Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solutions Chapter 9 Solutions
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solutions Chapter 9 Solutions
Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solutions Chapter 9 Solutions
If you are eager to know about the Tamilnadu State Board Solutions of Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Solutions Questions and Answer you will find all of them here. You can identify the knowledge gap using these Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 Science Solutions PDF and plan accordingly. Don’t worry about the accuracy as they are given after extensive research by people having subject knowledge alongside from the latest Science Solutions Textbooks.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solutions Textual Problems Solved
I. Problems based on Solubility.
Samacheer Kalvi Guru 10th Science Question 1.
1.5 g of solute is dissolved in 15 g of water to form a saturated solution at 298K. Find out the solubility of the solute at the temperature.
Solution:
Mass of the solute = 1.5 g
Mass of the solvent = 15 g
Solubility of the solute = Mass of the solute / Mass of the solvent ×100
= 1.5/15×100=10g.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solutions Question 2.
Find the mass of potassium chloride would be needed to form a saturated solution in 60 g of water at 303 K? Given that solubility of the KCl is 37 / 100 g at this temperature.
Solution:
Mass of potassium chloride in 100 g of water in saturated solution = 37 g
Mass of potassium chloride in 60 g of water in saturated solution = 37/100×60 = 22.2 g.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Book Solutions Question 3.
What is the mass of sodium chloride that would be needed to form a saturated solution in 50 g of water at 30°C. Solubility of sodium chloride is 36 g at 30°C?
Solution:
At 30°C, 36 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water.
Mass of sodium chloride that would be need for 100 g of water = 36 g
Mass of sodium chloride dissolved in 50 g of water = 36×50/100 = 18 g.
Science Solution Class 10 Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
The Solubility of sodium nitrate at 50°C and 30°C is 114 g and 96 g respectively. Find the amount of salt that will be thrown out when a saturated solution of sodium nitrate-containing 50 g of water is cooled from 50°C to 30°C?
Answer:
Amount of sodium nitrate dissolved in 100 g of water at 50°C is 114 g
Amount of sodium nitrate dissolving in 50 g of water at 50°C is = 114×50/100 = 57 g
Similarly amount of sodium nitrate dissolving in 50 g of water at 30°C is = 96×50/100 = 48 g
Amount of sodium nitrate thrown when 50 g of water is cooled from 50°C to 30°C is 57 – 48 = 9 g.
II. Problems based on Mass percentage.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solution Question 1.
A solution was prepared by dissolving 25 g of sugar in 100 g of water. Calculate the mass percentage of solute.
Solution:
Mass of the solute = 25 g
Mass of the solvent = 100 g
Activity
Activity 1.
Look at the following pictures. Label them as a dilute and concentrated solution and justify your answer.
Solution:
In the above picture, the first teacup is more concentrated and the first beaker is more concentrated CuSO4 solution. The reason is the colour intensity is more in a concentrated solution.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solutions Textual Evaluation Solved
I. Choose the best answer.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Question 1.
A solution is a ____ mixture.
(a) homogeneous
(b) heterogeneous
(c) homogeneous and heterogeneous
(d) non – homogeneous.
Answer:
(a) homogeneous
Samacheer Guru 10th Science Question 2.
The number of components in a binary solution is:
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 2
10th Science Solutions Samacheer Question 3.
Which of the following is the universal solvent?
(a) Acetone
(b) Benzene
(c) Water
(d) Alcohol.
Answer:
(c) Water
10th Std Science Solutions Samacheer Kalvi Question 4.
A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a definite amount of solvent at a given temperature is called:
(a) Saturated solution
(b) Unsaturated solution
(c) Supersaturated solution
(d) Dilute solution
Answer:
(a) Saturated solution
Samacheer Kalvi Guru Science Question 5.
Identify the non – aqueous solution ______.
(a) sodium chloride in water
(b) glucose in water
(c) copper sulphate in water
(d) sulphur in carbon-di-sulphide.
Answer:
(d) sulphur in carbon-di-sulphide.
Kalvi Guru 10th Science Question 6.
When pressure is increased at a constant temperature the solubility of gases in liquid:
(a) No change
(b) increases
(c) decreases
(d) no reaction
Answer:
(b) increases
Science Solutions Class 10 Samacheer Kalvi Question 7.
The solubility of NaCl in 100 ml water is 36 g. If 25 g of salt is dissolved in 100 ml of water how much more salt is required for saturation ______.
(a) 12 g
(b) 11 g
(c) 16 g
(d) 20 g.
Answer:
(b) 11 g
10th Samacheer Kalvi Science Question 8.
A 25% alcohol solution means:
(a) 25 ml alcohol in 100 ml of water
(b) 25 ml alcohol in 25 ml of water
(c) 25 ml alcohol in 75 ml of water
(d) 75 ml alcohol in 25 ml of water
Answer:
(c) 25 ml alcohol in 75 ml of water
Samacheer Class 10 Science Solutions Question 9.
Deliquescence is due to ______.
(a) Strong affinity to water
(b) Less affinity to water
(c) Strong hatred of water
(d) Inertness to water.
Answer:
(a) Strong affinity to water
Samacheer 10th Science Solution Question 10.
Which of the following is hygroscopic in nature?
(a) ferric chloride
(b) copper sulphate penta hydrate
(c) silica gel
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) silica gel
II. Fill in the blanks.
Samacheerkalvi.Guru 10th Science Question 1.
The component present in a lesser amount, in a solution, is called ______.
Answer:
Solute.
Science Samacheer Kalvi Question 2.
Example for liquid in solid type solution is ______.
Answer:
Sodium chloride dissolved in water.
Question 3.
Solubility is the amount of solute dissolved in _______ g of solvent.
Answer:
100.
Question 4.
Polar compounds are soluble in ______ solvents.
Answer:
Polar.
Question 5.
Volume percentage decreases with increases in temperature because of ______.
Answer:
Expansion of liquid.
III. Match the following.
Question 1.
| Blue vitriol | (a) CaSO4.2H2O |
| Gypsum | (b) CaO |
| Deliquescence | (c) CuSO4.5H2O |
| Hygroscopic | (d) NaOH |
Answer:
1 – (c), 2 – (a), 3 – (d), 4 – (b).
IV. True or False: (If false give the correct statement)
Question 1.
Solutions which contain three components are called binary solution.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: Solutions which contain two components are called binary solution.
Question 2.
In a solution, the component which is present in a lesser amount is called solvent.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement:
- In a solution, the component which is present in a larger amount is called a solvent.
- In a solution, the component which is present in a lesser amount is called solute.
Question 3.
Sodium chloride dissolved in water forms a non-aqueous solution.
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: Sodium chloride dissolved in water forms an aqueous solution.
Question 4.
The molecular formula of green vitriol is MgSO4.7H2O
Answer:
False.
Correct Statement: The molecular formula of green vitriol is FeSO4 .7H2O
Question 5.
When Silica gel is kept open, it absorbs moisture from the air, because it is hygroscopic in nature.
Answer:
True.
V. Short Answer Questions.
Question 1.
Define the term Solution.
Answer:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Question 2.
What is mean by binary solution?
Answer:
Solutions which are made of one solute and one solvent, then it is called binary solution.
Question 3.
Give an example each
- gas in liquid
- solid in liquid
- solid in solid
- gas in gas.
Answer:
- Carbon – di – oxide dissolved in water (Soda water).
- Sodium chloride dissolved in water.
- Copper dissolved in gold (Alloy).
- A mixture of Helium – Oxygen gases.
Question 4.
What is aqueous and non-aqueous solution? Give an example.
Answer:
(i) Aqueous solution : The solution in which water acts as a solvent.
(ii) Non-aqueous solution : The solution in which any liquid other than water acts as a solvent.
Eg: Alcohol, benzene, CS2 acetone.
Question 5.
Define Volume percentage.
Answer:
Volume percentage is defined as the percentage by volume of solute (in ml) present in the given volume of the solution.
Volume percentage = Volume of the solute / Volume of the solution ×100.
Question 6.
The aquatic animals live more in cold region Why?
Answer:
Aquatic animals live more in cold regions because the solubility of O2 in water is more at low temperature and therefore the amount of dissolved O2 is more in the water of cold regions.
Question 7.
Define Hydrated salt.
Answer:
The number of water molecules found in the crystalline substance or salts is called water of crystallization. Such salts are called hydrated salts.
Question 8.
A hot saturated solution of copper sulphate forms crystals as it cools. Why?
Answer:
A hot saturated solution of CuSO4 forms crystal as it cools. Because on cooling the water molecules move closer together and there is less space for the solution to hold on to as much of the dissolved solid and so it forms crystals.
Question 9.
Classify the following substances into deliquescent, hygroscopic. Conc. Sulphuric acid, Copper sulphate penta hydrate, Silica gel, Calcium chloride, and Gypsum salt.
Answer:
- Deliquescent substances: Calcium chloride
- Hygroscopic substances: Conc Sulphuric acid, Copper sulphate penta hydrate, Silica gel and Gypsum salt.
VI. Long Answer Questions.
Question 1.
Write notes on
(i) saturated solution
(ii) unsaturated solution
Answer:
(i) Saturated solution : A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a definite amount of the solvent at a given temperature is called saturated solution.
Eg: 36 g of sodium chloride in 100 g of water at 25°C forms saturated solution.
(ii) Unsaturated solution : Unsaturated solution is one that contains less solute than that of the saturated solution at a given temperature.
Eg: 10 g or 20 g or 30 g of Sodium chloride in 100 g of water at 25°C forms an unsaturated solution.
Question 2.
Write notes on various factors affecting solubility.
Answer:
Factors affecting solubility: There are three main factors which govern the solubility of the solute. They are
(i) Nature of the solute and solvent
(ii) Temperature
(iii) Pressure
(i) Nature of the solute and solvent: The nature of the solute and solvent plays an important role insolubility. Although water dissolves an enormous variety of substances, both ionic and covalent, it does not dissolve everything. The phrase that scientists often use when predicting solubility is “like dissolves like.” This expression means that dissolving occurs when similarities exist between the solvent and the solute. For example, Common salt is a polar compound and dissolves readily in polar solvent like water.
Non – polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents. For example, Fat dissolved in ether. But non-polar compounds, do not dissolve in polar solvents; polar compounds do not dissolve in non-polar solvents.
(ii) Effect of Temperature
The solubility of Solids in Liquid: Generally, the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent increases with increase in temperature. For example, a greater amount of sugar will dissolve in warm water than in cold water.
In the endothermic process, solubility increases with increase in temperature. In the exothermic process, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.
The solubility of Gases in liquid: Solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increase in temperature. Generally, water contains dissolved oxygen. When water is boiled, the solubility of oxygen in water decreases, so oxygen escapes in the form of bubbles. Aquatic animals live more in cold regions because more amount of dissolved oxygen is present in the water of cold regions. This shows that the solubility of oxygen in water is more at low temperatures.
(iii) Effect of Pressure: Effect of pressure is observed only in the case of solubility of a gas in a liquid. When the pressure is increased, the solubility of a gas in liquid increases.
The common examples for solubility of gases in liquids are carbonated beverages, i.e. soft drinks, household cleaners containing an aqueous solution of ammonia, formalin aqueous solution of formaldehyde, etc.
Question 3.
(a) What happens when MgSO4.7H2O is heated? Write the appropriate equation.
(b) Define solubility.
Answer:
(a) MgSO4.7H2O has a water of crystallization is 7. When magnesium sulphate heptahydrate crystals are gently heated, it loses seven water molecules and becomes anhydrous magnesium sulphate.
(b) Solubility: It is defined as the number of grams of a solute that can be dissolved in 100 g of a solvent to form its saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure.
Question 4.
In what way, hygroscopic substances differ from deliquescent substances.
Answer:
Difference between hygroscopic and deliquescent substances is in the extent to which each material can absorb moisture. This is because both of these terms are very much related to each other and they refer to the property of observing and the retention of moisture from the air. However, they differ in the extent of absorption of moisture where hygroscopic materials absorb moisture but not to the extent the original substance dissolves in it, which is the case with deliquescence. Therefore deliquescence can be regarded as an extreme condition of hygroscopic activity.
Difference between hygroscopic substances and deliquescence
| Hygroscopic Substances | Deliquescence Substances |
| When exposed to the atmosphere at ordinary temperature, they absorb moisture and do not dissolve. | When exposed to the atmospheric air at ordinary temperature, they absorb moisture and dissolve. |
| Hygroscopic substances do not change their physical state on exposure to air. | Deliquescent substances change its physical state on exposure to air. |
| Hygroscopic substances may be amorphous solids or liquids. | Deliquescent substances are crystalline solids. |
Question 5.
A solution is prepared by dissolving 45 g of sugar in 180 g of water. Calculate the mass percentage of solute.
Answer:
Mass of sugar (solute) = 45 g
Mass of water (solvent) = 180 g.
Question 6.
3.5 litres of ethanol is present in 15 litres of an aqueous solution of ethanol. Calculate volume per cent of the ethanol solution.
Answer:
Volume of ethanol (solute) = 3.5 litre
Volume of aqueous solution = 15 litre
Volume of the solution = Volume of the solute / Volume of the solution ×100
= 3.5/15×100
Volume percentage = 23.33 %.
VII. HOT Questions.
Question 1.
Vinu dissolves 50 g of sugar in 250 ml of hot water, Sarath dissolves 50 g of same sugar in 250 ml of cold water. Who will get faster dissolution of sugar? and Why?
Answer:
Vinu will get faster dissolution of sugar. Because Vinu dissolves 50 g of sugar in 250 ml of hot water, whereas Sarath dissolves 50 g of sugar in 250 ml of cold water. Solubility of a solid in liquid increases with increase in temperature.
Question 2.
‘A’ is a blue coloured crystalline salt. On heating, it loses a blue colour and to give ‘B’. When water is added, ‘B’ gives back to ‘A’. Identify A and B, write the equation.
Answer:
- Blue coloured crystalline salt is copper sulphate pentahydrate (A)
- On heating Copper sulphate pentahydrate it loses blue colour and to give anhydrous copper sulphate (B).
- When water is added to the anhydrous copper sulphate (B) gives back to copper sulphate pentahydrate (A).
Question 3.
Will the cool drinks give more fizz at top of the hills or at the foot? Explain.
Answer:
Carbonated cool drinks give more fizz at the foot hill because solubility of gases in liquid decrease with increase in temperature. At higher altitudes, the temperature is low and the dissolved CO2 will not escape as fizz, whereas at the foot hill it does.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solutions Additional Questions Solved
I. Choose the best answer.
Question 1.
Find out the homogeneous mixture.
(a) Salt + Water
(b) Sand + Water
(c) Clay + Water
(d) Gold + Water.
Answer:
(a) Salt + Water
Question 2.
The aqueous solution is:
(a) S in CS2
(b) I2 in CCl4
(c) Salt in H2O
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Salt in H2O
Question 3.
In a solution, the component which is present in a larger amount is called ______.
(a) solvent
(b) dissolution
(c) solute
(d) mole.
Answer:
(а) solvent
Question 4.
The solubility of ammonia gas at 25°C is:
(a) 36 g
(b) 48 g
(c) 80 g
(d) 184 g
Answer:
(b) 48 g
Question 5.
Example for liquid in liquid binary solution is ______.
(a) Copper dissolved in gold
(b) Water vapour in the air
(c) Ethyl alcohol dissolved in water
(d) NaCl dissolved in water.
Answer:
(c) Ethyl alcohol dissolved in water
Question 6.
Which one of the following is an aqueous solvent?
(a) Benzene
(b) Acetone
(c) Alcohol
(d) Water.
Answer:
(d) Water.
Question 7.
Mass percentage of a solution is independent of:
(a) temperature
(b) amount of solute
(c) amount of solvent
(d) chemical nature of the solute
Answer:
(a) temperature
Question 8.
Solubility is equal to ______.
Answer:
(c) Mass of the solute / Mass of the solvent ×100
Question 9.
In which case solubility increases with increase in temperature?
(a) Endothermic process
(b) Exothermic process
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(b) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Endothermic process
Question 10.
The factor/factors which affect the solubility of a solute:
(a) Nature of the solute and solvent
(b) Temperature
(c) Pressure
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these
Question 11.
The effect of pressure on the solubility of a gas in a liquid is given by ______.
(a) Hess’s law
(b) Ohm’s law
(c) Henry’s law
(d) Gases law.
Answer:
(c) Henry’s law
Question 12.
5% sugar solution means ______.
(a) 5 g of sugar in 95 g of water
(b) 50 g of sugar in 50 g of water
(c) 20 g of sugar in 80 g of water
(d) 95 g of sugar in 5 g of water.
Answer:
(a) 5 g of sugar in 95 g of water
Question 13.
The water of crystallisation present in white vitriol is:
(a) 2
(b) 7
(c) 5
(d) 24
Answer:
(b) 7
Question 14.
Mass percentage is independent of ______.
(a) density
(b) volume
(c) pressure
(d) temperature.
Answer:
(d) temperature.
Question 15.
Volume percentage is expressed as ______.
(a) v/v
(b) w/w
(c) v/w
(d) w/v.
Answer:
(a) v/v
Question 16.
When the temperature increases, volume percentage ______.
(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(c) no change
(d) increases then decrease.
Answer:
(b) Decreases
Question 17.
The mass of NaCl needed to form saturated solution in 50 g of water at 30°C. When the solubility of NaCl is 36 g at 30°C is:
(a) 9 g
(b) 18 g
(c) 57 g
(d) 19 g
Answer:
(b) 18 g
Question 18.
Zinc sulphate heptahydrate is also called as ______.
(a) Blue Vitriol
(b) Epsom salt
(c) Green Vitriol
(d) White Vitriol.
Answer:
(d) white Vitriol.
Question 19.
Water of crystallization of blue vitriol is ______.
(a) 1
(b) 5
(c) 4
(d) 2.
Answer:
(b) 5
Question 20.
On heating copper sulphate pentahydrate crystals ______.
(a) blue colour changes into green
(b) green colour changes into blue
(c) blue colour changes into colourless
(d) no colour changes.
Answer:
(c) blue colour changes into colourless
Question 21.
Water of crystallization of Epsom salt is ______.
(a) 1
(b) 5
(c) 4
(d) 1.
Answer:
(d) 7.
Question 22.
Hygroscopic substances are used as ______.
(a) drying agents
(b) hydrating agents
(c) freezing agents
(d) reducing agents.
Answer:
(a) drying agents
Question 23.
If two liquids are mutually soluble, they are called _____ liquids.
(a) miscible
(b) immiscible
(c) insoluble
(d) viscous.
Answer:
(a) miscible
Question 24.
Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water because of ______.
(a) as the temperature decreases, the solubility of dissolved oxygen increases
(b) as the temperature increases, the solubility of dissolved oxygen increases
(c) as the temperature increases, the solubility of dissolved oxygen decreases
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) as the temperature decreases, the solubility of dissolved oxygen increases
Question 25.
The process of food assimilation by man is in the form of ______.
(a) solution
(b) solid
(c) solute
(d) solvent.
Answer:
(a) solution
Question 26.
Common salt in water is an example of ______.
(a) Colloidal solution
(b) Binary solution
(c) Suspension
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(b) Binary solution
Question 27.
36 g of NaCl in 100 g of water is a ____ solution.
(a) Non – aqueous
(b) Unsaturated
(c) Supersaturated
(d) Saturated.
Answer:
(d) Saturated.
Question 28.
Nitrogen in soil is an example of _____ solution in nature.
(a) saturated
(b) unsaturated
(c) supersaturated
(d) aqueous.
Answer:
(a) saturated
Question 29.
The solubility of CuSO4 in H2O is ______ at 20°C.
(a) 36 g
(b) 20.7 g
(c) 10 g
(d) 95 g.
Answer:
(b) 20.7 g
Question 30.
The solubility of NaNO3 in 100 g water at 25°C is ______.
(a) 36 g
(b) 95 g
(c) 184 g
(d) 92 g.
Answer:
(d) 92 g.
Question 31.
Which of the following affect solubility?
(a) Temperature
(b) Nature of solute and solvent
(c) Pressure
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(d) all the above.
Question 32.
In _____ process, solubility increases with increase in temperature.
(a) exothermic
(b) endothermic
(c) isothermic
(d) adiabatic.
Answer:
(b) endothermic
Question 33.
In ______ process, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.
(a) exothermic
(b) adiabatic
(c) endothermic
(d) isothermic.
Answer:
(a) exothermic
Question 34.
Increase in ______ increases the solubility of gases.
(a) temperature
(b) pressure
(c) no. of moles
(d) concentration.
Answer:
(b) pressure
Question 35.
The solubility of NaBr in H2O is ______.
(a) 36 g
(b) 95 g
(c) 184 g
(d) 92 g.
Answer:
(b) 95 g
Question 36.
The gas – filled in soft drinks in ______.
(a) O2
(b) N2
(c) CO2
(d) H2
Answer:
(c) CO2
Question 37.
The solubility of KNO3 in water is ______ process.
(a) Exothermic
(b) endothermic
(c) Isothermic
(d) Adiabatic.
Answer:
(b) endothermic
Question 38.
The solubility of CaO in water is ______ process.
(a) Exothermic
(b) endothermic
(c) Adiabatic
(d) Isothermic.
Answer:
(a) Exothermic
Question 39.
The solubility of NaI in water is ______.
(a) 184 g
(b) 92 g
(c) 95 g
(d) 36 g.
Answer:
(a) 184 g
II. Fill in the blanks.
Question 1.
A solution is a _____ mixture of two or more substances.
Answer:
Homogeneous.
Question 2.
Common salt dissolved in water is an example for _____ solution.
Answer:
Binary.
Question 3.
In a solution, the component present in a lesser amount by weight is called ____ and in a large amount by weight is called ______.
Answer:
Solute, solvent.
Question 4.
The solution in which water acts as a solvent is called ______ and the solution in which Benzene acts as a solvent is called ______.
Answer:
- The aqueous solution,
- Non – aqueous solution.
Question 5.
20 g of NaCl in 100 g of water is _____ solution.
Answer:
Unsaturated.
Question 6.
36 g of NaCl in 100 g of water at room temperature forms a ____ solution.
Answer:
Saturated.
Question 7.
Nitrogen in soil is an example for _____ in nature.
Answer:
Saturated solution.
Question 8.
A solution which has more of solute than the saturated solution at a given temperature is called ______ solution.
Answer:
Supersaturated.
Question 9.
In _____ process, solubility increases with ______ in temperature.
Answer:
Endothermic, increase.
Question 10.
In an ______ process, solubility decreases with ______ in temperature.
Answer:
Exothermic, increase.
Question 11.
The solubility of KNO3 increases with the _____ in temperature.
Answer:
Increase.
Question 12.
The solubility of CaO decreases with the ______ in temperature.
Answer:
Increase.
Question 13.
The solubility of oxygen is _____ in cold water.
Answer:
More.
Question 14.
A polar compound is insoluble in _____ solvent.
Answer:
Non – polar.
Question 15.
An increase in ______ increases the solubility of a gas in a liquid.
Answer:
Pressure.
Question 16.
______ gas is filled in soft drinks using the effect of pressure.
Answer:
CO2
Question 17.
Hygroscopic substances are used as ______.
Answer:
Drying agents.
Question 18.
Anhydrous calcium chloride is an example of ______.
Answer:
hygroscopic substance.
Question 19.
Hygroscopic substances absorb moisture without changing their ______.
Answer:
Physical state.
Question 20.
Deliquescent substances lose their ______.
Answer:
Crystalline shape.
Question 21.
Ferric chloride is an example of ______.
Answer:
Deliquescent substances.
Question 22.
On heating, hydrated crystalline salts lose their ______.
Answer:
Water of crystallization.
Question 23.
The number of water molecules in blue vitriol is ______.
Answer:
Five.
Question 24.
The number of water molecules in magnesium sulphate heptahydrate is ______.
Answer:
Seven.
Question 25.
Mass percentage is _______ to temperature.
Answer:
Independent.
Question 26.
To qualify the solute in a solution, we can use the term ______.
Answer:
Concentration.
Question 27.
Based on the amount of solute, the solution is classified into ________ types.
Answer:
Three.
Question 28.
Zinc dissolved in copper is an example of ______ solution.
Answer:
Solid in solid.
Question 29.
______ is an example of gas in the liquid.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide dissolved in water.
Question 30.
______ and _______ are in the form of solution to decide the physiological activity of human beings.
Answer:
Blood, Lymph.
III. Match the following.
Question 1.
| i. Sugar in water | (a) Exothermic process |
| ii. Sulphur in carbon sulphide | (b) Aqueous solution |
| iii. The solubility of CaO | (c) Endothermic process |
| iv. Solubility of KNO3 | (d) Non-aqueous solution |
Answer:
i – b, ii – d, iii – a, iv – c.
Question 2.
| i. Saturated solution | (a) Sulphur in acetone |
| ii. Unsaturated solution | (b) 56 g NaCl in water |
| iii. Supersaturated solution | (c) 10 g of NaCl in water |
| iv. Non-aqueous solution | (d) 36 g of NaCl in water |
Answer:
i – d, ii – c, iii – b, iv – a.
Question 3.
| i. Solubility of KNO3 | (a) decreases with increase in temperature |
| ii. The solubility of CaO | (b) increases with increase in pressure |
| iii. The solubility of oxygen | (c) increases with increase in temperature |
| iv. Solubility of CO2 | (d) more in cold water |
Answer:
i – c, ii – a, iii – d, iv – b.
Question 4.
| i. Mercury with sodium | (a) Liquid in gas |
| ii. NaCl in water | (b) Liquid in solid |
| iii. CO2 in water | (c) Solid in liquid |
| iv. Water vapour in air | (d) Gas in liquid |
Answer:
i – b, ii – c, iii – d, iv – a.
Question 5.
| Solute | Solubility |
| i. CaCO3 | (a) 80 |
| ii. NH3 | (b) 91 |
| iii. NaOH | (c) 0.0013 |
| iv. C6H12O6 | (d) 48 |
Answer:
i – c, ii – d, iii – a, iv – b.
Question 6.
| i. Epsom salt | (a) ZnSO4.7H2O |
| ii. Green Vitriol | (b) MgSO4.7H2O |
| iii. White Vitriol | (c) SiO2 |
| iv. Silica gel | (d) FeSO4.7H2O |
Answer:
i – b, ii – d, iii – a, iv – c.
IV. State whether true or false. If false, give the correct statement.
Question 1.
A solution is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Question 2.
A solution contains four components, it is called as a binary solution.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: A solution contains two components, it is called as a binary solution.
Question 3.
The solution in which water acts as a solvent, it is called a non-aqueous solution.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The solution in which water acts as a solvent, it is called an aqueous solution.
Question 4.
The solution of sulphur in CS2 is a suitable example of a non-aqueous solution.
Answer:
True.
Question 5.
Nitrogen in soil is an example of a supersaturated solution.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Nitrogen in the soil is an example of a saturated solution.
Question 6.
The solubility of CuSO4 in H2O is 36 g at 25°C.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Solubility of CuSO4 in H2O is 20.7 g at 20°C.
Question 7.
100 ml of water can dissolve 36 g of NaCl at 25°C to attain saturation.
Answer:
True.
Question 8.
In an endothermic process, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: In an endothermic process, solubility increases with increase in temperature.
Question 9.
In an exothermic process, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.
Answer:
True.
Question 10.
The solubility of CaO increases with the increase in temperature.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The solubility of CaO decreases with the increase in temperature.
Question 11.
The solubility of oxygen is more in cold water.
Answer:
True.
Question 12.
SO2 gas is filled in soft drinks using the effect of pressure.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: CO2 gas is filled in soft drinks using the effect of pressure.
Question 13.
Ether act as a universal solvent.
False.
Correct statement: Water acts universal solvent.
Question 14.
Covalent compounds are soluble in water.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Covalent compounds are insoluble in water.
Question 15.
36 g of sodium chloride in 100 g of water at 25°C forms a saturated solution.
Answer:
True.
Question 16.
40 g of sodium chloride in 100 g of water at 25°C forms an unsaturated solution.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: 40 g of sodium chloride in 100 g of water at 25°C forms a supersaturated solution.
Question 17.
Aquatic animals live more in hot regions.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Aquatic animals live more in cold regions.
Question 18.
Mass percentage is dependent of temperature.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Mass percentage is independent of temperature.
Question 19.
Hygroscopic substances do not change their physical state on exposure to air.
Answer:
True.
Question 20.
Deliquescent substances do not change their physical state on exposure to air.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Deliquescent substances change its physical state on exposure to air.
V. Assertion and Reason
Question 1.
Assertion (A): Salt solution-common salt dissolved in water is an example of a binary solution.
Reason (R): A solution with two components is called a binary solution.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
Question 2.
Assertion (A): Sugar in water is a true solution.
Reason (R): True solution is a homogeneous mixture that contains small solute particles that are dissolved throughout the solvent.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(c) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct
(d) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
Answer:
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct
Question 3.
Assertion (A): Solution of sulphur in CS2 is an example of a non-aqueous solution.
Reason (R): The solution in which any liquid other than water acts as a solvent is called the non – aqueous solution.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
Question 4.
Assertion (A): Solubility of KNO3 increases with increase in temperature.
Reason (R): Solubility of KNO3 is an endothermic process.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct
Question 5.
Assertion (A): Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water.
Reason (R): Solubility of oxygen is more in cold water.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
Question 6.
Assertion (A): CO2 gas is filled in soft drinks using the effect of pressure.
Reason (R): A decrease in pressure increases the solubility of a gas in a liquid.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
Question 7.
Assertion (A): Aqueous copper sulphate is a binary solution.
Reason (R): Copper sulphate solution contains two components i.e., one solute-copper sulphate and one solvent-water.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
Question 8.
Assertion (A): Water act as a universal solvent.
Reason (R): Most of the substances are soluble in water.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
Question 9.
Assertion (A): When Blue vitriols are gently heated it turns colourless.
Reason (R): It loses five water molecules and becomes anhydrous compounds.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
Question 10.
Assertion (A): Anhydrous calcium chloride is an example of a hygroscopic substance.
Reason (R): Anhydrous calcium chloride changes its physical state on exposure to air.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong
(c) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct
(d) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
Answer:
(d) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
VI. Short Answer Questions.
Question 1.
State Henry’s Law.
Answer:
The solubility of a gas in liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution at a definite temperature.
Question 2.
Define solute and solvent.
Answer:
In a solution, the component present in a lesser amount by weight is called solute and the component present in a large amount by weight is called solvent.
Question 3.
What is a
(i) saturated and
(ii) supersaturated solution?
Answer:
(i) Saturated : A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a definite amount of the solvent at a given temperature.
(ii) Super saturated solution : A solution which contains more solute than the saturated solution at a given temperature.
Question 4.
Why water is known as a universal solvent?
Answer:
Most of the solutes (substances) are soluble in water and so it is called universal solvent.
Question 5.
Common salt dissolves in water easily. Give reason.
Answer:
Common salt is an electrolyte. It is easily dissociated into its ions like Na+ and Cl– in polar solvent water. So NaCl (common salt) an inorganic compound readily dissolves in water.
Question 6.
What is meant by the ternary solution?
Answer:
Solutions which contain three components are called ternary solutions.
E.g. If salt and sugar are added to water, both dissolves in water forming a solution. Here two solutes are dissolved in one solvent. Therefore it is a ternary solution.
Question 7.
Name the type of solution formed in the following cases;
- 20 g of NaCl in 100 g of water at 25°C
- 36 g of NaCl in 100 g of water at 25°C
- Nitrogen in soil
- Sulphur in CS2.
Answer:
- Unsaturated
- Saturated
- Saturated
- Non-aqueous solution
Question 8.
What are concentrated and dilute solutions?
Answer:
Two solutions having the same solute and solvent, the one which contains a higher amount of solute per the given amount of solvent is said to be concentrated solution and the other is said to be dilute solution.
Question 9.
Define Henry’s law.
Answer:
To quantify the solute in a solution, we can use the term concentration. The concentration of a solution may be defined as the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution or solvent.
(or)
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution at a definite temperature.
Question 10.
Define Mass percentage.
Answer:
Mass percentage of a solution is defined as the percentage by mass of the solute present in the solution.
Mass percentage,
= Mass of the solute / Mass of the solution ×100.
Question 11.
What is water crystallization?
Answer:
The number of water molecules found in the crystalline substance is called water of crystallization.
Question 12.
What are hygroscopic substances?
Answer:
Certain substances, when exposed to the atmospheric air at ordinary temperature, absorb moisture without changing their physical state. Such substances are called hygroscopic substances and this property is called hygroscopy.
Question 13.
List out the examples for hygroscopic substances.
Answer:
- Conc.Sulphuric acid (H2SO4).
- Phosphorus Pentoxide (P2O5).
- Quick lime (CaO).
- Silica gel (SiO2).
- Anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2).
Question 14.
What are the Deliquescent substances?
Answer:
Certain substances which are so hygroscopic, when exposed to the atmospheric air at ordinary temperatures, absorb enough water and get completely dissolved. Such substances are called deliquescent substances and this property is called deliquescence.
Question 15.
When is deliquescence is maximum?
Answer:
- The temperature is low
- The atmosphere is humid.
Question 16.
Give examples for deliquescent substances.
Answer:
- Calcium chloride (CaCl2)
- Caustic soda (NaOH)
- Caustic potash (KOH)
- Ferric chloride (FeCl3).
VII. Long Answer Questions.
Question 1.
From the table given below, furnish your points of inference.
| Substance | Solubility at 25°C |
| NaCl | 36 g |
| NaBr | 95 g |
| NaI | 184 g |
Answer:
Inferences:
- At 25°C, 36g NaCl is dissolved in 100 g water to give a saturated solution.
- At 25°C, 95 g NaBr is dissolved in 100 g water to get a saturated solution.
- At 25°C, 184g Nal is dissolved in 100 g water to get a saturated solution.
- The solubility of a solute at a given solvent at a particular temperature is defined as the number of grams of solute necessary to saturate 100 g of the solvent at that temperature.
- In the above tabular column, we infer that the solubility of NaI is the highest and the solubility of NaCl is the lowest.
- All the NaCl, NaBr, Nal solution in water are called aqueous solutions.
- Depending upon the amount of the solute, the solutions are classified as a saturated and unsaturated solution.
- The above solutions are saturated solutions.
Question 2.
Distinguish between the saturated and unsaturated solution at a temperature of 25°C using the data given below (Note: Solubility of NaCl is 36 g).
- 16 g NaCl in 100 g water
- 36 g NaCl in 100 g water.
Answer:
The solubility of NaCl is 36g.
- 16 g NaCl in 100 g water is an unsaturated solution.
- 36 g NaCl in 100 g water is a saturated solution.
| Saturated Solution | Unsaturated Solution |
| 1. A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a definite amount of the solvent at a given temperature is called a saturated solution. | 1. A solution in which the solute is lesser in the amount in the solvent is called unsaturated solution. |
| 2. In this solution, no more solute can be dissolved. If more of solute is added, it will not dissolve to give a supersaturated solution. | 2. More of solute can be dissolved to get a saturated solution. |
Question 3.
Write a note on the type of solution based on the amount of solute present in a solution.
Answer:
Based on the amount of solute, in the given amount of solvent, solutions are classified into the following types.
(i) Saturated solution : A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a definite amount of the solvent at a given temperature is called saturated solution. Eg: 36 g of sodium chloride in 100 g of water at 25°C forms saturated solution.Further addition of sodium chloride, leave it undissolved.
(ii) Unsaturated solution : Unsaturated solution is one that contains less solute than that of the saturated solution at a given temperature. Eg: 10 g or 20 g or 30 g of Sodium chloride in 100 g of water at 25°C forms an unsaturated solution.
(iii) Super saturated solution : Supersaturated solution is one that contains more solute than the saturated solution at a given temperature. Eg: 40 g of sodium chloride in 100 g of water at 25°C forms super saturated solution. This state can be achieved by altering any other conditions liken temperature, pressure. Super saturated solutions are unstable, and the solute is reappearing as crystals when the solution is disturbed.
Question 4.
Find the concentration of a solution in terms of weight per cent if 20 g of common salt is dissolved in 50 g of water.
Answer:
VIII. HOT Questions.
Question 1.
Observe the diagram.
- Which is a concentrated solution and why?
- Which is dilute solution and why?
Answer:
- Flask (b) is a concentrated solution. Because (b) flask contains a large number of solute particles than (a) flask.
- Flask (a) is a dilute solution. Because (a) flask contains a lesser number of solute particles than (b) flask.
Question 2.
Where we use the phrase – “Like dissolves Like” and explain the meaning of the phrase?
Answer:
The phrase “like dissolves like” is often used for predicting solubility. This expression means that dissolving occurs when similarities exist between the solvent and the solute. For example, Common salt is a polar compound and dissolves readily in polar solvent like water.
Question 3.
Why bubbling occurs when water is boiled?
Answer:
The solubility of a gas in liquid decrease with increase in temperature. Generally, water contains dissolved oxygen. When water is boiled, the solubility of oxygen in water decreases, so oxygen escapes in the form of bubbles.
Question 4.
What happens when blue vitriol is heated? Explain.
Answer:
When blue vitriol (Copper sulphate pentahydrate) crystals are gently heated, it loses it five water molecules and becomes colourless anhydrous copper sulphate.
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Science Solutions Additional Problems Solved
Question 1.
Take 10 g of common salt and dissolve it in 40 g of water. Find the concentration of a solution in terms of weight per cent.
Solution:
Weight percent = Weight of the solute / Weight of solute + Weight of solvent ×100
=10/10+40×100=20%.
Question 2.
2 g of potassium sulphate was dissolved in 12.5 ml of water. On cooling, the first crystals appeared at 60°C. What is the solubility of potassium sulphate in water at 60°C? Solution. 12.5 ml of water weighs 12.5 g.
Solution:
In 12.5 g of water, the amount of potassium sulphate dissolved is 2 g.
In 1 g of water, the amount of potassium sulphate dissolved is 2 / 12.5 g.
Hence in 100 g of water, the amount of potassium sulphate dissolved is (2 × 100) / 12.5 = 16 g.
The solubility of potassium sulphate in the water at 60°C is 16 g.
Question 3.
50 g of a saturated solution of NaCl at 30°C is evaporated to dryness and 13.2 g of dry NaCl was obtained. Find the solubility of NaCl at 30°C in water.
Solution:
Mass of water in solution = 50 – 13.2 = 36.8 g
Solubility of NaCl
= Mass of NaCl /Mass of water ×100
=13.2/36.8×100=36g
Solubility of NaCl = 36 g (approx).
Question 4.
An empty evaporating dish weighs 20.0 g. After adding a saturated solution of NaNO3, the dish weighs 66.0 g. When evaporated to dryness, the dish with crystals weighs 42.5 g. Find the solubility of NaNO3 at 20°C.
Solution:
Weight of saturated solution of NaNO3 = (66.0 – 20.0) g = 46.0 g
Weight of crystals of NaNO3 = (41.5 – 20.0) g = 21.5 g
Weight of water in saturated solution = (46.0 – 21.5) g = 24.5 g
Solubility of NaNO3 = Weight of NaNO3 crystals / Weight of water ×100
=21.5/24.5×100=87.7g
Solubility of NaNO3 at 20°C is = 87.7 g in 100 g H2O.
Question 5.
30 g sugar is dissolved in 170g of water. Calculate the concentration of solution in terms of weight percent.
Solution:
Weight percent = Weight of the solute / Weight of solute + Weight of solvent ×100
=30/30+170×10=15%.
Question 6.
50 g common salt is dissolved in 150 g of water; Find oat the concentration of solution in terms of weight percent.
Solution:
Weight percent = Weight of the solute / Weight of solute + Weight of solvent ×100
=50/50+150×100
= 25 %.
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