RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Human Resource Development in Rajasthan

RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Human Resource Development in Rajasthan

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Human Resource Development in Rajasthan

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Text book Questions

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
According to the census of 2011, the total population of Rajasthan is
(a) 5.65 crore
(b) 6.85 crore
(c) 5.85 crore
(d) 6.65 crore
Answer:
(b) 6.85 crore

Question 2.
The population growth rate of the state in the decade of 2001-2011 is
(a) 28.44
(b) 28.41
(c) 21.30
(d) 20.40
Answer:
(c) 21.30

Question 3.
Which district of Rajasthan is the most densely populated?
(a) Jaipur
(b) Ajmer
(c) Udaipur
(d)Jaisalmer
Answer:
(a) Jaipur

Question 4.
According to the census of 2011, what is the sex ratio in Rajasthan?
(a) 935
(b) 928
(c) 920
(d)925
Answer:
(b) 928

Question 5.
Which is the district with the highest female literacy rate according to census 2011?
(a) Kota
(b) Jalore
(c) Jhunjhunu
(d) Pratapgarh
Answer:
(a) Kota

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by human resource?
Answer:
A person who helps in developing his nation along with his own development is known as Human Resource or human development.

Question 2.
Which district of Rajasthan has the highest literacy rate?
Answer:
Kota.

Question 3.
What percentage of population resides in rural areas in Rajasthan?
Answer:
75.13%.

Question 4.
Which are the indicators of Human Development?
Answer:

1. Infant mortality rate
2. Population and labour force
3. Rate of capital formation
4. Standard of income
5. Ratio of per capita land
6. Details of income
7. Standard of living
8. Standard of exchange
9. Size of production, productivity and environment.

Question 5.
When was the Right to Education Act enforced in the state?
Answer:
On 1st April, 2010.

Question 6.
Which district is the mostly populated in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Jaipur.

Question 7.
Which is the least populated district in Rajasthan according to 2011 census?
Answer:
Jaisalmer.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What problems have been observed in primary education in Rajasthan?
Answer:
In Rajasthan, Quantitative aspects have been given much importance for education, but there is lack of physical resources here. Many children are deprived from education due to poverty. The state government is taking up several schemes, but their implementation is not being done in a proper manner.

Question 2.
Explain the commercial distribution of population.
Answer:
Commercial distribution of population refers to the distribution of population on the basis of Infant mortality rate, Population and labour force, Rate of capital formation, Standard of income, Ratio of per capita land, Details of income, Standard of living, Standard of exchange, Size of production and productivity and environment.

Question 3.
Describe the status of health indicators of Rajasthan.
Answer:
The status of health indicators of Rajasthan is not better than the usual national status. Birth rate and Child mortality rate in the state is higher than that of the country. However, there is no difference between death rate and life expectancy. But, compared to other states, the condition of health indicators in the state is not good.

Question 4.
Explain the Chief Minister Free Medicine Scheme.
Answer:
This scheme was implemented on 2nd October 2011. The objective of this plan was to provide benefits to all the patients visiting the government hospital. This plan is providing maximum medicines to the patients free of cost.

Question 5.
List various factors which affect population growth.
Answer:
Following are the factors which affect population growth :

1. Child marriage
2. Poverty and low standard of living
3. Lack of education
4. Economic backwardness
5. Hot climate 6. Failure of family planning programs
6. Difference in birth and death rate
7. Population migration
8. Fatalism
9. Other reasons.

Question 6.
What do you mean by sex ratio? Explain its status in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. As per 2011 census, the sex- ratio in Rajasthan was 928, and for India it was 943. Therefore, the sex ratio of Rajasthan was lower than that of India. But in 2001, it was 921, thus an increase of 7 points. Pratapgarh has the highest sex ratio of 994 and Dholpur has the lowest sex ratio of 846.

Question 7.
What is the reason behind low literacy rate in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Following are the reasons behind low literacy rate in Rajasthan :

1. Prior to reorganization of states, no attention was paid towards literacy in Rajasthan.
2. Different governments also did not pay much heed towards development of literacy.
3. Social and economic causes affected literacy.
4. Poor financial condition of the state served as an impediment in achieving literacy.
5. There was scarcity of resources of education and schools.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the size of population of Rajasthan and the causes for its increase.
Answer:
Following are the reasons for increase in size and growth of population :

• Child marriage :
  People in the state of Rajasthan get married at a a very early age. Consequently, they have children at an early age, hence the population increases. Legal age for marriage is 21 and 18 years for boys and girls respectively.
• Poverty and low standard of living :
  Since ancient times, Rajasthan has been economically backward. Population is used both as a power and means. Therefore, people wanted to increase population both for power and means. Due to this, population increased rapidly. In current time, people of lower sections treat an additional child as an additional source of income.
• Lack of education :
  The standard of education in Rajasthan has been low. Due to illiteracy, people are not aware of their future. The conditions of female literacy is miserable in comparison to male literacy in Rajasthan.
• Economic backwardness :
  Along with economic development, the population growth declines. Rajasthan is backward from the point of view of economic development.
• Hot climate :
  Due to hot climate, people get mature early, due to which population growth rate increases.
• Failure of family planning programs :
  Lack of desire among people, carelessness of the employees and inadequate awareness towards the programs of family planning are the main reasons for no decline in population growth rate.
• Difference in birth and death rate :
  The population growth in Rajasthan remains very high due to huge difference in birth rate and death rate. As per the economic survey of 2014-15, the birthrate per 1000 in 2012 was 25.9 ,and at all India level, it was 21.6. Compulsion of marriage and less age at the time of marriage is the major reason for this.
• Population migration :
  In the planning phase, lot of people from neighbouring countries as well as other states migrated to Rajasthan.

Question 2.
Explain the status and problems of education in Rajasthan. Provide their solutions also.
Answer:
Education plays a very important role in human resource development. Education is the basis of social, cultural and economic development of human life. Education is an important source of human capital. Education develops the work efficiency of human beings. Therefore, state government is working on priority basis in every possible way for development of social sector. Practices related to social sectors like education, health, family welfare, housing, drinking water etc. are being given importance. Till 2014-15, there were 41,525 primary, 37,573 upper primary and 27,155 secondary/higher secondary schools operating in Rajasthan, where 60.75 lakh students were enrolled.

Right to free and compulsory education has been enforced in the state under the Right to Education Act of 2009 since 1st April 2010. Under this, 25 per cent seats are reserved in private schools for children from weaker section. With the objective of making Net Enrollment Ratio as 100 per cent till 2017 and Stability Rate as 100 per cent till 2020, National Secondary Education Mission (NSEM) plan is being run. The condition of education is improving in Rajasthan and the government is running various schemes to make further improvement in education.

Question 3.
Describe the efforts made by Rajasthan Government in the Held of health and education.
Answer:
Efforts made by Rajasthan Government in the field of Education- Till 2014-15, there were 41,525 primary, 37,573 upper primary and 27,155 secondary/higher secondary schools operating in Rajasthan, where 60.75 lakh students were enrolled. A programme named “Education For All” is being run to educate children in the age group of 6-14. Right to free and compulsory education has been enforced in the state under the Right to Education Act of 2009 since 1st April 2010 . Under this, 25 per cent seats are reserved in private schools for children from weaker section.

To promote girl education, 200 Kasturba Gandhi Girls Schools and 10 Mewat girls Residential Schools are operated. To increase the quality of education, self employment drive has been initiated from 2012-13 and development of physical resources has been emphasised upon in schools. With the objective of making Net Enrollment Ratio as 100 per cent till 2017 and Stability Rate as 100 per cent till 2020, National Secondary Education Mission (NSEM) plan is being run.

Efforts made by Rajasthan Government in the field of health :
Hospitals, number of doctors, nutrition and facilities of potable water are included in healthcare services. Till 2014, total number of allopaethic medical centers was 17543, in which there were 113 hospitals, 194 dispensaries and 14408 sub health care centers. At present, 118 ayurvedic hospitals, 3577 ayurvedic dispensaries and 3 yoga and natural hospitals are operating in the state. There was 46669 beds available for patients in the state. As compared to other states, there is lack of healthcare facilities in the state.

Chief Minister Free Medicine plan was enforced on 2nd October 2011. The objective of this plan is to provide benefits to all those patient who come to the government hospital. This plan is providing maximum medicines to the patients free of cost.

Apart from this, Mother-Child security Scheme, National Children Health Program, Chief Minister A PL Security Fund Plan, Janini express, Dhanvantri 108 toll free Ambulance plan etc. are being run as well.

Question 4.
Explain the status of quantitative aspect of Human resources.
Answer:
Quantitative Aspect of human Resources :

• Size and Growth of population in Rajasthan :
  The highest impacting factor in developing the human race of a particular country or state is the size and growth of population there. If the population is not controlled or remains to grow at a high rate, then the state lags behind in building a capable citizen base. The economy is negatively impacted if human capital does not grow according to its expectations. Therefore, the study of size and growth of population becomes necessary.
• Population density :
  This is a list of countries and dependent territories ranked by population density, measured by the number of human inhabitants per square kilometer. According to the 2011 census, the population density of Rajasthan was calculated at 200 person per sq. km while population density of India has been 382. Highest population density is 1106 in Bihar and lowest is 17 in Arunachal Pradesh. Population density in Rajasthan was 165 in the year 2001.
• Urban and Rural population in Rajasthan :
  The population is divided on 2 bases- Urban and Rural. Because huge difference is found in the structure, density, distribution, standard of living, problems, etc. of rural and urban population. A clear line of demarcation cannot be drawn easily between rural and urban population, because migration continuously takes place between these two.
• Sex- Ratio :
  The sex ratio refers to the ratio of males to females in a population. As per 2011 census, the sex-ratio in Rajasthan was 928 and for India it was 943. Therefore, the sex ratio of Rajasthan was lower than that of India. But in 2001, it was 921, thus an increase of 7 points. Pratapgarh has the highest sex ratio of 994 and Dholpur has the lowest sex ratio of 846.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Human capital is created through
(a) Investment in education
(b) Investment in healthcare
(c) Investment in training
(d) All these
Answer:
(d) All these

Question 2.
What is human capital?
(a) Increase in Population growth
(b) Stock of skilled and qualified knowledge
(c) Increase in Physical capital
(d) Increase in economic growth
Answer:
(b) Stock of skilled and qualified knowledge

Question 3.
What is population?
(a) Human resource
(b) Natural resource
(c) Physical resource
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Natural resource

Question 4.
Population of India in 2011 was
(a) 100.7 crore
(b) 121.06 crore
(c) 102.7 crore
(d) 103.7 crore
Answer:
(b) 121.06 crore

Question 5.
The population density of India in 2011 was
(a) 224
(b) 324
(c) 382
(d) 524
Answer:
(c) 382

Question 6.
How many aspects of human resource are there?
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 5
Answer:
(c) 2

Question 7.
In 2011, which district of Rajasthan recorded the highest growth rate?
(a) Barmer
(b) Banswara
(c) Tonk
(d) Jaipur
Answer:
(a) Barmer

Question 8.
According to 2011 census, which state has the highest density of population in India?
(a) Bihar
(b) Bengal
(c) Delhi
(d) Rajasthan
Answer:
(a) Bihar

Question 9.
According to 2011 census, which district of Rajasthan has the lowest population?
(a) Jaisalmer
(b) Barmer
(c) Banswara
(d) Chittorgarh
Answer:
(a) Jaisalmer

Question 10.
Highest literacy rate in Rajasthan is found in which district?
(a) Kota
(b) Jhunjhunu
(c) Sikar
(d) Jaipur
Answer:
(a) Kota

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What was the decennial growth rate in the population of India?
Answer:
17.7%.

Question 2.
What was the decennial growth rate in the population of Rajasthan?
Answer:
21.30%.

Question 3.
In comparison to India, the decennial growth in the population of Rajasthan was how much more?
Answer:
4%.

Question 4.
What is the position of Rajasthan in India with the point of view of population?
Answer:
8th.

Question 5.
The surface area of Rajasthan is what percent of the total surface area of India?
Answer:
10.4%.

Question 6.
Which state has the highest population in India?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh.

Question 7.
When was the population density negative in Rajasthan?
Answer:
In 1921.

Question 8.
In which district of Rajasthan the lowest growth in the population was recorded?
Answer:
Ganganagar.

Question 9.
What is the legal age for marriage for boys and girls?
Answer:
Legal age for marriage is 21 years and 18 years for boys and girls respectively.

Question 10.
At present, poor people term additional children as a source of what?
Answer:
Additional income.

Question 11.
What was population growth rate in Barmer?
Answer:
32.5%.

Question 12.
What is the reason for people becoming mature early in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Humid Climate.

Question 13.
According to the 2011 census, what was the population density of Rajasthan?
Answer:
200 persons per sq. km.

Question 14.
What was the population density in Rajasthan in 2001?
Answer:
165 persons per sq. km.

Question 15.
Which state has the lowest population density in India?
Answer:
Arunachal Pradesh.

Question 16.
As per 2011 census, what is the sex-ratio of India?
Answer:
943.

Question 17.
Which state of India has the highest sex ratio?
Answer:
Kerala (1084).

Question 18.
As compared to 2001, what was the increase in sex ratio of Rajasthan in 2001?
Answer:
Increase of 7 basis points (921-928).

Question 19.
Which district has the lowest sex ratio in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Dholpur (846).

Question 20.
What was the child sex ratio in Rajasthan in 2011?
Answer:
888.

Question 21.
According to the 2011 census, what was the female literacy rate in Rajasthan?
Answer:
52.10 per cent.

Question 22.
According to the 2011 census, what was the literacy rate in India?
Answer:
72.99%.

Question 23.
Which district of Rajasthan has the highest male literacy rate?
Answer:
Jhunjhunu.

Question 24.
Which district of Rajasthan has the lowest female literacy rate?
Answer:
Jalore (38.5%).

Question 25.
What is meant by human development?
Answer:
It is about expanding the richness of human life, rather than simply the richness of the economy in which human beings live.

Question 26.
What is role of education in human development?
Answer:
Education plays a very important role in human resource development. Education is the basis of social, cultural and economic development of human life. Education is an important source of human capital. Education develops the work efficiency of human beings.

Question 27.
State two problems that come in the path of human capital formation.
Answer:

1. Growth of population
2. Economic instability.

Question 28.
What is primary factor which affects human development?
Answer:
Size and growth of the population.

Question 29.
Why was population growth negative in 1921 in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Due to sickness, epidemic and world war.

Question 30.
List four factors which affect population growth.
Answer:

1. Child marriage
2. Poverty and low standard of living
3. Lack of education
4. Economic backwardness.

Question 31.
What is meant by population density?
Answer:
Population density refers to the number of human inhabitants per square kilometer.

Question 32.
What is meant by sex ratio?
Answer:
The sex ratio refers to the ratio of males to females in a population.

Question 33.
What is child sex ratio?
Answer:
The Child Sex Ratio is defined as the sex ratio of the age group 0-6 years in a human population.

Question 34.
What is the major objective of various developmental schemes running in the state?
Answer:
To develop various social and economic aspects of the country and make people more prosperous and happier.

Question 35.
State one reason for low literacy in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Poverty.

Question 36.
What was given importance in National Education Policy?
Answer:
Primary Education.

Question 37.
Which programme is being run for the age group of 6-14 years?
Answer:
“Education For All” programme.

Question 38.
Which programme was implemented for increasing the quality of education?
Answer:
Sambalan Programme (2012-13).

Question 39.
What is the Infant Mortality rate in India and Rajasthan?
Answer:
India- 40, Rajasthan- 47 (SRS-2014).

Question 40.
What is the status of health indicators in Rajasthan?
Answer:
The condition of health indicators is not good in Rajasthan. Birth rate and death rate in the state is higher as compared to the entire country.

Question 41.
What facilities are included in healthcare facilities?
Answer:
Hospitals, number of doctors, nutrition and facility of potable water are included in the healthcare services.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the importance of Human Resource.
Answer:
Population is the main basis of development. It significantly affects the various indicators of economic development. Human resource increases the productivity of inactive physical resources by optimum utilization. Size and growth of the population, population density and urban and rural population, education and literacy, health and housing, all are affected by this. Size of Human Resource is considered as a symbol of power.

Question 2.
Explain the effect of growth of size of the population on the economy.
Answer:
The highest impacting factor in developing the human race of a particular country or state is the size and growth of population there. If the population is not controlled or remains to grow at a high rate, then the state lags behind in building a capable citizen base. The economy is negatively impacted if human capital does not grow according to its expectations. Therefore, the study of size and growth of population becomes necessary.

Question 3.
State two reasons that affect population growth rate in Rajasthan.
Answer:

• Economic backwardness :
  Along with economic development, the population growth declines. Rajasthan is backward from the point of economic development.
• Hot climate :
  Due to hot climate, people get matured early, which increases the problem of population growth.

Question 4.
What do you mean by birth rate? Explain its formula.
Answer:
Birth rate is calculated by dividing the number of live babies in a particular year by the total population and then multiplying the result by 100 to get percentage figure or by one thousand to get per thousand figure.
birth rate = B/P × 100 or 1000
where B = births taken place in an year
P = total population of the year

Question 5.
What is the effect of child marriage on population growth?
Answer:
People in the state of Rajasthan get married at a very early age. Consequently, they have children at an early age, hence the population increases. Legal age for marriage is 21 and 18 years for boys and girls respectively.

Question 6.
What do you mean by population density? What is it in India and Rajasthan?
Answer:
Population density refers to the number of human inhabitants per square kilometer. According to the 2011 census, the population density of Rajasthan was calculated at 200 persons per sq. km, while India’s population density has been 382. Highest population density is 1106 in Bihar and lowest is 17 in Arunachal Pradesh. It was 165 in Rajasthan in 2001.

Question 7.
What do you mean by sex-ratio? Explain its situation in the country and the state.
Answer:
The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. As per 2011 census, the sex- ratio in Rajasthan was 928 and for India it was 943. Therefore, the sex ratio of Rajasthan was lower than that of India. But in 2001, it was 921, thus an increase of 7 points. The population density in Rajasthan in 2011 was 165 person per sq. km. Pratapgarh has the highest sex ratio of 994 and Dholpur has the lowest at 846.

Question 8.
What do you mean by child sex ratio? Explain its situation.
Answer:
Sex ratio of age group of 0-6 is considered as child sex-ratio. In Rajasthan, the child sex- ratio decreased to 888 in 2011, which was 909 in 2001. This is a subject of serious concern in Rajasthan. The surface area of Rajasthan is 10.4 per cent of the surface area of India and 50% of the total population resides over here.

Question 9.
Explain the condition of literacy in Rajasthan.
Answer:
According to the 2011 census, the total literacy rate of Rajasthan is 66.10 per cent. The male literacy rate is 79.20 per cent while the female literacy rate is 52.10 per cent. According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate in India was 72.99%. The female literacy rate is very low as compared to male literacy rate in the state.

Question 10.
Explain the health status of Rajasthan with the help of an a health indicator table.
Answer:

Question 11.
Explain the Chief Minister Free Medicine Scheme.
Answer:
This scheme was implemented on 2nd October 2011. The objective of this plan was to provide benefits to all the patients visiting the government hospital. This plan is providing maximum medicines to the patients free of cost. Apart from this, Mother-Child security Scheme, National Children Health Program, Chief Minister BPL Security Fund Plan, Janini express, Dhanvantri 108 toll free Ambulance plan etc. are being run as well.

Question 12.
Explain the problems of the healthcare sector in Rajasthan.
Answer:
There is lack of healthcare facilities in rural and remote areas of Rajasthan. Even today, untrained nurses perform deliveries in rural regions. Due to lack of hospitals, netwrok of hakims is spread in the rural regions.

Question 13.
How is investment in Human capital helpful in economic development?
Answer:
Human capital refers to the knowledge, skill sets and motivation people have, which provide economic value. Human capital realizes that not everyone has the same skill sets or knowledge and that quality of work can be improved by investing in people’s education. Economic growth is an increase in an economy’s ability, compared to past periods, to produce goods and services. It can be determined by measuring the change in the real gross domestic product (GDP) of a country. A healthy human capital is also an important factor of economic development.

Question 14.
Across the world, there has been a tendency of decline in disparities along with improvement in average educational level Comment.
Answer:
Education plays a very important role in human resource development. Education is the basis of social, cultural and economic development of human life. Education is an important source of human capital. Education develops the work efficiency of human beings. Education helps to find a way for the betterment of lives towards a better future. That is how, this maintains an increase in the income of common people and the difference between poor and rich gets decreased. And it has also resulted in a decline in disparities.

Question 15.
Explain the role of education in the economic development of the nation.
Answer:
Education plays a major role in the economic development of any country, may it be developed or developing. Many resources play an important role in the growth of a country’s economy, one of which and perhaps the most important is human capital, which means the workforce of the country. The quantitative evidence proves primary education and the openness of the economy to be important factors for accelerating growth. In comparison to an illiterate person, a literate person is more capable, skilled, intelligent and capable of earning more income. He also extends a significant contribution in economic growth. By gaining education, not only the individual, but the family, society and nation also get benefitted. Availability of a literate work force is also helpful in adopting modem technology.

Question 16.
Explain how investment in education helps in the growth of economy.
Answer:
The skills and knowledge of a literate person is always more than that of the illiterate person. To realize and achieve their future goals and to make their future more positive and vulnerable, people invest more on their education in the wish of a better future. Investing on education not only increases the production of labour, but it also motivates to gain the power to learn new technologies which helps in the activity of the new variation.

Question 17.
Why training is important for a person in context to work?
Answer:
At present, various type of investments are made on the training on employees of the firm, which are the following :

1. The employees of the firm can be sent to the other institutes for training.
2. Training can be provided by already trained employees to other new employees.

These two reasons define that training is important for any work to be done. And this might give them the assurance that these employees would work for a long time for their betterment. Training also enhances the production and quality of labour.

Question 18.
Explain the relationship between human capital and economic growth.
Answer:
Human capital refers to the knowledge, skill sets and motivation people have, which provide economic value. Human capital realizes that not everyone has the same skill sets or knowledge and that quality of work can be improved by investing in people’s education.

Question 19.
Explain the need of promotion of female education in India.
Answer:
Even today, female literacy rate in India is low at 64.64% while male literacy rate in India is 80.89%. Therefore, due to the following reasons, encouragement to female education is important :

1. To increase the social status of women.
2. To provide the females a better background for technical know-how.
3. For their good health and for the education of their children.
4. To make them economically independent.

Question 20.
Give arguments in favour of various types of governmental interferences in education and healthcare sector.
Answer:
Health and education are the main points of economic growth. Health and educational services are provided by both public and private sector. On one hand, education helps in the production units by skilled and technical knowledge, and on the other hand, health increases the national income by making growth in the pollution free environment, and healthy labour. We also know that a healthy person is more liable to work more efficiently as compared to an unhealthy person. In the same way, a good manager can make better utilization of resources that can help in increasing the national income. Therefore, in the field of health and education, Government should have little control.

Private sector is a profit-based economy. Therefore, the health and education facilities provided by the private sector are costlier and it becomes difficult for most sections of the society to bear such an amount. Therefore, interference of government should be there for the expansion of these services. Following arguments can be made in this regard :

1. Limitation on nature of monopoly of private sector
2. Prevention on exploitation by private sector.
3. To provide health and education facilities to the socially and economically backward people.
4. To provide free health and education facilities to people living below the poverty line.
5. To prevent various diseases and epidemics.
6. To ensure the availability of balanced and healthy diet.

Question 21.
Is government interference necessary in the health and educational sector?
Answer:
Yes, because health and education sector requires a huge investment and spending. Private investors cannot be trusted because they won’t be preferring investment unless and until they earn abnormal profits, and in a developing country like India, people are not in the condition to spend exorbitent amounts on education and healthcare. Government gives priority to the health and education and it invests a huge amount of money on health and education. Therefore, government interference is necessary in the health and educational sector.

Question 22.
What is the contradictory truth behind the primary education in India?
Answer:
To estimate the gross enrollment of any particular sector of the education, the ratio of total allotted students and people related to the age groups needs to be calculated.

Like in context to India :
Ratio of primary education gross enrollment = total enrolled students in primary education / children of the age group 6-11

In 1951, gross enrollment ratio was 43%, which is more than 100% at present. The thing to consider is that how can it be 100%, which is actually true. The reason is that in our country, the children above the age group of 6-11, also get enrolled into the primary education.

Question 23.
Mention the sectors of limited success in secondary education.
Answer:
Enrolment of the students within the age group 14-18, in the secondary and higher secondary (IX, X, XI, XII) is not satisfactory. In 1951, it was 5% and now it is 20% but it still needs to be worked upon. Satisfaction is not observed in vocational education also. Provision was made to provide vocational education to almost 25% higher secondary school students, but it could only be achieved by 5% due to various circumstances.

Question 24.
State whether higher education is still a topic of concern.
Answer:
Higher education includes all type of education like basic education, technical education, medical education and vocational education. And with the changing time, the terms and conditions changed too, but still due to its comprehensive nature, many obstacles are present there. Some reasons include :

1. Expansion remained limited to normal education only. 80% enrolment took place in basic education and the remaining 20% took place in vocational education. That is why young generation could not enjoy the benefits of self-employment.
2. The difference between supply and demand of job seekers was increasing rapidly. Due to which unemployment was at its full pace. The message of government not being able to provide job facilities to the reserved section was spreading monotonously.

Question 25.
Throw light on adult and female education programme.
Answer:
This programme was initiated to overcome the issues of illiteracy. A national literacy mission committee was formed, under which provision was made to provide literacy to 11 crore people of age group 15 to 35. A formal education programme was initiated in 1976, which provided basic education to the youth of the age group 15 to 25 years. A separate female committee was also formed for the education of females. Several women polytechniques were also established in the country with objective of making women self-dependent.

Question 26.
What is “Education for All”?
Answer:
The objective of this mission is to provide education to all the illiterate people. For this, a mission named “Education for All” was initiated. For the betterment of this programme, 980 lakh people became a part of it and among them 971 lakh people came out literate.

According to the reports, after 67 years of independence, by continuous hard work, the growth in educated people have risen up to 4 times. Schools have increased up to 4 times, while students up to 5 times. Now,.the literacy rate of the country has risen to 73% from 17%.

Question 27.
Is education still a challenge for Indians?
Answer:
With the ongoing pace in the country, the education is also progressing with the same pace. According to the statistics, 80% of the students are going to school today. A programme named “Education For All” is being run to educate children in the age group of 6-14. Right to free and compulsory education has been enforced in the state under the Right to Education Act of 2009 since 1st April 2010. But still, 20% of the children are not going to the school and that is a matter of concern. Following can be the reasons for that :

1. Population growth
2. Sex ratio
3. Due to privatization
4. Lack of vocational education
5. Lack of educational resources in villages
6. Less investment on education by the Government.

Question 28.
Explain that the words literacy and education do not mean the same.
Answer:
Literacy is defined as acquiring the ability to read, write and understand. Literacy provides a person with the ability to acquire information to develop the know-how called education. While an educated person can be a literate, every literate person cannot be called educated. Three types of education are there :

1. Primary Education
2. Middle Education
3. Higher level Education.

Question 29.
State and explain two sources of Human Capital.
Answer:

• Investment on Education :
  The skills and knowledge of a literate person is always more than that of the illiterate person. To realize and achieve their future goals and to make their future more positive and vulnerable, people invest more on their education in the wish of a better future.
• Investment on health :
  Health pan rapidly increase the economic and general development of a person. People’s health is primarily effected by eating habits, balanced diet, drinking water and proper housing. Good health increases the efficiency of people.

Question 30.
Why was government interference required in the field of education and health?
Answer:
Health and education are the main bases of economic growth. Health and educational services, are provided by both public and private sector. On one hand, education helps in the production units by skilled and technical knowledge, and on the other hand, health increases the national income by making growth in the pollution free environment, and healthy labour. We also know that a healthy person is more liable to work more efficiently as compared to an unhealthy person. In the same way, a good manager can make better utilization of resources that can help in increasing the national income. Therefore, in the field of health and education, Government should have little control.

Question 31.
Explain the effect of education and literacy on human life.
Answer:
Education helps people to build opinions and have points of view on things in life and literacy helps to develop the work ability of the people. Thus, education and literacy has a positive effect on human life.

RBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 25 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the problems and solutions of formation of Human Capital. Also explain the importance of education.
Answer:
Problems of formation of Human Capital in India :

• Rapidly increasing Population :
  Rapidly increasing population adversely affects the quality of human capital formation in developing countries. It reduces per capita availability of existing facilities. A large population requires huge investment in education and health. This diverts the scarce money to production of human capital at the cost of physical capital.
• High Regional and Gender Inequality :
  Regional and gender inequality lowers the human development levels.
• Brain Drain :
  Migration of highly skilled labour is termed as “Brain Drain” and this adversely affects the economic development.
• Insufficient on-the-job-training in agriculture :
  Agricultural sector is being neglected, where the workers are not given on-the-job training to adopt emerging new technologies.
• High Poverty Level :
  A large proportion of the population lives below the poverty line and does not have access to basic health and educational facilities. A large section of society cannot afford to get higher education or expensive medical treatment for any major disease.

Solutions for the problems of Human Capital Formation :

1. By checking the excessive population growth.
2. The supply of labour should be in line with the demand of labour through population planning.
3. Education should not only be ideology prioritized, but it should also be vocational prioritized.
4. Human capital formation should be made a part of National Development Programme.

Importance of education :
Education includes the ability to read and write and to understand that. The literacy rate in a developing country like India is 65%, while it is 90% to 95% in the developed countries.
Important points for the importance of Education :

1. Education gives us a knowledge of the world around us and changes it into something better.
2. It develops a perspective of looking at life in a positive manner in an individual.
3. It helps people build opinions and have a positive outlook on things in life.
4. It helps to become financially independent.
5. Education majorly affects our understanding of the difference between right and wrong.
6. Education helps one to become a useful member of the society.
7. Education is vital for the economic prosperity of a nation.

Question 2.
What is human capital formation? Explain the sources of human capital formation.
Answer:
Human capital formation is “The process of acquiring and increasing the number of persons who have the skills, education and experience which are critical for the economic and the political development of the country”.

• Investment on Education :
  The skills and knowledge of a literate person is always more than that of an illiterate person. Investing on education not only increases the production of labour, but it also motivates to gain the power to learn new technologies which helps in the activity of the new variation.
• Investment on health :
  Health can rapidly increase the economic and general development of a person. People’s health is primarily effected by eating habits, balanced diet, drinking water and proper housing. Good health increases the efficiency of people.
• Migration :
  People sometimes migrate from one place to the other in search of better job. It includes migration of people from rural areas to urban areas in India and migration of technical personnel from India to other countries of the world. Migration in both these cases involves cost of transport, higher cost of living in the migrated places and psychic costs of living in a strange socio-cultural set-up. The enhanced earnings in the new place outweigh the cost of migration. Expenditure on migration is also a source of capital formation.
• Training during task :
  Many types of investments are made on the training on employees of the firm, by which the employees of the firm can be sent to the other institutes for training. Also, training can motivate the employees to train other employees.
• Investment on information :
  Through proper information, one can know about various business opportunities present in the world. This helps in formation of human capital.