या सलाह (request or advice) Let there be’ से प्रारम्भ हो तो इसे that there should be से ही report किया जायेगा, जैसे –
Direct : He said, “Let there be no inquiry into my case.”
Indirect : He requested that there should be no inquiry into his case.
Direct : He said, “Let there be no talk about her.”
Indirect : He advised that there should be no talk about her.

(3) आदेश (command)
यदि let वाले वाक्य से किसी को आज्ञा देने के भाव का बोध हो तो ऐसे वाक्य को Indirect में बदलने के निम्न नियम
(i) Reporting Verb को ordered में बदलते हैं।
(ii) let के स्थान पर that लिखते हैं, फिर Noun या Pronoun के बाद should का प्रयोग कर Verb तथा अन्य शब्दों को लिखते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : The officer said to his clerks, “Let no one come late.”
Indirect : The officer ordered his clerks that no one should come late.
Direct : The king said, “Let the man be set free.”
Indirect : The king ordered that the man should be set free.

Exercise 7
Change the following sentences into Reported Speech :

1. Ram said to me, “Let’s sing together.”
2. Sita said to me, “Let me finish my work.”
3. Sarala said to her elder brother, “Let me do my homework.”
4. He said to me, “Let’s start tomorrow.”
5. The Principal said to the students, “Let no one come late.”.

Answer:

1. Ram suggested to me that we should sing together.
2. Sita requested me to let her finish her work.
3. Sarala requested her elder brother to let her do her homework.
4. He suggested to me that we should start the next day.
5. The Principal ordered the students that no one should come late.

(D) Operative Sentences

अगर Reported Speech में प्रार्थना, कामना, आशीर्वाद या श्राप के अर्थ में ‘may’ का प्रयोग हो तो वह Operative Sentence कहलाता है। इनके Indirect बनाने के निम्नलिखित नियम हैं

Narration English Grammar नियम 1.
इसमें Reporting Verb said को wished, blessed, cursed या prayed में बदलकर Sentence को Assertive Sentence में बदल देते हैं। Reporting Verb यदि Past Tense में हो तो Reported speech के May को might में बदल देते हैं। Connective that लगाते हैं तथा Interjection के चिह्न (!) को हटा देते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : He said to me, “May you live long !”
   Indirect : He wished that I might live long.
2. Direct : The hermit said, “May you all go to hell !”
   Indirect : The hermit cursed that they all might go to hell.

नोट – (i) शुभकामना व्यक्त करने के लिए wished तथा शाप के लिये cursed का प्रयोग होता है।
(ii) prayed का प्रयोग ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करने पर होता है, जैसे –
Direct : He said to me, “May God help you !”
Indirect : He prayed that God might help me

Narration Grammar नियम 2.
यदि Reported Speech में Goodbye या Good night का प्रयोग होता है, तो said के स्थान पर bade का प्रयोग करते हैं तथा Good morning का प्रयोग हो, तो said के स्थान पर wished लिखते हैं, जैसे –

1. Direct : Anand said, “Good night, Krishna ! We will meet again tomorrow.”
   Indirect : Anand bade good night to Krishna and said that they would meet again the next day.
2. Direct : He said, “Goodbye, my friends !”
   Indirect : He bade goodbye to his friends.
   Or He bade his friends goodbye.
3. Direct : Ravi said, “Good morning, my friend !”
   Indirect : Ravi wished his friend good morning.
   Or Ravi wished good morning to his friend.
4. Direct : He said to me, “Good morning, my friend !”
   Indirect : He cordially wished me good morning.
5. Direct : He said to Mr X, “Good morning, sir !”
   Indirect : He respectfully wished Mr X good morning.

Exercise 8
Change the following sentences into Reported Speech:

1. I said to Anand, “May you always be happy!”
2. The beggar said to me, “May you prosper in life !”
3. He said to her, “Goodbye, my sister !”
4. She said, “May God bless Hari with a son !”

Answer:

1. I wished that Anand might always be happy.
2. The beggar wished that I might prosper in life.
3. He bade goodbye to his sister.
4. She prayed that God might bless Hari with a son.

(E) Exclamatory Sentences
ऐसे वाक्यों में प्रसन्नता (joy), शोक (regret), दु:ख (sorrow) या आश्चर्य (surprise), आदि प्रकट किये जाते हैं। इनके Indirect बनाने के नियम निम्न हैं –

Change The Narration नियम 1.
Interjections (विस्मयादिबोधक शब्दों) को समाप्त कर देते हैं, क्योंकि इनके भाव Reporting Verb से ही स्पष्ट हो जाते हैं। Interjections Hurrah से joy, Alas से sorrow, What a एवं How) से surprise तथा Bravo से approval प्रकट होता है।

Nareshan English Grammar नियम 2.
Reported Speech को Connective that से जोड़ते हैं।

Narration For Class 12 नियम 3.
Note of Exclamation (!) के बदले Full Stop (.) का प्रयोग करते हैं अर्थात् Exclamatory Sentence को Assertive Sentence में बदल देते हैं।

Narration Rules नियम 4.
Person और Tense का परिवर्तन Assertive Sentence की तरह होता है।

Narration Rules Chart नियम 5.
Reporting Verb said को आशय के अनुसार निम्न प्रकार बदलते हैं –

(i) यदि वाक्य में प्रसन्नता प्रकट की गई हैं, तो exclaimed with joy या exclaimed. with delight का प्रयोग करते। हैं, जैसे –
Direct : He said, “Hurrah ! My old friend has come.”
Indirect : He exclaimed with delight that his old friend had come.

(ii) यदि वाक्य में शोक प्रकट किया गया हो, तो exclaimed with sorrow) या exclaimed with grief का प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : He said, “Alas ! I am ruined.”
Indirect : He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.

(iii) यदि वाक्य में किसी की प्रशंसा की गई है, तो praised या applauded शब्दों का प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : He said to us, “Bravo ! You have done well.”
Indirect : He applauded us saying that we had done well.

(iv) Exclamatory Sentences जब hat a या how से प्रारम्भ हों, तो इनके द्वारा विस्मय या अधिकता का भाव प्रकट होता है। इन भावों को प्रकट करने के लिए Indirect में इनके स्थान पर very या great इस प्रकार लगाते है –
(a) what a या how) के बाद यदि Noun आता है, तो इन्हें great में बदलते हैं।
(b) what a या how) के बाद यदि Adjective आता है, तो इन्हें very में बदलते हैं, जैसे –

Direct : Ram said, “How fast you are walking !”
Indirect : Ram exclaimed with surprise that I was walking very fast.
Direct : He said, “What a fool I am !”
Indirect : He exclaimed with anger that he was a great fool.

Note – आधुनिक नियमों के अनुसार what a तथा how) से प्रारम्भ होने वाले वाक्यों को Indirect में बदलते समय said के स्थान पर केवल exclaimed का प्रयोग ही यथेष्ट माना जाता है। अत: उपर्युक्त वाक्यों को इस प्रकार भी लिखा जा सकता है –

• Direct : Ram said, “How fast you are walking !”
  Indirect : Ram exclaimed that I was walking very fast.
• Direct : He said, “What a fool I am !”
  Indirect : He exclaimed that he was a great fool.

(v) यदि वाक्य में Good Heavens का प्रयोग हो, तो Reporting Verb को exclaimed with surprise में बदल देते हैं, जैसे –
Direct : “Good Heavens! I have dropped my key somewhere,” he said.
Indirect : He exclaimed with surprise that he had dropped his key somewhere.

Exercise 9
Change the following sentences into Reported Speech:

1. The student said, “Alas! My friend is dead.”
2. The boys said, “Hurrah ! We shall have a jolly holiday tomorrow.”
3. He said, “How well she sings !”
4. The child said, “How beautiful the flower is !”
5. The teacher said, “What a lazy boy you are !”

Answer:

1. The student exclaimed with sorrow that his friend was dead.
2. The boys exclaimed with delight that they would have a jolly holiday the next day.
3. He exclaimed with joy that she sang very well.
   Or He applauded her and said that she sang very well.
4. The child exclaimed with joy that the flower was very beautiful.
5. The teacher exclaimed with disgust that I was a very lazy boy.
   Or, The teacher exclaimed that I was a very lazy boy.

Exercise 10
Change into Indirect Speech :

1. ‘Have you no manners? shouted the woman angrily.
2. Why don’t you get vaccinated? the doctor asked.
3. He said, ‘Where can I get an application form?
4. ‘Do you write a good hand?’ asked the employer.
5. May I have a little more pudding? said the little girl.
6. The teacher asked, ‘What are the rivers that flow through Bihar?’
7. Who was the first man to fly in space? questioned the examiner.
8. What on earth do you mean?’ he shouted.
9. The poet wrote, ‘What is this life, full of care, we have no time to stand and stare?
10. ‘Would you like to attend the summer camp?’ said the N.C.C. Officer.

Answer:

1. The woman shouted angerily and asked if he had no manners.
2. The doctor asked why he did not get vaccinated.
3. He asked me when he could get an application form.
4. The employer asked if he wrote a good hand.
5. The little girl asked if she might have a little more pudding.
6. The teacher asked what the rivers were that flowed through Bihar.
7. The examiner questioned who the first man was to fly in space.
8. He shouted what on the earth he meant.
9. The poet wrote what this life is full of care, we have no time to stand and stare.
10. The N.C.C. Officer asked me if I would like to attend the summer camp.

Examination Type Exercises

1. Read the conversation below and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Rohit : What are you doing these days, Navi?
Navi. : Iam studying in class XII.
Navi : What is your favourite subject ?
Rohit : I like studying English.
Rohit : What do you want to do after XII ?
Navi : I will prepare for medical entrance test.

Indirect speech :
Rohit (a) ………… Navi what he was doing those days. Navi (b) ………………… that he was studying in class XII. Navi (c) ………………… Rohit what his favourite subject was. Rohit replied that he (d) ……………. studying English. Rohit (e) …………….. Navi what he wanted to do after XII. Navi replied that he would prepare for medical entrance test.
Answer:
(a) asked
(b) replied
(c) asked
(d) liked
(e) asked

2. Read the following conversation and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Tanvi : What are you planning for this summer vacation ?
Prateek : I am planning to go to Manali.
Tanvi : Who else will go with you?
Prateek : My parents and brother will go with me.
Prateek : And what are you planning, Tanvi ?
Tanvi : I am planning to join swimming classes.

Indirect Speech :
Tanvi (a) ………………… Prateek what he was planning for that summer vacation. Prateek (b) ……………….. that he was planning to go to Manali. Tanvi asked him who else (c) …………… go with him. Prateek (d) ………………… that his parents and brother would go with him. Prateek asked Tanvi what she was planning. Tanvi (e) en…… that she was planning to join swimming classes.
Answer:
(a) asked
(b) replied
(c) would
(d) said
(e) replied

3. Read the following conversation and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech at :
Dimpy : Why didn’t you come to play yesterday?
Sunny : I went to attend birthday party at my friend’s house.
Dimpy : How was the party?
Sunny : The party was wonderful.
Dimpy : When did you return from the party?
Sunny : I came back at 11 o’clock.

Indirect Speech :
Dimpy asked Sunny why he had not come to play (a) ………….. Sunny replied that he (b)………..to attend birthday party at his friend’s house. Dimpy asked him (c) ….. Sunny replied that the party had been wonderful. Dimpy asked him when he (d)……….Sunny replied (e)…………..
Answer:
(a) the previous day.
(b) had gone.
(c) how the party had been.
(d) had returned from the party.
(e) that he had come back at 11 o’clock.

4. Read the following conversation and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech.
Gunjan : Are your exams over ?
Piyush : Yes, my exams are over.
Gunjan : How did you perform ?
Piyush : I did well. How is your preparation for the Quiz Contest going on?
Gunjan : I am trying my best.

indirect Speech :
Gunjan asked Piyush if his exams (a) ………….. over. Piyush replied (b) ………….. Gunjan asked him how he (c) ……………… in his exams. Piyush replied that he had done well and asked how her preparation for the Quiz Contest (d) ……………… Gunjan replied that she was trying (e) …………… best.
Answer:
(a) were
(b) in affirmative
(c) had done
(d) was going on
(e) her

Practice Exercises :

1. Read the following conversation and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Son : Papa, today my teacher asked me to write an essay.
Papa : What topic has she given ?
Son : Topic is ‘Indian Culture’.
Papa : Have you attempted the essay ?
Son : I have written only a few lines, please tell me something about it.

Indirect Speech :
The son told his father that that day his teacher (a)……………. to write an essay. His father asked him what topic she (b) …………….. The son told that it was “Indian Culture’. His father asked if he (c) …………….. the essay. The son replied that he (d)…………… only a few lines and (e) ………………. to tell him something about it.
Answer:
(a) had asked him
(b) had given
(c) had attempted
(d) had written
(e) requested

2. Read the following conversation and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Patient : Doctor, I have fever for the last four days.
Doctor : Did you take any medicine?
Patient : No doctor, I didn’t take.
Doctor : Do you feel shivering ?
Patient : I don’t feel shivering. I feel bodyache.
Doctor : 0.K. Take these medicines for 3 days.

Indirect Speech :
Patient (a) …………. the doctor that he had fever. Doctor asked if he (b) …………. any medicine. Patient replied the doctor that (c) …………….. Doctor asked him again if he (d) ………………. Patient replied that he did not feel shivering instead he felt bodyache. Doctor advised him to take (e) ……………… medicines for three days.
Answer:
(a) told
(b) had taken
(c) he had not taken any medicine.
(d) felt shivering
(e) those

3. Read the following conversation and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Teacher : What is your name, please ?
Shamita : I am Shamita, sir..
Teacher : Do you want to join any course ?
Shamita : Yes sir, I want to join some short term computer course.
Teacher : Do you want to learn computer language or any other course ?

Indirect Speech :
The teacher asked Shamita what (a) …………. Shamita respectfully replied that (b) … Shamita. The teacher again asked (c) ……………. to join any course. Shamita respectfully replied that she (d) …………… to join some short term computer course. The teacher asked Shamita (e) ………… to learn computer language or any other course.
Answer:
(a) her name was
(b) she was
(c) if she wanted
(d) wanted
(e) if she wanted

4. Read the following conversation and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Nurse : How do you feel now?
Mohan : Quite fine.
Nurse : Where do you live?
Mohan : I live at Pushkar.
Nurse : Can you tell me how the accident happened ?
Mohan : I don’t know how it happened.

Indirect Speech :
The nurse asked Mohan how (a)………. Mohan replied that he felt quite fine. The nurse asked him where (b)………. .Mohan replied (c)……….at Pushkar. The nurse again asked Mohan (d)……..how the accident had happened. Mohan replied that (e)……… how it had happened.
Answer:
(a) he felt then
(b) he lived
(c) that he lived
(d) if he could tell her
(e) he did not know

5. Read the following conversation and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Policeman : Why did you park your car here ? Don’t you see it is a ‘no parking area ?
Driver : Sorry sir ! The engine broke down.
Policeman : Come to the police station. Bring your car here.

Indirect Speech :
The policeman asked the driver (a)…………. . He further asked (b)…………..no parking area. The driver felt sorry and explained that the engine (c)………..down. The policeman ordered the driver (d)……. police station. He also ordered (e)………….
Answer:
(a) why he had parked his car there
(b) if he did not see it was a
(c) had broken
(d) to come to the
(e) him to bring his car there.

6. Read the following conversation and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech.
Wolf : Why are you making the water muddy ? Don’t you see I am drinking water?
Lamb : Sir, the water is flowing from you to me. How can I make it muddy ?
Wolf : Don’t answer me back, you foolish.

Indirect Speech :
The wolf asked the lamb (a)……….. making the water muddy. He again asked if (b)………..drinking water. The lamb (c)……………. ………… He then asked (d)…………. it muddy. The wolf called him as foolish and (e)……..
Answer:
(a) why he was
(b) he (lamb) did not see that he (wolf) was
(c) respectfully said that the water was flowing from him (wolf) to him (lamb).
(d) how he could make
(e) ordered him not to answer him back.

7. Read the following conversation and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Hari : Let us go to the playground, Mohan.
Mohan : Sorry, I can’t. I must reach home as early as possible.
Hari : Why are you in such a hurry?
Mohan : I have to take my sister to the doctor.

Indirect Speech :
Hari proposed Mohan that (a)…………to the playground. Mohan regretted that (b)………. He further remarked that (c)………..as early as possible. Hari asked him (d)………… . Mohan replied that (e) …………sister to the doctor.
Answer:
(a) they should go
(b) he could not
(c) he must reach home
(d) why he was in such a hurry
(e) he had to take her

8. Read the following paragraph and complete the report that follows :
The mother said, “Good morning, my dear children.” The children said, “Good morning, mother! How are you ?” The mother said, “There is a piece of good news for you. Can you imagine what it is ?” The children said, “Oh yes ! Father is returning home.”

Report The mother (a)…………….good morning. The children too wished (b)…………. and asked (C)……… The mother informed them that (d)…………….. She further asked if they could imagine what that was. The children excitedly replied that they knew that (e)………..returning home.
Answer:
(a) affectionately wished her children
(b) her good morning
(c) her how she was
(d) there was a piece of good news for them
(e) father was

9. Read the paragraph below and complete the report that follows:
Radha said to Sheenu, “Your watch is exclusive. Please tell me where did you buy it from?” Sheenu said, “I bought it from a show-room which is situated in Maharana Nagar.” Radha said to Sheenu, “Will you tell me how much did it cost you ?” Sheenu said, “Only eight hundred rupees.”

Report :
Radha told Sheenu (a) …………….. exclusive. She (b) ……………… it from. Sheenu replied that (c) …………. from a show-room which was situated in Maharana Nagar. Radha asked Sheenu (d)………………………….. Sheenu replied that (e) ………………… only eight hundred rupees.
Answer:
(a) that her watch was
(b) further requested her to tell her where she had bought
(c) she had bought it
(d) if she would tell her how much it had cost her.
(e) it had cost her

10. Read the paragraph below and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Veena said to Mohini, “Have you been to Bharatpur?” Mohini said, “Yes I have been there last year”. Veena asked, “Do you know what is Bharatpur famous for ?” Mohini said, “Yes, I know that Bharatpur is famous for bird sanctuary.”

Indirech Speech :
Veena asked Mohini (a)………….Bharatpur. Mohini replied in affirmative and said that (b)………………. Veena asked Mohini (C)……………… Mohini replied (d)………….. and further said that Bharatpur (e)……………….famous for bird sanctuary.
Answer:
(a) if she had been to
(b) she had been there the previous year
(c) if she knew what Bharatpur is famous for.
(d) in affirmative
(e) is (Universal Truth के कारण is का ही प्रयोग होगा।)।

Examination Papers
(S.S.Exam 2013)
Read the conversation below and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Son : Dad! I want a racing bike.
Father : No. You aren’t eighteen yet.
Son : What does it matter?
Father : Do you know how to ride a bike?
Son : Of course, dad! I rode my friend’s bike a number of times.
Father : This is wrong. I promise to get you one only when you are eighteen.

Indirect speech :
A son asked his father to get him a racing bike but his father (a) ……….. The son argued (b) ……….. His father asked (c) ………. The son replied (d)………… Then his father told that was wrong and promised him that (e) …….
Answer:
(a) replied in negative and said that he was not eighteen till then;
(b) what that mattered
(c) if he knew how to ride a bike
(d) in affirmative and said that he had ridden his friend’s bike a number of times
(e) he would give him a racing bike when he (son) was eighteen.

(S.S. Exam 2014)
Read the conversation below and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech:
Savita said to her friend, “I work as a typist in a store. I come home every afternoon. It is Saturday today, so I am off early. I have an appointment with the doctor too.” !

Indirect Speech :
Savita told her friend (a)……………….. she worked as a typist in a store. She (b)………….. home every afternoon. It was Saturday (c) …………… so she (d)…. off early. (e) ………… had an appointment with the doctor too.
Answer:
(a) that
(b) came
(c) that day
(d) was
(e) She further said that she.

(S.S. Exam 2015)
Read the conversation below and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Mrs Tiwari (to her servant) : Where were you yesterday?
Servant (male) : My daughter was sick. I took her to a doctor.
Mrs Tiwari : You people give innumberable excuses. Don’t do this the next time.

Indirect Speech :
Mrs Tiwari (a) ………… her servant (b) …………. he had been the day before. The servant told her that (c) …………. daughter had been sick and he (d) her to a doctor. Mrs Tiwari accused him of giving innumberable excuses and (e)… him not to do that the next time.
Answer:
(a) asked
(b) where
(c) his
(d) had taken
(e) ordered / asked.

(S.S. Exam 2016)
Read the conversation below and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Sarah : I say, Jane, just bring me a sheet of writing-paper, will you? For I must write a letter.
Jane : Where am I to find it?
Sarah : Why, there is plenty in my mistress’s letter-case in the parlour.

Indirect speech :
Sarah called out to Jane and asked her …(a)….. bring her a sheet of writing paper, as ……….(b)…….had to write a letter. Jane asked her …..(c)…… she was to find it. Sarah replied that there….(d)…..plenty in……….(e)……mistress’s letter case in the parlour.
Answer:
(a) to
(b) she
(c) where
(d) was
(e) her

(S.S. Exam 2017)
Read the conversation below and fill in the blanks in Indirect Speech :
Vivek : Would you help me, Sonu?
Sonu : What sort of help do you need?
Vivek : Help me accomplish my project work, please.
Sonu : Sure, Vivek.
Vivek……..(a)…….Sonu if he would help………(b)…….Sonu enquired ………(c)…………… sort of help he ……….(d)…… Vivek implored him to accomplish his project work. Sonu ……..(e)…………
Answer:
(a) requested
(b) him
(c) what
(d) needed
(e) told Vivek that he would help him surely.

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