RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Natural Vegetation of India

RBSE Solutions for Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Natural Vegetation of India

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Natural Vegetation of India

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Text Book Questions

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The state where teak-trees are not found is:
(a) Jammu – Kashmir
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Chhattisgarh
Answer:
(a) Jammu – Kashmir

Question 2.
The forests which are the found in the areas of less than 50 cm rainfall are called as:
(a) dry forests
(b) desert a forests
(c) monsoon forests
(d) evergreen forests
Answer:
(b) desert a forests

Question 3.
The set of trees in mountain forest is:
(a) Pine, Fir, Larch
(b) Mango, Bamboo, Babool
(c) Babool, Peepal, Pine
(d) Coconut, Sheesham, Fir
Answer:
(a) Pine, Fir, Larch

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where are the mangrove trees found?
Answer:
The mangrove trees are found in the deltas of rivers Ganga, Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Kaveri.

Question 2.
Who has the control on the Community Forest?
Answer:
The local government, Nagar Nigam, Nagar Palika, city council etc. have control on the community forests.

Question 3.
What per cent of Indian land should be forested according to Government Policy?
Answer:
Government Policy is to make 33 per cent of Indian land forested.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is State – Forest?
Answer:
State forest is a forest that is administered, looked after, protected, completely by some agency of a sovereign or federal state or territory.

Question 2.
Where are Dry Forests found?
Answer:
Dry Forests are found in the regions where there is an average annual rainfall is between 50 cm to 100 cm. These types of forests are found mainly in south – western Punjab, Haryana, eastern Rajasthan and south – western Uttar Pradesh in India.

Question 3.
What types of trees are included in Monsoon Forests?
Answer:
Mainly, the trees of Sal, Teak, Neem, Sandal, Rosewood, Pine, Abony, Mango, Sheesham, Bamboo, Mahua, Gooseberry , Blackberry etc. are included in the forests of monsoon forests.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Write an essay on the products obtained from Indian forests.
Answer:
Indian forests are very important with economic point of view. The products that are obtained from Indian forests have been classified into two categories.

1. Main products:
Timber, coal, wood etc. are included in the main products of forests:

(a) Fir:
It is generally hard, brownish – yellow, and durable and valuable wood. It is used to make railways – sleepers. Oil is also obtained from it.

(b) Pine:
Pine wood is light in weight, so it is used for making packing-boxes, boats and furniture. Turpentine oil is also obtained from it.

(c) White pine:
The wood of white pine is whitish, soft and durable, so it is used to make paper pulp, matchsticks, light boxes and packing frames.

(d) Sal Tree:
Sal wood is hard, durable, brownish and valuable, so it is used in making Railways coaches, buildings, furniture and bridges.

(e) Sheesham:
Its wood is hard, solid, brownish in colour and durable and so it is used in making buildings, railways – coaches, furniture and bridges.

(f) Babool:
The gum, roots, bark of babool are used for making medicines. Its bark is also used to dye the leather.

(g) Khair Tree:
Being very hard, Khair wood is used to make pillars, plough and other agricultural equipments. Oil is also obtained from khair wood.

Secondary Products:
Secondary forest products include sealing gum, gum, different type of grasses, tendu leaves, honey, wax, mahua, leather dyeing materials etc.

1. Sealing gum:
India is the largest sealing gum producer in the world. Sealing gum is obtained from Lucifer Lakha worm in a glutinous material form.

2. Gum:
It is a glutinous sap obtained from the trees of Neem, Pipal, Khejara, Kikar, Babool etc. It is used in eating, fixing and making medicines.

3. Grasses:
Different types of grasses like Poppy, Palmaroja, Agni, Munj, Sevan and Dhaman etc. are obtained from the forests and are used for many purposes.

4. Leather Dyeing materials:
Materials obtained from the barks, leaves, fruits and flowers of specific trees are used for dyeing the leather. These types of trees include Harad – Bahera, Amla, Mangrove, Kuch and Gambier etc.

Question 2.
Write an essay on different type of forests and their distribution.
Answer:
India is a country of vast geographical diversity. Due to this, the vegetation found here also reflects variations on regional basis because of various controlling conditions. Indian forests can be classified as follows:

The distribution of forests on geographical basis can be explained as follows:

1. Evergreen Forests:
Evergreen forests are found in the regions where there is more than 200 cm annual rainfall. In India, such type of forests in India are found in the western slope of Western Ghats, Andaman-Nicobar group of islands, Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya and Terai areas.

2. Autumn Forests or Monsoon Forests:
These type of forests shed their leaves in dry season. These type of forests are found in the lower part of Northern mountainous region, Vindhayachal and Satpura hills, Plateau of Chhota Nagpur, hilly area of Assam, southern part of Eastern Ghats and the leeward eastern regions of Western Ghats.

3. Dry Forests:
These type of forests are found at places where annual rainfall is 50-100 cm. Dry forests are mainly found in south – western Punjab, Haryana, Eastern Rajasthan and south-western Uttar Pradesh.

4. Desert Forests:
Desert forests are found in the areas where there is less than 50 cm rainfall annually. These are found in south – western Punjab, western Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.

5. Mountain Forests:
These types of forests are found at Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra and Pachmarhi in Madhya Pradesh. The height of these trees varies from 15 m to 18 m. The stenls of these forests have large circumference. In the Himalayan region of North India and hills of Assam, these type of forests are found at the height of more than 180 m.

6. Tidal Forests:
These type of forests are found at the mouth of peninsular rivers such as Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri etc. and in the deltas of Ganga and Brahmaputra.

The distribution of forests in India is shown in the map as follows:

Map Based Questions

Question 1.
On the map of India, show the regions of Dry Forests.
Answer:

Question 2.
On the map of India, show the regions of Tidal Forests.
Answer:

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The forests that remain green all-round the year are called as:
(a) Evergreen forests
(b) Deciduous forests
(c) Dry forests
(d) Desert forests
Answer:
(a) Evergreen forests

Question 2.
Which type of forests are found in the hills of Vindhyachal and Satpura?
(a) Evergreen forests
(b) Deciduous forests
(c) Dry forests
(d) Tidal forests
Answer:
(c) Dry forests

Question 3.
The forests found in the regions of 50-100 cm annual rainfall are:
(a) Monsoon forests
(b) Evergreen forests
(c) Dry forests
(d) Desert forests
Answer:
(c) Dry forests

Question 4.
Which of the following is not included in desert forests?
(a) Khejri tree
(b) Date tree
(c) Khair tree
(d) Ebony
Answer:
(d) Ebony

Question 5.
Which types of forests are found in muddy and marshy areas?
(a) Desert forest
(b) Mountain forest
(c) Tidal forest
(d) Dry forest
(c) Tidal forest

Question 6.
Which of the following is not a species of mountain forest?
(a) Eugenia
(b) Sundari
(c) Michelia
(d) Sanovar
Answer:
(c) Michelia

Question 7.
The area in which Protected Forests are extended in India is:
(a) 5 lakh sq. km
(b) 6 lakh sq. km
(c) 7 lakh sq. km
(d) 8 lakh sq. km
Answer:
(a) 5 lakh sq. km

Question 8.
Total forest area in India is:
(a) 570, 612 sq. km
(b) 690, 899 sq. km
(c) 740, 261 sq. km
(d) 896, 989 sq. km
Answer:
(c) 740, 261 sq. km

Question 9.
According to 2015, what per cent of forest area is found in India?
(a) 20.01 per cent
(b) 21.01 per cent
(c) 22.02 per cent
(d) 23.02 per cent
Answer:
(c) 22.02 per cent

Question 10.
According to Forest Policy, what per cent of forest area will be developed in mountainous regions out of total 33 per cent of forest land?
(a) 40 per cent
(b) 60 per cent
(c) 80 per cent
(d) 100 per cent
Answer:
(c) 80 per cent

Question 11.
Turpentine oil is obtained from which tree?
(a) Cedar
(b) Pine
(c) White pine
(d) Khair
Answer:
(b) Pine

Matching Type Questions

Question A.
Match Column A with Column B:

Column A (Tree species)	Column B (Type of forest)
(i) Iron – wood	(a) Deciduous forest
(ii) Teak	(b) Dry forest
(iii) Ram bans	(c) Evergreen forest
(iv) Pine	(d) Tidal forest
(v) Banyan	(e) Mountain forest
(vi) Sonerita	(f) Desert forest

Answers:

1. (c)
2. (a)
3. (f)
4. (e)
5. (b)
6. (d)

Question B.
Match Column A with Column B:

Column A (Type of forest)	Column B (Amount of Raibnfall)
(i) Evergreen forest	(a) less than 50 cm
(ii) Deciduous forest	(b) more than 200 cm
(iii) Dry forest	(c) 100 – 200 cm
(iv) Desert forest	(d) 50 – 100 cm

Answers:

1. (b)
2. (c)
3. (d)
4. (a)

Question C.
Match Column A with Column B:

Column A (Tree species)	Column B (Forest area)
(i) Sal	(a) Himalayan region
(ii) Khair	(b) Monsoon region
(iii) White pine	(c) Dry region

Answers:

1. (b)
2. (c)
3. (a)

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is variation found in vegetation in India?
Answer:
Variation in vegetation is found in India due to the variation in temperature, rainfall, soil, nature of earth’s surface, winds and amount of insolation.

Question 2.
What is Evergreen Forest?
Answer:
The forests that remain green round the year are called Evergreen Forests.

Question 3.
Describe the geographical conditions necessary for evergreen forests.
Answer:
The average of annual rainfall should be more than 200 cm and the annual average temperature should be 24°C. These are the geographical conditions necessary for evergreen forests.

Question 4.
Name the vegetation that is found in evergreen forests.
Answer:
The vegetation that is found in evergreen forests includes rubber, mahogany, iron – wood, ebony, wild mango, palm, vines etc.

Question 5.
What is meant by Autumn Forests ?
Or
Which are called as monsoon Forests?
Answer:
The forests that shed their leaves to retain water in dry season are called the Autumn or Monsoon Forests.

Question 6.
What is the amount of rainfall in the regions of Autumn Forests?
Answer:
The Autumn Forests are found in the regions where the annual average rainfall is 100 – 200 cm.

Question 7.
Which are the trees found in Dry Forests?
Answer:
In Dry Forests, trees such as Banyan, Neem, Mango, Mahua, Babool, Keekar and Khejri are found.

Question 8.
Which type of vegetation is found in Desert Forests?
Answer:
Hawthorn, Ram bans, Khejara, Khair and date tree type thorny vegetation is found in desert forests.

Question 9.
What is meant by Sundari Forests?
Answer:
The Sundari trees are found in the tidal forests in India. Due to primacy of these trees, the tidal forests are also known as Sundari Forests in India.

Question 10.
Where are the Sundari Forests found in India?
Answer:
In India, the Sundari Forests are found in the deltas of Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers.

Question 11.
Which type of tree – species are found in Tidal Forests?
Answer:
The species of Palm, Coconut, Heroteria, Rhizophora, Sonerita, Sundari, Mangrove are found in tidal forests.

Question 12.
Name the trees found in high altitude mountainous regions.
Answer:
Trees of Eugenia, Michelia, Rodenadrasa are found in the high altitude of mountainous regions.

Question 13.
Which are the trees found in western Himalayan region and hills of Assam?
Answer:
In the western Himalayan region and hills of Assam, trees of Pine, White pine, Cedar, Spruce, Birch, Larch, Elm, Maple, and Chestnut are found.

Question 14.
Into how many parts have Indian forests been divided on the basis of administration?
Answer:
On administrative basis, Indian forests have been divided into three categories, that is, Protected forests, Conserved forests, and Unclassified forests.

Question 15.
What is meant by Protected Forests?
Answer:
The forests in which wood – cutting and animal grazing is prohibited are called as Protected Forests.

Question 16.
What is meant by Unclassified Forests?
Answer:
The forests where there is no prohibition on wood-cutting and grazing of animals are called Unclassified Forests.

Question 17.
What are Individual Forests?
Answer:
The forests on which an individual person or firm has full right and control are called Individual Forests.

Question 18.
What are the main causes of deforestation?
Or
Why does deforestation take place in India?
Answer:
Deforestation takes place in India for obtaining agricultural land, residential land and wood.

Question 19.
Mention any three direct benefits derived from the forests.
Answer:
The direct benefits derived from forests are attainment of fuel wood, fodder for animals and different types of herbs and medicines.

Question 20.
Why are the forests so important in Indian culture?
Answer:
Forests are considered as the place of penance in Indian culture, moreover, they are excellent places for meditation and gaining knowledge. So, they have an important place in Indian culture.

Question 21.
What is the main objective of plantation?
Answer:
The main objective of plantation is to reduce air pollution and for the conservation of vegetation.

Question 22.
Into how many categories the forest products have been divided?
Answer:
The forest products have been divided into two main categories, that is, main products and secondary products.

Question 23.
Into how many parts is wood, the main product of forests divided?
Answer:
These woods are divided as woods of monsoon forests, woods of Himalayan region and woods of dry forests.

Question 24.
Into how many parts are the woods obtained from Himalayan Region divided?
Answer:
The woods obtained from the Himalayan Region are mainly divided into cedar wood, pine wood and white pine wood.

Question 25.
Where are the trees of cedar found?
Answer:
The trees of cedar are mainly found in Kashmir, hilly areas of Punjab and Garhwal region.

Question 26.
Where are the trees of pine found in India?
Answer:
The trees of pine are found at the height of 1000 – 2000 m from sea level. They are found in the mountainous regions of Kashmir, Punjab,Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

Question 27.
Where are the white pine trees found?
Answer:
The white pine trees are found at the height of 2000 – 3000 m in the western Himalayan region.

Question 28.
Where are the trees of sal (oak) found?
Answer:
The trees of sal (oak) are found in the Terai region on the lower slopes of Himalayas. They are also found in Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa.

Question 29.
Where are the trees of Teak found in India?
Answer:
The trees of sagwan (Teak) are found in southern Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Odisha.

Question 30.
Where are the trees of Sheesham found?
Answer:
The sheesham trees are mainly found in Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

Question 31.
Where is the sealing gum produced in India?
Answer:
Sealing gum is produced in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Jharakhand, Bihar, Meghalaya and West Bengal.

Question 32.
To which countries does India export the sealing gum?
Answer:
India exports the sealing gum to America, Russia, Germany, Britain and Australia.

Question 33.
Name the trees from which gum is obtained.
Answer:
Gum is obtained mainly from the trees of neem, pipal, khejra, keekar and babool.

Question 34.
Name the grasses that are found in the forests of India.
Answer:
The grasses like poppy, rosha, (malabar) fire grass, moonj, elephant, sevan, dhaman and lilan are found in the forests of India.

Question 35.
Name the trees that are found in the deltas of Ganga – Brahmaputra and River Hooghly.
Answer:
Sundari trees are found in the deltas of Ganga-Brahamaputra and mangrove trees are found in the delta of river Hooghly.

Question 36.
Name the trees from which the leather dyeing materials are obtained.
Answer:
The leather dyeing materials are obtained from trees such as harad, baheda, amla, tarwood, mangrove, kuch, gambier etc.

Question 37.
Mention the uses of Sealing Gum (Lakh).
Answer:
Sealing gum is used for making gramophone recorders, boot – polish, toys, television tubes, radio etc.

Question 38.
What is the importance of secondary forest products in the exports of India?
Answer:
Most of the secondary forest products are exported from India. Hence, they are also an important source of earning precious foreign currency. These forest products account to an annual income of around ₹ 6 crore.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)

Question 1.
What are the characteristics of Evergreen Forests?
Answer:
The characteristics of Evergreen Forests are described as follows:

1. These forests present a dense form.
2. Different type of species are found in these type of forests.
3. Trees of evergreen forests are more in height.
4. The top ends of the trees are umbrella – shaped.
5. Due to the density of the forest, sunlight is unable to reach the surface.
6. Evergreen forest have sufficient humidity.
7. These trees always remain green.

Question 2.
Why evergreen forests have been less exploited?
Or
Much benefit is not derived from evergreen forests. Why?
Answer:
Much benefit has not been derived from evergreen forests in India due to the following reasons:

1. The wood of these forests is hard.
2. Different types of trees are found at one place.
3. Being highly dense, it is very difficult to cut evergreen forests.
4. Due to lack of means of transport, it is hard to carry the products of these forests.

Question 3.
Why has Monsoon forests been more exploited?
Answer:
The cause of more exploitation of these forests are:

1. The wood of the trees of these forests is not very hard, so they can be cut off easily.
2. These forests are not very dense, so they are comfortable for cutting wood.
3. Due to availability of means of transport in these regions, their products can be easily carried to urban areas.
4. The wood of these forests is used for making railway-sleepers and coaches, ships and furnitures.

Question 4.
Describe the characteristics of Dry Forests.
Answer:
The characteristics of dry forests are:

1. These forests are found in the regions where there is 50 – 100 cm of annual rainfall.
2. The roots of these trees are long.
3. Due to lack of rainfall, the height of trees in this forest usually is found to be from 6 to 9 meters.
4. These forests have local importance.

Question 5.
Describe the characteristics of Desert Forests.
Or
Describe the main features of Desert Forests.
Answer:
The chief features of Desert Forests are given as below:

1. These types of forests are found in the areas where there is less than 50 cm rainfall.
2. Less leaves are found in the trees of these forests.
3. The roots of these trees are long and thick.
4. The leaves of these trees are small.
5. The vegetation of these forests is thorny.
6. The leaves of these forests are used as fodder for animals.

Question 6.
Write the characteristic of Mountain Forests.
Answer:
The main features of mountain forests are:

1. Trees of the mountain forests have thick stem.
2. Dense bushes are found under these trees.
3. The leaves are dense and evergreen.
4. Vines are present over the branches of these trees.
5. The height of trees in these forests usually varies from 18 to 28 meters.

Question 7.
Explain the importance of forests in India.
Answer:
The importance of forests in India can be described as given below:

1. Forests play an important role in economic prosperity and developmental schemes.
2. Forests products are used as house building materials.
3. Forests protect the environment.
4. Forests are helpful in causing rainfall.
5. Forests are the natural habitat of various wild animals and creatures.

Question 8.
Explain the nature of forest development in India.
Answer:
The forest area in India stretches to about 7 lakh sq. kilometers, which is only 22.02 per cent of the total surface area. There are very less forests in India compared to other countries. Under five year plans and according to Forest Development Policy, plantation is being done at both sides of highways and railway tracks. This step has been taken to control the floods and to limit the deserted regions. The forest cutting and grazing of animals in the forests has been prohibited. Forest education and research work are being promoted and many steps are being taken to achieve the target of Forest Policy.

Question 9.
The vegetation in India depends on the distribution of rainfall at large. How? Explain.
Answer:
There are different types of forests found in different regions of India due to variations in climatic condition and uneven rainfall. On one hand, Evergreen forests are found in western Himalayas and in the western and eastern slopes of Western Ghats, and on the other hand, Autumn Forests are found in the north – western plains and mid and low areas of Ganga. With the change in amount of rainfall, pattern of forests also changes. In western Rajasthan, Dry forests are found du,e to minimum amount of rainfall.

Question 10.
Mention any three factors responsible for atmospheric pollution.
Answer:
In the present industrial age, three factors responsible for atmospheric pollution are:

1. The smoke emitted out from the chimneys of the factories.
2. The harmful gases emitting from the vehicles running on the roads.
3. The dirt of the cities.

Question 11.
Compare Evergreen Forests and Monsoon Forests on the basis of the following points:

1. Rainfall
2. Wood
3. Leaves
4. Height
5. Importance.

Distinguish between Evergreen and Monsoon Forests.
Or
How are Monsoon Forests different from Evergreen Forests?
Answer:
The comparison between Evergreen and Monsoon Forests is given as below:

Basis of Comparison	Evergreen Forests	Monsoon Forests
Rainfall	The average annual rainfall is more than 200 cm.	The average annual rainfall is 100 – 200 cm.
Wood	The wood of these forests is very hard.	It is not so hard.
Leaves	The leaves of these forests are broad and remain green always.	In the dry season, the leaves get dried up and they fall.
Height	The height of trees in these forests is usually 30 – 45 m.	The height of trees in these forests is less than 30 m.
Importance	These trees have less importance.	These trees are economically more important.

Question 12.
Distinguish between Dry and Desert Forests.
Or
Compare Dry Forests and Desert forests on the basis of the following points:

1. Rainfall
2. Species of trees
3. Leaves
4. Height

Answer:
Comparison between Desert forests and Dry Forests is given as below:

Basis of Comparison	Dry Forests	Desert Forests
Rainfall	There is 50 – 100 cm average rainfall in these type of forests.	It is less than 50 cm rainfall in Desert forests.
Tree species	Kikar, babool, banyan, karil, khejara, neem and mahua are the important trees of dry forests.	Main trees are ram bans, khejara, khair, date, hawk – thorn etc.
Leaves	Leaves are mid – sized and broad.	Leaves are less, small and thorny.
Height	The height of these trees varies from 6 to 9 m.	The height of a trees in these forests is less than 6 m.

Question 13.
Describe the administrative classification of Indian forests.
Answer:
From the perspective of arrangement, control and conservation, Indian forests have been classified in the following way:

1. Protected forests
2. Conserved forests
3. Unclassified forests

1. Protected forests:
These types of forests are extended in about 5 lakh sq. km area. These forests have great importance in context to prevention of floods, protection from erosion of soil and land and stopping the spreading deserts.

2. Conserved forests:
Only licenced persons can do the work of wood-cutting and grazing their cattle in these type of forests. The conserved forests are extended to about in 2 lakh sq. km of area.

3. Unclassified Forests:
There is no prohibition on wood-cutting and animal grazing in these forests. But the user has to pay a fees for their use. These forests are given on contracts for wood cutting. These forests are extended in about 2 lakh sq. km area.

Question 14.
Explain the new classification of Indian forests.
Or
Classify the Indian forests on the basis of domain.
Answer:
On the basis of domain, Indian forests have been classified into three categories:

1. State Forests
2. Community Forests
3. Individual Forests

1. State Forests:
About 95 per cent of the total forests in India are included in this category. The government keeps full control on the development and safety of these type of forests. Taking into consideration the decline in regions under forests, most of the Indian forests are included in this category.

2. Community forests:
The local government, Nagar Nigam, Nagar Palika or Gram Panchayat hold the task of control, overseeing, development and safety over these forests. About 3 per cent of forests are included in this category.

3. Individual forests:
The responsibility of controlling, overseeing, development, safety of these forests is that of an individual person or a firm. About 2 per cent area of the total forests in India is included in this category. Due to the necessity of the development, protection and conservation, this category has been formed.

Question 15.
Explain the direct benefits obtained from forests,
Or
Describe the direct benefits obtained from Indian forests.
Answer:
The direct benefits obtained from Indian forests are given below:

1. Timber is obtained from the forest for making agricultural equipments, furniture and other goods.
2. Forests provide fodder for our cattle.
3. We obtain fuel – wood from the forests.
4. The forests provide coal that is used for fuel purposes and as the source of energy.
5. The forests provide us useful herbs for making medicines.
6. We obtain raw – materials for our industries like paper, match box, sport equipments, rubber and colour etc.
7. Forests provide us many occupations like wood – cutting and ripping, carts and boat making, rope making and transporting forests products.
8. Sericulture is done on the trees of mulberry and coaster.
9. Forests are a major source of income of the government.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)

Question 1.
Why is essential to conserve the forests in the present age?
Or
Why we should be careful for the preservation of forests?
Answer:
In the modern age, along with industrial development and progress, atmospheric pollution has also been increasing day by day. Main causes of increasing air pollution are smoke emitted out from the chimneys of factories, poisonous gases emitted from automobiles and urban dust and dirt. The natural vegetation contributes in maintaining the balance of gases in the atmosphere.

The main objective of forest – related planning in our country is to reduce air pollution. It is our national and social duty to protect this unique gift. Some selfish elements are destroying them for their immediate benefit. A situation of awareness has emerged worldwide in this regard now. Therefore, we should also protect the forest wealth by being alert towards the forests.

Question 2.
Compare the trees of Sal and Cedar.
Or
Distinguish between Sal tree and Cedar tree.
Answer:
The comparison between Sal tree and Cedar tree can be made on the following bases:

Basis of Comparison	Cedar	Sal
Region	It is the tree of Himalayan region.	It is the tree of monsoon climatic region.
Structure of wood	The wood of this tree is hard, brownish – yellow, sustainable and valuable.	The wood of this tree is hard, brownish in colour and not so valuable.
Use	The wood of this tree is used to make railway – sleepers    and bridges.	The wood of this tree is used as timber to construct buildings and to make furniture.
Leaves	These trees bear pointed leaves.	These trees are of deciduous nature.
Expanse	The expanse of these type of trees is in about 5 lakh sq. km.	The expanse of these type of trees is in about 1 lakh sq. km.

Question 3.
Explain the causes of backwardness of the Indian Forest Industry.
Or
Indian Forest Industry is in a backward condition. Why?
Answer:
The main causes of backwardness of Indian Forest Industry has been given below:

1. The forests area in India is very less. It is only 0.2 hectare per person.
2. The distribution of forests is uneven.
3. The method of wood-cutting in India is old and primitive.
4. Due to hilly areas, wood cutting is not easy.
5. There is lack of means of transportation in these areas.
6. The same species of trees are not found in the same area, therefore they have less economic value.
7. There is lack of proper forest policy and facilities of research in India.
8. There is lack of harmony among different departments for the conservation of forests.
9. Afforestation, plantation and forest conservation are not reasonably effective in India.
10. The people related to forest conservation and protection are not efficient and aware.

Question 4.
Explain the measures for forest development in India.
Or
Describe the methods of forest conservation.
Or
How can Indian forests be protected?
Answer:
For the development and conservation of forests, following steps should be taken:

1. The illegal cutting of forests should be strictly prohibited.
2. There should be better arrangements for Protected Forests.
3. A fixed ratio of land for forestry in every part of country should be decided by the government.
4. Forest – research task should be given a priority.
5. Appropriate means of transportation in dense forest areas should be provided and developed.
6. Public awareness programmes regarding Conservation of forests should be started.
7. Government should pay attention on the commercial aspect of forest industry. It will provide government more income.
8. There should be harmony among different government and non-government departments.
9. Uncontrolled animal grazing should be prohibited.
10. Awards to Forest Friends should be promoted.
11. Awareness should be created towards environmental education.

Question 5.
Describe the objectives of Forest Policy in India.
Answer:
Government of India adopted the “Forests Protection and Conservation Policy” in 1952 for the development of forests. It was modified in 1988. The main objectives of this policy are as follows:

1. An increase in forest area from 23 per cent to 33 per cent.
2. Starting a mass movement to stop forest – cutting.
3. There should be harmony among different government and non – government departments.
4. Implementation of Afforestation to balance the ecosystem.
5. Productivity of forests should be increased.
6. Extension of the forest area with the help of social forestry and afforestation.
7. Conservation of the natural heritage, bio – diversity and genetic pool of the country.

RBSE Class 11 Indian Geography Chapter 8 Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the indirect benefits obtained from forests.
Or
Forests provide us long-term benefits. How? Explain.
Answer:
The indirect benefits that forests provide us are given below:

1. Forests play an important role in keeping the climate even and wet.
2. Forests attract the clouds and so they are helpful in causing rainfall.
3. The fury of floods is reduced due to forests.
4. Forests are helpful in preventing soil and land erosion.
5. When the humus of leaves of trees gets mixed in the soil, it becomes more fertile.
6. Forest are helpful in preventing extension of deserts.
7. Forests are full of natural beauty.
8. Forests are the best places for hunting and amusement.
9. The roots of trees of forests attract the rain water inside the earth and so level of groundwater rises up.
10. The forests are helpful in maintaining the ecological balance.
11. Forests reduce sound pollution.
12. Forests are helpful in controlling the atmospheric pollution.
13. The forest moderate the green house effect emerging due to pollution.
14. Forests form the cultural features.
15. Forests promote biodiversity.

Question 2.
Explain the Indian forests found in Dry Himalayas, Humid-Himalayas, Sub Tropical zones and the Alpine forests.
Answer:
Diversities related to forests are found in India. In addition to the main forests, there are also some secondary forests found in India.

1. Dry Himalayan Forests:
These type of forests are found in Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir which are mainly extended to western Kashmir.

2. Humid Himalayan Forests:
These type of forests are found in the northern states of Jammu – Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. These are found in the south western part of Jammu Kashmir, central part of Himachal Pradesh and south – western and eastern part of Uttarakhand.

3. Sub Tropical Forests:
These type of forests are found in the form of Shivalik Range in the lower parts of Himalayas. They are extended in the form of a long belt from west to east in the western part of Jammu-Kashmir, northern part of Punjab, northern part of Haryana, Southern part of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and in the central part of Arunachal Pradesh.

4. Alpine Forests:
These type of forests are found in the highest regions of Himalayas and southern hills. These type of forests are extended in the central part of Kashmir from north – west to south – east in the form of a transversal line.

Alpine forests are found in the north – eastern parts of Himachal Pradesh, north of Uttarakhand, northern parts of Sikkim, most of Arunachal Pradesh and high hills of Nagaland. Regions of these forests are shown in the following map:

SabDekho

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