RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 India: Cultural Unity in Geographical Diversity

RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 India: Cultural Unity in Geographical Diversity

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 India: Cultural Unity in Geographical Diversity

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Text Book Questions

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Type Questions

Question 1.
How many rivers are included in Sapta Sindhu?
(a) seventeen
(b) hundred
(c) eleven
(d) seven
Answer:
(d) seven

Question 2.
The fundamental medicine system of India is:
(a) Allopathy
(b) Homoeopathy
(c) Ayurvedic
(d) Unani
Answer:
(c) Ayurvedic

Question 3.
Baisakhi is an important festival of which state?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Punjab
Answer:
(d) Punjab

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by the term culture?
Answer:
The sum total of attitudes, customes and beliefs that distinguish one group of people from another is called culture. The culture is transmitted through language, material objects, rituals, institutions and art, from one generation to the other.

Question 2.
In which language have the Vedas and Puranas been written?
Answer:
The Vedas and Puranas have been written in Sanskrit language.

Question 3.
Which are four mathas of Adi Shankaracharya?
Answer:
Four Mathas of Shankaracharya include Jyothirmath (Himalaya), Sringerinath (Mysore), Shardamath (Dwarka), and Goverdhanmath (Puri).

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a holy pilgrimage and how is it formed?
Answer:
A place (town, city, river, sea, mountain) that is famous as a birth place or death place of a saint or a great man is called holy pilgrimage. All the pilgrimage places are considered the greatest spots and a visit to these places is considered as pious. The religious feelings of the people are attached with them. So, many people visit these holy places and gradually these spots turn into holy pilgrimages.

Question 2.
How does geography affect the food habits.
Answer:
In India, the production of food is unequal. This is because there are two main components involved in sustained production that are also distributed irregularly. These components include the environment capacity of the area and human capacity. In temperate zones, where enough water is available, wheat is cultivated, and in the tropical zones, cultivation of rice is done, therefore people of related areas consume the respective crop.

That is why, the population related to coastal areas include fish and rice in their food, while the people belonging to plains are mostly vegetarian and they eat food grains and consume dairy products in their food. So, the food habits depend on geographical conditions.

Question 3.
Write the names of rivers included in the Sapta Sindhu and five holy ponds (Sarovars).
Answer:
Sapta Sindhu is a term found in the Hindu scriptures and is the common name given to seven rivers which flowed through North-west of India. The names of these seven rivers are Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati, Narmada, Godavari, Sindhu and Kaveri.

There is a legend that these seven rivers flowed down to earth when Indra killed Vritra. The point that is to be noted here is that the names of the seven rivers are mentioned differently in different scriptures.
The names of 5 sarovars (ponds) include Mansarovar (Himalayas), Kurukshetra Sarovar (Haryana), Galtaji (Rajasthan, Jaipur), Pushkarji (Ajmer, Rajashthan), and Pampa Sarovar (South India).

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Write an essay on “Cultural Unity in Geographical Diversity”.
Answer:
India has retained its diversity from ancient time up till date. Being a large country with a large population, India presents endless variety of physical features and cultural patterns. It is a land of diversity in race, religion, caste, language, landforms, flora and fauna. In short, India is the epitome of the world.

Cultural unity amidst various diversities is found in India. In spite of differences in languages, religions, dresses and manners, Indian culture is homogeneous. In ancient time, the rock architecture of the Mauryan period found its impression throughout India. The Gandhara school of Art and Mathura school of Art also flourished. The Indo – Islamic Art and architecture were alike in every nook and corner of India.

Several inscriptions found in different parts of the country bore uniformity in many aspects, though the events and narratives were different. Similarly, many festivals like Holi, Diwali, Dusshera, Raksha Bandhan, Eid, Shab – e – Barat, Christmas, Good Friday are observed throughout the country, with their colourful texture.

Further, the Kumbha fair at Allahabad, Haridwar and Ujjain are attended by people from different parts of the country. Similarly many rites like birth – rite, funeral – rite, etc. are observed throughout the country. The caste system, family sanctity, modes of offering several social ceremonies are found to be almost in a similar manner in different parts of the country. Thus, the cultural unity amidst diversities in India is a unique phenomenon.

Question 2.
Describe the role of holy pilgrimage in the cultural unity of India.
Answer:
Despite various diversities, there are bonds of unity in India. These bonds of unity may be present in certain underlying uniformity of life, as well as in certain mechanism of integration.

According to Herbert Kisley, “Beneath the manifold diversity of physical and social types: languages, customs and religions, which strike the observer in India, there can still be discerned a certain underlying uniformity of life from Himalayas to Cape Comorin”.

Although various religions groups in India present several elements of external difference, yet it is not impossible to trace an element common to all. Each religion preaches a fundamentally single religious faith and shares a belief in the purity and value of life and faith in the invisible power with every other religious system.

Religious unity in India finds its expression through the places of pilgrimages and worship, scattered all over country. Such religious places of the Hindus, like Badrinath in the north, Dwarka in the west, Rameswaram in the south and Jagannath Puri in the east, represent the religious unity of this vast country.

These pilgrimage centers of great spiritual value comprehend the sentiments of patriotism and a feeling for the unity of the country. Similarly, there are hundreds of other monuments (national) which, all Indians, irrespective of race, culture or religion, pay homage. Mountains like the Himalayas, rivers like the Ganga make every Hindu feel that every inch of our land is sacred.

The legends of Rama and Krishna are enchanted and sung with equal fervor. People also speak languages such as Tamil, Telugu and others. Recounting the names of major rivers in the country such as the Ganges, the Yamuna, the Godavari, the Kaveri, etc., these rivers provide water which assists in the development of all the citizens of the country.

Just like a mother nurtures her children, in the same manner, our feeling of motherhood towards the rivers maintains the relevance of rivers in the form of a joint heritage. Therefore, it is clear that every place of pilgrimage, whether it is a holy place of the Hindus or Muslims or Sikhs or Christians, plays an important role in keeping all the Indians united.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Type Questions

Question 1.
Which of the following is a temperate climatic crop?
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Tea
(d) Sugarcane
Answer:
(b) Wheat

Question 2.
Which of the following has the topmost place in Indian food?
(a) Cow’s milk
(b) Goat’s milk
(c) Buffalo’s milk
(d) Sheep’s milk
Answer:
(a) Cow’s milk

Question 3.
Under which law is the right of new inventions provided?
(a) Registered
(b) Trademark
(c) Patent
(d) I.S.O.
Answer:
(c) Patent

Question 4.
The sprouts of cultural unity are created in the schools in the stage of:
(a) Childhood
(b) Adolescence
(c) Maturity
(d) Senility
Answer:
(a) Childhood

Question 5.
Where is the festival of Pongal celebrated?
(a) in north India
(b) in east India
(c) in west India
(d) in south India
Answer:
(d) in south India

Question 6.
In which state is the pilgrimage of Rameswaram situated?
(a) in Uttarakhand
(b) in Assam
(c) in Tamil Nadu
(d) in Orissa
Answer:
(c) in Tamil Nadu

Question 7.
In which language have the Vedas been written?
(a) in Avadhi language
(b) in Sanskrit language
(c) in English language
(d) in Hindi language
Answer:
(b) in Sanskrit language

Question 8.
From which country maximum tourists visit India (2007)?
(a) Bangladesh
(b) United Kingdom
(c) United States of America
(d) Germany
Answer:
(c) United States of America

Question 9.
Which of the following is not a part of five holy sarovars (ponds)?
(a) Mansarovar
(b) Galtaji
(c) Pushkar
(d) Haridwar
Answer:
(b) Galtaji

Question 10.
Shardamath is situated in:
(a) Dwarka
(b) The Himalayas
(c) Mysore
(d) Puri
Answer:
(a) Dwarka

Question 11.
World Health Organization has considered this the best food system:
(a) All food
(b) non – vegeterian food
(c) Vegeterian food
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(c) Vegeterian food

Matching Type Questions

Question A.
Match Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
(i) The ancient medical system of India	(a) Rajasthan
(ii) Ghaghara – Lungari	(b) Southern India
(iii) Eid – al – Fitr	(c) India
(iv) Lungi	(d) Islam religion
(v) Ayodhya	(e) Ayurveda
(vi) World Guru	(f) Pilgrimage city

Answers:

1. (e)
2. (a)
3. (d)
4. (b)
5. (f)
6. (c)

Question B.
Match Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
(i) Indian	(a) Ghaghara – Lungari
(ii) Punjabi	(b) Kurta and Payjama
(iii) Muslims	(c) Salwar – Suit
(iv) Lucknow – based	(d) Lahanga – Chunari
(v) Rajasthani	(e) Dhoti – Kurta
(vi) Gujarati	(f) Pathani suit

Answers:

1. (e)
2. (c)
3. (f)
4. (b)
5. (a)
6. (d)

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Very short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why are the activities of the Indians found to be different?
Answer:
Due to the geographical variations found in India, the activities of the Indians are found to be different.

Question 2.
Whose gift is the multi – dimensional culture of India?
Answer:
The multi – dimensional culture of India is the gift of cultural diversity of India.

Question 3.
What effects do the geographical conditions of a country have on related people?
Answer:
The geographical conditions of a country not only affect the physical structure of the people, but they also influence their food habits and their lifestyle.

Question 4.
What is helpful in forming the culture of a country?
Answer:
The geographical conditions are directly or indirectly helpful in forming the culture of the related country.

Question 5.
Which fooding style is considered the best by the WHO?
Answer:
The vegetarian food style is considered the best by WHO.

Question 6.
What has provided further strength to our cultural unity?
Answer:
Education and modes of communication and transportation have provided further strength to our cultural unity.

Question 7.
Which medicine systems are practiced in India?
Answer:
Various medicine systems like Ayurveda, Allopathy, Homeopathy and Unani are practiced in India.

Question 8.
How do the Indian children tie themselves in a thread of unity?
Answer:
The Indian children play different roles in annual and other cultural functions of their schools with different dressings and in this way they start to tie themselves in the thread of unity.

Question 9.
Why is Kanyadaan (the marriage of daughter) considered the greatest form of charity in Indian culture?
Answer:
A daughter plays various creative roles in the form of daughter, sister, life partner and mother in her life, and so, Kanyadaan (the marriage of daughter) is considered the greatest form of charity in Indian culture.

Question 10.
Name any five historical and archaeological centres of India.
Answer:
The names of five historical and archaeological centres in India are Rajgir, Sarnath, Hampi, Aurangabad and Khajuraho.

Question 11.
Name any five tourism centres in India.
Answer:
Mount Abu, Shimla, Pachmarhi, Udhagamandalam, Bodh Gaya.

Question 12.
Name the major mountaineering centres in India.
Answer:
Diphu, Tejpur, Surajkund, Dharamshala, Vadodara, Jaipur, etc.

Question 13.
Name any three skiing areas of India.
Answer:
Gulmarg, Manali and Kullu are the main skiing areas of India.

Question 14.
Name any five Sanctuaries and National parks in India.
Answer:
Jim Corbett National Park, (Uttarakhand), Dudhwa National Park, (Uttar Pradesh), Gangotri National Park, (Uttarakhand), Kanha National Park, (Madhya Pradesh), Kaziranga National Park, (Assam), Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary, (Rajasthan), Sariska Tiger Reserve, (Rajasthan).

Question 15.
Name any five Aryan Languages of India.
Answer:
Five Aryan languages of India are Hindi, Gujarati, Punjabi, Marathi and Bangla.

Question 16.
Name the five countries from which maximum tourists visit India.
Answer:
Most of the tourists visit India from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Canada.

Question 17.
Name three leading Indian languages which are used by newspapers and magazines.
Answer:
Hindi, English and Marathi languages are mostly used by newspapers and magazines.

Question 18.
How do the Indian scriptures written in Sanskrit prove their importance?
Answer:
The Indian scriptures written in Sanskrit prove their importance as they are largely being translated in almost all the popular languages of world for obtaining the basic knowledge of life and morality of India.

Question 19.
Name any four Dravidian languages of India.
Answer:
The four major Dravidian languages of India are Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Malayalam.

Question 20.
Which of the works are considered as immortal books in Indian culture?
Answer:
Vedas, Puranas, Upanishads, Ramayana and Bhagawad Gita are considered as immortal books in Indian culture.

Question 21.
Name the poets who have made the Indian culture prosperous by their writings.
Answer:
Surdas, Tulsidas, Kabirdas, Raidas, Mira Bai, Dadu, etc. poets have made the Indian culture prosperous by their writings.

Question 22.
Which are the natural powers according to Indian mythology?
Answer:
Water, air and sun (insolation) are considered as natural powers in Indian mythology.

Question 23.
Why have the rivers been called as life – giving in Indian mythology?
Answer:
All the civilizations of the world developed on the banks of different rivers. Moreover, they provide water for our agricultural purposes, as well as to quench our thirst, so they are called as life – giving.

Question 24.
Which moral values have developed in the Indians due to positive effects of natural powers?
Answer:
Due to positive affects of natural powers, moral values like generosity, tolerance, co – ordination, susceptibility have developed in the Indians.

Question 25.
Name the main caves situated in India.
Answer:
The main caves situated in India are Ajanta – Ellora caves, Elephenta caves, Bagh caves, Udayagiri caves and Khandagjri caves.

Question 26.
Which are the chief pilgrimage centres of India?
Answer:
The chief pilgrimage centres oi India are Varanasi, Haridwar, Ayodhya, Prayag, Ajmer, Ujjain, Mathura, Nashik, Amritsar, Patna, Nathdwara, Sarnath, Nalanda, Sanchi etc.

Question 27.
Name the main places of pilgrimage situated in the mountainous areas of India.
Answer:
The main places of pilgrimage situated in mountainous areas India are Kailash, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, Yamunotri, Pavagadh, Palitana, Sammed Shikhar, Girnar Parvat, Pavapuri, Dilwara, and Ranakpur etc.

Question 28.
What is the feeling of “We” instead of T ?
Answer:
Renouncing the feeling of selfishness, when we think the good for all and T am for all, the feeling of ‘We’ instead of T develops.

Question 29.
How can the disputes over river-water be solved?
Answer:
If we develop the feeling of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”, i.e. the entire world is our family and we are for the entire world, the disputes over river-water can be solved in no time.

Question 30.
How does India have a unique place in the world?
Answer:
In spite of various diversities, the feeling of unity in the Indians provides it a unique place in the world.

Question 31.
Why is India called the Vishwa Guru (The teacher of the world)?
Answer:
Indian culture and civilization have been prosperous and unique since the ancient period, and it has made the entire world progressive, hence it is considered as the Vishwa Guru.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

Question 1.
Why is the position of India important in the world?
Answer:
Deu to geographical diversities, many types of differences are seen in India. The activities, the religions, the dressing, food habits, etc. of people are different in different parts of India, which present the multi – dimensional and lateral culture there. But one thing that is common among the Indians is patriotism, unity and integrity and the feeling of oneness. That’s why, India has a unique and important position in the world.

Question 2.
Which cultural factors are effected by the geographical conditions?
Answer:
The geographical conditions influence the formation of culture at large and the culture of a country influence the food habits, medicine system, lifestyle, festivals, languages, literature, religion and philosophy. All these influence can be felt in every sphere of life and every part of the country and so the trends and traditions of associated regions keep on changing accordingly.

Question 3.
Why is Indian food considered the best in the world?
Answer:
Indian culture is very developed. It’s identity is seen is the form of vegetarian food popular in India. Indians mostly consume food grains and vegetables in their diet which is a completely righteous diet. A righteous meal creates righteous qualities and feelings inside man. That is why, World Health Organisation considers Indian food as the best. Cow’s milk, which is an indispensable part of Indian meal, makes the Indian diet healthy and wholesome. Cow’s milk is considered in India as the nectar.

Question 4.
How is the unity seen in the diversity of Indian food?
Answer:
Indian food is the tastiest, subtlest, and the most healthy also, in the entire world. There is no homogeneity of flavor between north and south, east and west, but rather, a wealth of flavors is there, that is simple staggering. Culinary diversity is one of India’s treasures. Indian culinary diversity generally tends towards the search for a well-balanced symbiosis between spices and herbs, offering very tasty dishes which always have surprising medicinal properties.

Question 5.
Describe the diversity which is found in Indian clothing.
Answer:
Clothing in India varies, depending on the difference in ethnicity, geography, climate and cultural traditions of the people of each region of India. Historically, male and female clothing has evolved from simple “Langotas” and “Lionel oths” to cover the body to celebrate the customs, not only used in daily wear, but also on festive occasions as well as rituals and dance performances.

In urban areas, western clothing is common and usually worn by people of all social levels. India also has a great diversity in terms of weaves, fibres, colours and material of clothing. Colour codes are followed in clothing, based on the religion and the ritual concerned. Clothing in India also encompasses a wide variety of India embroidery.

Question 6.
Which festivals are celebrated in India?
Answer:
India is well – known all over the world as a country of cultural and traditional festivals as it has various cultures and religions. One can enjoy festive celebrations in India every month. As it is a secular country full of diversities in religions, languages, cultures and castes, it is always crowded with the people involved in the celebration of fairs and festivals.

People from each religion have their respective cultural and traditional festivals. Some of the festivals like Diwali, Holi, Dusshera, Eid – al Fitr, Barawafat, Christmas, Good Friday, Lohri, Pongal, etc. are celebrated almost in the entire India.

India is a country with an example of unity in diversity as it has people from various religions like Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Jain, Christian, etc. Some of the festivals are celebrated at national level, whereas some others are celebrated at regional level.

Question 7.
Name the important television centers of India.
Answer:
The important television centres in India include Shrinagar, Leh, Jammu, Jalandhar, Shimla, Delhi, Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Agra, Patna, Kurseong, Itanagar, Dibrugarh, Guyvahati, Kohima, Imphal, Aizawl, Silchar, Ranchi, Visakhapatnam, Jagdalpur, Vijayawada, Hyderabad, Chennai, Puducherry, Thiruvananthapuram, Hassan, Dharwad, Gulmarg, Pune, Nagpur, Jaipur, Indore, Bhopal, Jabalpur, Gwalior etc.

Question 8.
Describe the pattern of Indian magazines and newspapers on the basis of language.
Answer:
The magazines and newspapers in India are published in different languages. The percentage of magazines published in Hindi language is the highest with 39.77 per cent. The newspapers and magazines published in English language rank second in India with 14.39 per cent. Many magazines and newspapers in various languages like Marathi, Urdu, Bengali, Gujarati, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Oriya, Punjabi, are also published in India. The percentage of bi – language based newspapers and magazines in India is 6.69. The percentage of newspapers and magazines in other languages is 2.78.

Question 9.
What effect does geography make on the thinkers and their thoughts of a country?
Or
How are the thoughts of scholars effected by the geographical conditons?
Or
How have the geographic diversities controlled the thoughts of the thinkers in India?
Answer:
The geographical environment has deeply impacted the Indian thinkers. Due to these environmental conditions, differences and generosity is witnessed in the thoughts of the Indian thinkers. Due to the importance of these natural conditions, the five great elements (Panch Mahavratas) are accepted in the country. Witnessing the evolution and ruin of living beings, whether they are creatures or vegetations, the thoughts of the thinkers have inclined towards reincarnation. Realizing the value of the impact of natural powers, Indian scholars and thinkers have considered them Godly.

Question 10.
What effect has the repugnance of natural powers made on the human beings?
Or
How is the indignation of natural powers harmful to the human beings? Explain.
Answer:
The indignation (anger) of natural powers is harmful for the human beings in the following ways:

1. The anger of natural powers inversely affects agriculture and other economic activities.
2. The anger of natural powers like water, creates the most troublesome conditions like floods and droughts on the earth.
3. The indignation of air causes storms which destroy the vegetation and human life.
4. Tsunami, wildfire, etc. are also the forms of the indignation of natural powers and they are capable to destroy the world within a few moments.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)

Question 1.
Why is there a difference between the clothing of North India and South India?
Answer:
The Indian clothing is controlled by geographical environment. In north India, the climate changes according to the seasons, that’s why the clothing also keeps on changing according to summer, rainy and winter seasons. In the hard days of summer, cotton clothes with light colours, in the cold days of winter, woolen clothes with dark colours, and in rainy season, light clothes are worn.

On the other hand, in southern India, climate remains constant during most of the year. The surface of south India is a peneplain in which there is a network of small rivers, therefore, people in South India have to walk on wet and watery ground. That’s why, the people in south India like to wear Lungi, and chappals in the feet, instead of shoes.

Question 2.
There is a unity in diversity in the lifestyle of India. Explain.
Or
Unity is witnessed in the diversities of lifestyle in India. Discuss.
Answer:
Many diversities related to lifestyle are seen in different parts of India. But there is a feeling of unity seen everywhere here. This sense of unity may be understood by the following points:

1. In entire India, the rituals like birth, marriage, death etc. are celebrated with similar feelings.
2. During the performance of rituals, cultural traditions are also witnessed.
3. Women have a high value and place in all the Indian societies.
4. Kanyadaan (daughter’s marriage) is considered the greatest form of charity in Indian society.
5. In several clothings, participation in social and cultural programmes and festivals, unity in diversity is clearly witnessed.

Question 3.
What is the importance of festivals and fairs in the Indian culture?
Or
Indian fairs and festivals play an important role in the unity of India. Explain.
Or
Folk arts have played an important role in integrating the culture of India. How? Elaborate.
Answer:
The folk arts, festivals and fairs are unique characteristics of Indian culture and civilization. Our folk arts have overwhelmed everyone. The importance of folk arts in Indian culture can be explained as given below:

1. Fairs, festivals and folk arts make the Indian culture multi – dimensional.
2. The fairs, festivals and folk arts have created zeal and energy in the Indians.
3. The fairs and festivals have united the people of different castes, colour and creeds.
4. India with different cultures, looks like a sea in which many rivers fall and become united.
5. All the people in India from different religions celebrate their festivals with each other joyfully. That’s why, the feelings of brotherhood, oneness and equality have developed in Indian culture.
6. At the time of harvesting of new crops, there is a season of joy and festivity.
7. Along with providing entertainment, local folk arts also and perform the task of uniting the Indian culture.

On the basis of above points, is it clear that the fairs, festivals and folk arts play an important role in integrating the culture of India.

Question 4.
Write the names of major All India Radio and FM centres of India and clarify their importance.
Answer:
The important All India radio and FM centres in India include Chandigarh, Suratgarh, Rohtak, Alwar, Ajmer, Jodhpur, Kota, Godhra, Guna, Balaghat, Khandwa, Betul, Jalgaon, Akola, Parbhani, Mumbai, Ratnagiri, Sangli, Kolhapur, Mysore, Kozhikode, Thrissur, Coimbatore, Nagercoil, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, Chennai, Cuddapah, Hyderabad, Adilabad, Jaipur, Chandrapur, Sagar, Raigarh, Bilaspur, Cuttack, Kolkata, Chhattarpur, Darbhanga, Kanpur, etc.

The importance of All India Radio and FM centers:
The All India Radio and FM centers have resulted into development of communication in a rapid manner in inaccessible areas. The transmission of radio and FM has facilitated education. These centers prove to be very helpful for rescue purposes during the emergency periods, flood conditions and at the time of other disasters.

Question 5.
Describe the foreign tourists visiting India.
Answer:
The pattern of tourists visiting India is full of diversities. Tourists from all the continents visit India for several purposes. But most of the tourists, about 15.24 per cent, are from the United States of America. About 4.21 per cent tourists are from Canada. It is clear from this data that about one-fifth of tourists who visit India are from Northern America.

The tourists from other countries of Asian continent rank second. Out of which 10.26 per cent from Bangladesh, 4.14 per cent from Sri Lanka, 2.75 per cent from Japan, 2.40 per cent from China, 2.61 per cent from Russia, 1.85 per cent from Singapore, 2.19 per cent from Malaysia and 1.56 per cent from South Korea, from Australia, 2.77 per cent, and from rest of the nations, around 25.89 per cent tourists visit India very year. The tourists from European continents who come to India stand at the third position. Out of which 14.70 per cent tourists from United Kingdom, 3.39 per cent from France, 3.87 per cent from Germany visit India every year.

The percentage of the tourists visiting India is shown in the following pie graph :

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 3 Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the importance of rivers in India.
Or
How have the rivers proved important for Indian economy?
Or
The Indian rivers have provided the Indians a strong economic ground. Explain.
Answer:
The rivers is India are all pious. The Ganga, The Yamuna, The Saryu, The Narmada, The Sindhu, are all sacred for us. They all play an important role in our agriculture and promote our trades. For every Indian, a river is like a temple and one’s own mother.

A mother, as we know, has to suffer for her children. Our rivers have a similar fate. All our big rivers originate from some hill or mountain. They are fed by snow or rain or both. So, the Indus, the Ganges, The Kosi, flow all the year round. Other rivers flow only during the rainy season and they get dried up in summer.

Triveni Sangam at Allahabad is a lovely place, but more than this, it is a holy place. No wonder, our saints and thinkers have lived and passed away on the banks of these rivers since ancient times.

In this way, our rivers feed on ordinary water, snow water and rain water. But they give us the precious water which is very essential for sustenance of life.

1. They provide health to our fields and forest. The silt they bring is nutrition for our soil. A barren piece of land is turned into a lovely garden by this.

2. They feed not only our land and our plants, but also our mills and factories. River water is turned into hydro – power called electricity, and thus, in turn, it helps our trade and industry.

3. Rivers toil across all the rocks and come to us running, playing and smiling. They lead their life just as a mother sacrifices everything for her children.

Question 2.
Describe the major tourist spots situated in India.
Or
Why are foreign tourists attracted towards India? Explain.
Answer:
India is a land of diversities. There are many types of diversities, like, geographical, climatic, cultural, biological, religious, drainage, found in India. All these colourful diversities have made India a unique nation. Due to all these diversities, India has grown into a country of peculiar beauty, a land of natural and colourful culture. Therefore, the tourists from across the world want to see and visit India always.

The major tourist spots that attract the world tourists towards India are given below:

1. Historical and Archaeological centers:
India has a glorious history. So, there are many historical and archaeological centers here which attract the foreigners. In these centers, various forts and fortresses, ponds, caves, pillars, and old capitals are included, which are mainly situated in Sarnath, Agra, Ranchi, Alwar, Chittorgarh, Aurangabad, Ajanta and Ellora, Elephanta, Belgaum, Vellore, Gwalior, Murshidabad, Kurukshetra, etc.

2. Religious centers:
India is a land of many religions. So, various religious tourist centers have developed here, such as Kedarnath, Badrinath, Rameswaram, Jagannath Puri, Mathura, Ayodhya, Kashi, Shravasti, Prayag, Ajmer, Vaishno Devi, Haridwar, Rishikesh, Dwarka, Varanasi, Ujjain, Madurai etc.

3. Sanctuaries and National Parks:
Due to biological diversities found in India, many sanctuaries and national parks have been developed here, where the travellers come to have a closer watch at different types of birds and animals. Keoaladev, Ranthambore, Sariska, Kanha, Jim Corbett, Kaziranga, Simlipal, Bandipur, Gir, Palamu, Dihang Dibang, Nokrek, etc. are some of the major national parks and sanctuaries situated in India.

4. Mountaineering centers:
The mountaineering centers in India also attract the wanderers of the world. These are mainly located at Dharamsala, Diphu, Tejpur, Vadodara and Jaipur.

5. Lakes and Ponds:
The lakes and ponds found in India also draw the attention of world tourists. Dal, Wular, Nakki, Sambhar, Rajsamand, Pushkar, Kolayat, Ana Sagar, Fateh Sagar, Chilka, Udai Sagar, Pulicat, etc. are some of the important lakes of India. »The dams like Bhakra-Nangal Dam, Hirakund, Harike barrage, Tehri, Pong, Nagarjuna Sagar etc. also invite the tourists to have a glimpse of their beauty.

6. Natural beauty spots:
Many natural spots in India are famous for their marvellous and unique beauty in the world and so they are the spots of attraction for the entire world. Some of these natural beautiful spots in India are Nainital, Shimla, Dehradun, Mount Abu, Pachmarhi, Ooty, Guwahati, Shillong, etc.

The main centers of tourism are shown in the following map:

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