Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Geography Solutions Chapter 2 Climate and Natural Vegetation of India

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Geography Solutions Chapter 2 Climate and Natural Vegetation of India

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Geography Solutions Chapter 2 Climate and Natural Vegetation of India

Climate and Natural Vegetation of India Textual Exercise

I. Choose the correct answer.

Climate And Natural Vegetation Of India Class 10 Question 1.
Meteorology is the science of ………
(a) Weather
(b) Social
(c) Political
(d) Human
Answer:
(a) Weather

Climate Of India Is Labelled As Answer Question 2.
We wear cotton during:
(a) Summer
(b) Winter
(c) Rainy
(d) Northeast monsoon
Answer:
(a) Summer

Climate And Natural Vegetation Of India Question 3.
Western disturbances cause rainfall in ………..
(a) Tamilnadu
(b) Kerala
(c) Punjab
(d) Madhya Pradesh
Answer:
(c) Punjab

Climate Of India Is Labelled As Question 4.
……………. helps in quick ripening of mangoes along the coast of Kerala and Karnataka.
(a) Loo
(b) Norwester
(c) Mango showers
(d) Jet stream
Answer:
(c) Mango showers

Climate And Natural Vegetation Of India 10th Class Question 5.
…….. is a line joining the places of equal rainfall.
(a) Isohyets
(b) Isobar
(c) Isotherm
(d) Latitudes
Answer:
(a) Isohyets

Question 6.
Climate of India is labelled as:
(a) Tropical humid
(b) Equatorial Climate
(c) Tropical Monsoon Climate
(d) Temperate Climate
Answer:
(c) Tropical Monsoon Climate

Question 7.
The monsoon forests are otherwise called as ………
(a) Tropical evergreen forest
(b) Deciduous forest
(c) Mangrove forest
(d) Mountain forest
Answer:
(b) Deciduous forest

Question 8.
……………. forests are found above 2400m Himalayas.
(a) Deciduous forests
(b) Alpine forests
(c) Mangrove forests
(d) Tidal forests
Answer:
(b) Alpine forests

Question 9.
Sesahachalam hills, a Biosphere reserve is situated in …….
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Karnataka
Answer:
(b) Andhra Pradesh

Question 10.
……………. is a part of the world network biosphere reserves of UNESCO.
(a) Nilgiri
(b) Agasthiyamalai
(c) Great Nicobar
(d) Kachch
Answer:
(a), (b) and (c)

II. Match the following.

Answers:
1. (d)
2. (e)
3. (b)
4. (a)
5. (c)

III. Consider the given statements and choose the correct option from the given below ones.

Question 1.
Assertion(A): Monsoons are a complex meteorological phenomenon.
Reason(R): Meteorologists have developed a number of concepts about the origin of monsoons.
(a) Both (A) and (B) are true: R explains A
(b) Both (A) and (B) are true: R does not explain A
(c) (A) is correct (R) is false
(d) (A) is false (R) is true
Answer:
(b) Both (A) and (B) are true: R does not explain A

Question 2.
Assertion(A): The Himalayas acts as a climatic barrier.
Reason(R): The Himalayas prevents cold winds from central Asia and keep the Indian Subcontinent warm. (Give option for this questions).
(a) Both (A) and (B) are true: R explains A
(b) Both (A) and (B) are true: R does not explain A
(c) (A) is correct (R) is false
(d) (A) is false (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (B) are true: R explains A

IV. Choose the inappropriate answer.

Question 1.
Tidal forests are found in and around:
(a) Desert
(b) The deltas of Ganga and Brahmaputra
(c) The delta of Godavari
(d) The delta of Mahanadhi
Answer:
(a) Desert

Question 2.
Climate of India is affected by ……
(a) Latitudinal extent
(b) Altitude
(c) Distance from the sea
(d) Soil
Answer:
(d) Soil

V. Answer briefly

Question 1.
Define ‘Meteorology’.
Answer:

1. The branch of science concerned with the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere.
2. It is a means of forecasting the weather.

Question 2.
What is meant by ‘normal lapse rate’?
Answer:
Temperature decreases at the rate of 6.5°C for every 1000 metres of ascent. It is called normal lapse rate.

Question 3.
What are ‘jet streams’?
Answer:

1. ‘Jet Streams’ are the fast moving winds blowing in a narrow zone in the upper layer of the atmosphere.
2. They play a vital role in the onset of South West monsoon and cause Tropical depressions both during South West monsoon and Retreating monsoon.

Question 4.
Write a short note on ‘Monsoon wind’.
Answer:

• The word ‘monsoon’ has been derived from the Arabic word ‘Mausim’ which means ‘season’.
• These winds appear to blow from southwest for six months and from northeast for another six months.
• In India it is used to refer to the winds which reverse their directions in summer and winter.

Question 5.
Name the four distinct seasons of India.
Answer:
On the basis of the monsoon variations, the meteorologists recognize four distinct seasons of India. They are

1. Winter or Cold weather season (January-February).
2. Summer or Hot weather season (March-May).
3. Southwest monsoon or Rainy season (June-September).
4. Northeast monsoon season (October-November).

Question 6.
What is ‘burst of monsoon’?
Answer:

1. The Southwest monsoon winds are moisture laden winds because they originate from the Indian Ocean.
2. When they approach the southern part of Kerala they give rain with violent thunderstrom including the onset of monsoon and lightening. This is known as the ‘brust of the Monsoon’.

Question 7.
Name the areas which receive heavy rainfall.
Answer:

1. The areas that receive 200cm and above rainfall annually comes under heavy rainfall regions.
2. The Western coast, Assam, South Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.

Question 8.
State places of mangrove forest in India.
Answer:

• The deltas of Ganga,
• The Mahanadi,
• The Krishna,
• The Godavari and
• The Kaveri is covered by mangrove forest in India.

Question 9.
Name the trees of tropical evergreen forest.
Answer:

1. Tropical evergreen forests are found in the areas where the annual rainfall is 200cm and more.
2. The most important trees of these forests are Ebony, Mahogany, Rubber, Rose wood, Iron wood, Cedar, Bamboo, Coconut, Cinchona and Candes.

Question 10.
Write any five biosphere reserves in India.
Answer:

1. Agasthyamalai
2. Dibru Saikhowa
3. Dihang Dibang
4. Great Nicobar
5. Gulf of Mannar
6. The Nilgiris
7. Sundarbans

Question 11.
What is ‘Project Tiger’?
Answer:

1. ‘Project Tiger” is a Project launched in April 1973 with the aim to conserve tiger population specifically constituted “Tiger Reserves” in India:
2. This project is benefited tremendously with an increase of over 60%. The 1979 consensus put the population at 3,015.

VI. Distinguish between.

Question 1.
Weather and Climate
Answer:

S.No.	Weather	Climate
1.	Weather is a day to day conditions of the atmosphere of any place in regard to temperature, pressure, wind, humidity and rainfall.	Climate is the average state of weather for a longer period of time at any place.
2.	It is calculated for a day or a short period of time.	To get reliable average of climate, a minimum of 35 years records of weather are necessary.

Question 2.
Tropical Evergreen Forest and Deciduous Forest.
Answer:

Question 3.
North Fast Monsoon and South West Monsoon.
Answer:

VII. Give reasons.

Question 1.
Western Coastal plain is narrow.
Answer:
The Western coastal plain is narrowly located in between the Arabian sea coast and the Western Ghats in a gap having 50 km width only.

Question 2.
India has a tropical monsoon climate.
Answer:
India has a monsoon type of climate because it lies between the latitudes 20° N to 20° S where monsoons are experienced. In this the wind charges direction with the change in season.The monsoon winds prevail mainly in Indian Ocean. The conditions are made in such a way that the winds blows from the South-West from April to October and from opposite direction, the north-east from October to April.

Question 3.
Mountains are cooler than the plains.
Answer:
As per the Normal Lapse rate phenomena temperature decreases with increasing altitudes at the rate of 6.5°C for every 1000 mts of ascent. Thus mountains are cooler than the plains.

VIII. Write in detail.

Question 1.
Write about South West Monsoon.
Answer:

1. The southwest monsoon is the most significant feature of the Indian climate.
2. The onset of the southwest monsoon takes place normally over the southern tip of the country by the first week of June, advances along the Konkan coast in early June and covers the whole country by 15th July.
3. The monsoon is influenced by global phenomenon like ElNino.
4. Prior to the onset of the southwest monsoon, the temperature in the north India reaches upto 46°C.
5. The sudden approach of monsoon wind over south India with lightning and thunder is termed as the ‘break’ or ‘burst of monsoon’.
6. It lowers the temperature of India to a large extent.
7. The monsoon wind strikes against the southern tip of Indian land mass and gets divided into two branches.
8. One branch starts from Arabian sea and the other from Bay of Bengal.
9. The Arabian sea branch of southwest monsoon gives heavy rainfall to the west coast of India as it is located in the windward side of the Western Ghats.
10. The other part which advances towards north is obstructed by Himalayan Mountains and results in heavy rainfall in north.
11. As Aravalli Mountain is located parallel to the wind direction, Rajasthan and western part do not get much rainfall from this branch.
12. The wind from Bay of Bengal branch moves towards northeast India and Myanmar.
13. This wind is trapped by a chain of mountains namely Garo, Khasi and Jaintia are mainly responsible for the heaviest rainfall caused at Mawsynram located in Meghalaya.
14. Later on, this wind travel towards west which results in decrease in rainfall from east to west.
15. Over all about 75% of Indian rainfall is received from this monsoon.
16. Tamilnadu which is located in the leeward side receives only a meagre rainfall.

Question 2.
Describe the forests of India.
Answer:
On the basis of climate , soil and land forms the natural vegetation of India

is divided into the following types:

Tropical Evergreen Forest:

1. These forests are found in areas with 200cm or more annual rainfall.
2. Western Ghats in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala , Andaman & Nicobar islands Assam, West Bengal, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur and Meghalaya states have this type of forests.
3. Important trees: Rubber, Mahogany, Ebony, Cedar etc not fully exploited due to dense foliage and lack of transport.

Tropical Deciduous Forest or Monsoon Forest:

1. They are found in the areas with 100 to 200cm annual rainfall.
2. Areas: Region from Punjab, Assam, Great Plains, Punjab Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Central India, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh . In South India, Andhra Pradesh Telangana, Karnataka, TamilNadu and Kerala.
3. Important Trees: Teak, Sal, Bamboo, Sandal wood, Rose wood, Padauk etc. shed their leaves during spring and early summer. These forests are economically valuable as they provide timber wood and essential raw materials for industries.

Tropical Dry forest:

1. These forests are found in the areas with 50 to 100 cm rainfall.
2. These are found in East Rajasthan, western Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Karnataka and East TamilNadu.
3. Important trees: Bamboo, Kirkar, Khair, Babool.

Desert and Semi desert Vegetation:

1. They are also called Tropical thorn forests.
2. These are found in areas of less than 50cm annual rainfall.
3. They are found in the states of North west India., West Rajasthan, South west Haryana, North Gujarat and dry parts of Deccan plateau.
4. Babul, Khair and wild palms are common trees.

Mountain or Himalayan forests:
These forests are classified on the basis of altitude and amount of rainfall.

(a) Eastern Himalayan forests:

• These are found on the slopes of mountains in north east states.
• As they receive more than 200 cm rainfall the vegetation is of evergreen type.
• In the altitude between I200-2400m main trees like Sal, Oak, Laurel, Cinnamon, Chestnut are seen.
• From 2400 – 3600m altitude – Oak, Silver fir, pine, Spruce and Juniper are the major trees.

(b) Western Himalayan Forest:

• The rainfall of this region is moderate.
• These forests are found in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarkhand.
• Up to 900m altitude semi desert vegetation.
• From 900 m to 1800 m chirtree.
• From 1800m to 3000m altitude covered with semi temperatem coniferous forest.
• Deodar, Poplar and birch are the main trees.

Alpine Forests:

1. It occurs all along the Himalayas above 2400 m altitude.
2. These forest have mainly coniferous trees. Oak, Silver fir, Pine and Juniper are the main trees.

Tidal Forest:

1. These forests are also known as Mangrove forests.
2. These forests are found in and around the deltas estuaries and creeks prone to tidal influence.
3. They are Swampy in nature.
4. The delta of Ganga – Brahmaputra, Deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna have this type of forests.

Coastal forests:

1. These are littoral forests generally found in coastal areas.
2. Casuarina, Palm and Coconut are the main trees.
3. The Eastern and Western coasts especially Kerala and Goa coasts are known for these forests.

Riverine Forests:

1. These forests are found along the rivers on Khader areas.
2. The riverines of Great plains have this type of vegetation.
3. These forests are known for tamarisk and tamarind trees.

Question 3.
Write the names of biosphere reserves and their location in India.
Answer:
Biosphere reserves are protected areas of land coastal environments wherein people are an integral component of the system.

IX. Map.

Mark the following in the outline map of India
1. Direction of South West Monsoon wind
2. Direction of North East Monsoon wind
3. Areas of heavy rainfall
4. Mountain forests
5. Panna biosphere reserve
6. Agasthiyamalai biosphere reserve
Map is given on the next page

In-Text Hots Questions:

Question 1.
Why is Mawsynram, the wettest place in the world.
Answer:
Mawsynram is the wettest place in the world because climate with an extraordinary showers and long monsoonal season and a short dry season.

Find Out:

Question 1.
Find out the temperature of Ooty (2240 m) if it is 35°C in Chennai (6.7 m).
Answer:
Due to the presence of trees and abundant flora, Ooty never experiences a hot day even in the peak of summer. Ooty’s weather is characterised by abundant sunshine, rains, chill and fresh air ushered by the spring season.

The temperature of Ooty is 22°C when the temperature of Chennai is 35°C.

Climate and Natural Vegetation of India Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
The place that get rainfall from the western disturbance is
(a) Jammu & Kashmir
(b) Mumbai
(c) Ahmedabad
Answer:
(a) Jammu & Kashmir

Question 2.
Western Disturbances causes snowfall in:
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Punjab
(c) Assam
(d) Kerala
Answer:
(a) Jammu and Kashmir

Question 3.
The Coastal areas enjoy climate.
(a) Continental
(b) Equable
(c) humid
Answer:
(b) Equable

Question 4.
The average rainfall of India is about:
(a) 118 cm
(b) 300 cm
(c) 100 cm
(d) 400 cm
Answer:
(a) 118 cm

Question 5.
The Predominant soil in the coastal plains and north Indian Plains is ………..
(a) Alluvial
(b) Black
(c) Arid
Answer:
(a) Alluvial

Question 6.
……………. trees are the most prominent of the Alpine forest.
(a) Mangrove
(b) Coniferous
(c) Coconut
(d) Teak
Answer:
(b) Coniferous

Question 7.
Thunderstorms are called Kalbaisakhis in ……….
(a) Chennai
(b) Haryana
(c) Punjab
Answer:
(c) Punjab

Question 8.
These forests are found along the rivers on Khadar areas:
(a) Coastal
(b) Evergreen
(c) Riverine
(d) Deciduous
Answer:
(c) Riverine

Question 9.
Frequent cyclones are formed in the ………
(a) Arabian Sea
(b) Bay of Bengal
(c) Indian Ocean
Answer:
(b) Bay of Bengal

Question 10.
Cold desert Biosphere Reserve is in:
(a) West Bengal
(b) Odisha
(c) Himachal Pradesh
(d) Madhya Pradesh
Answer:
(c) Himachal Pradesh

Question 11.
The variation on …….. elements give rise to variety of vegetation.
(a) climate
(b) water
(c) monsoon
Answer:
(a) climate

Question 12.
…………….. is net a part of the world network biosphere reserves of UNESCO.
(a) Nilgiri
(b) Agasthiyamalai
(c) Great Nicobar
(d) Kachch
Answer:
(d) Kachch

Question 13.
In the coastal areas ……… plateau act as a barrier.
(a) Malwa
(b) Deccan
(c) Shillong
Answer:
(c) Shillong

Question 14.
Chennai enjoys ……. climate.
(a) equable
(b) continental
(c) moderate
Answer:
(a) equable

Question 15.
Continental climate is experienced by ………..
(a) Bombay
(b) Delhi
(c) Kolkatta
Answer:
(b) Delhi

Question 16.
The south-east trade winds originate in the ……..
(a) land
(b) ocean
(c) river bed
Answer:
(b) ocean

Question 17.
In the upper layers of the troposphere ……… are found.
(a) Jet streams
(b) hot streams
(c) Wet streams
Answer:
(a) Jet streams

Question 18.
The unifying factor of the climate of India is …….. winds.
(a) westerly
(b) northern
(c) monsoon
Answer:
(c) monsoon

Question 19.
Retreating monsoon winds flow from ………….
(a) land to sea
(b) Sea to land
(c) over land
Answer:
(a) land to sea

Question 20.
Kalbaisakhi are the thunder storms caused in ……..
(a) Punjab
(b) Assam
(c) Bihar
Answer:
(a) Punjab

Question 21.
Southwest monsoon get deflected when they cross the ………
(a) Tropic of Cancer
(b) equator
(c) Artie circle
Answer:
(b) equator

Question 22.
The Arabian sea branch of monsoon wind first strikes against the …………
(a) Eastern Ghats
(b) Deccan plateau
(c) Western Ghats
Answer:
(c) Western Ghats

Question 23.
The amount of rainfall received by ………. is 100 to 200 cm of rainfall.
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) punjab
Answer:
(b) Madhya Pradesh

Question 24.
The Old alluvium is called ……….
(a) Bhangar
(b) Khader
(c) Regur soil
Answer:
(a) Bhangar

Question 25.
The red soil is …….. of moisture.
(a) retentive
(b) high retentive
(c) non-retentive
Answer:
(c) non-retentive

Question 26.
The ……… soil is rich in humus and organic matter.
(a) Arid & Desert
(b) Laterite
(c) forest & mountain
Answer:
(c) forest & mountain

Question 27.
Palmyra is found in ………. forests.
(a) Tropical Evergreen
(b) Thorn and Scrub
(c) Tropical Deciduous Monsoon
Answer:
(b) Thorn and Scrub

Question 28.
In Tamil Nadu ………… forests are found in Vedaranyam.
(a) Thom & Scrub
(b) Tropical Evergreen
(c) Mangrove
Answer:
(c) Mangrove

Question 29.
Shrub vegetation is found in ……….
(a) Himadri
(b) Shiwalik Range
(c) Himachal
Answer:
(a) Himadri

Question 30.
Gir National Park is found in ………
(a) Gujarat
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Uttaranchal
Answer:
(a) Gujarat

II. Match the following.

Answers:
1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (a)
4. (e)
5. (b)

Answers:
1. (d)
2. (e)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (c)

Answers:
1. (c)
2. (e)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (d)

Answers:
1. (e)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (c)
5. (a)

Answers:
1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (e)
4. (a)
5. (b)

Answers:
1. (d)
2. (a)
3. (e)
4. (c)
5. (b)

Answers:
1. (e)
2. (c)
3. (d)
4. (a)
5. (b)

III. Fill in the blanks.

1. The cold polar winds from Central Asia is prevented by the ………..
2. The low pressure depressions originate over the Mediterranean sea is called ……….
3. Thunder showers in Kerala during May are called ………….
4. The occurrence of sudden rainfall with violent thunder and lightening is termed as ………..
5. The crop that grow well in black soil is ………..
6. The mighty ……… in the north play a vital role in influencing the climate of India.
7. The Himalayas act not only as physical barrier but also as ………
8. The diversion of the monsoon winds are responsible for ……. rainfall over the entire coastal area.
9. Since the northern plains are far away from the influence of the seas, they have ……….
10. The pressure belts and the wind systems follow the apparent movements of the ……….
11. The Velocity of winds depends upon the ……….. gradient.
12. The South-east trade wind blow from over ……… land in summer.
13. Jet streams cause rainfall in ……… India.
14. Mausim is an ………. word.
15. Mausim means ……… winds.
16. During the winter, the sun is overhead in the Tropic of ………
17. Tamil Nadu gets its winter rainfall from the …….. winds.
18. The snowfall in the hills of Jammu and Kashmir is caused by the ………..
19. The resins caused by the Western disturbances is useful for the cultivation of ………..
20. In Summer season, the Sun’s rays are vertical over ………
21. Equable climate is also called as the ……….
22. Mawsynram receives highest rainfall ……. in the world.
23. Project Tiger was launched in ……….
24. India has more than ……… of animal species.
25. India has a rich and diversified ……….
26. The Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL) was constituted in …………
27. Wet forest of Assam is the natural habitat of …………
28. ……….. is the only habitat remaining for Lion.
29 ……… and …….. Island has the minimum area under forest cover.
30. The species of animals are referred to as ……..
Answers:
1. Himalayas
2. Western disturbances
3. Mango showers
4. Monsoon Burst
5. Wheat
6. Himalayas
7. climatic
8. orographic
9. continental
10. Sun
11. pressure
12. hot
13. North-west
14. Arabic
15. reversal
16. capricorn
17. retreating monsoon
18. Western Disturbance
19. wheat
20. Tropic of cancer
21. British climate
22. 1141 cm
23. April 1973
24. 89,000
25. wildlife
26. 1952
27. elephant
28. Gir forest
29. Andaman, Nicobar
30. fauna

IV. Answer in one word.

Question 1.
Which place has the lowest recorded temperature in India?
Answer:
Drass in Jammu and Kashmir.

Question 2.
Which part of India experiences the highest range of temperature in a day?
Answer:
Desert of Rajasthan.

Question 3.
Where is monsoon experienced mainly?
Answer:
Monsoon are experienced mainly in 20° N to 20° S latitude.

Question 4.
What is meant by EL Nino?
Answer:
EL Nino is a Spanish word meaning ‘the child’ and refers to the baby christ.

Question 5.
When does winter season occur in India?
Answer:
The cold weather season begins from mid November in northern India and stay till February.

Question 6.
Which winds prevail during winter season?
Answer:
The north-east trade winds prevail over the country during winter season.

Question 7.
What is the duration of retreating monsoon in India?
Answer:
October – November

Question 8.
What are the effects of tropical cyclones?
Answer:
The effect of tropical cyclones is that it is often very destructive and cause great damage to life and properly.

Question 9.
Which are the regions that receive heavy rainfall and flood prone in India?
Answer:
The Western Coast and North-Eastern India

Question 10.
Which regions of India still has natural vegetation in real sense?
Answer:
In accessible regions of Himalayas, Hilly regions of Central India, Marusthali.

Question 11.
What kind of Vegetation is supported by the sandy soil of the desert?
Answer:
Cactus or thorny busters.

Question 12.
What does the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude in Himalayas result in?
Answer:
Succession of natural vegetation belt.

Question 13.
Name the most widespread forest of India.
Answer:
Tropical deciduous forest.

Question 14.
To what height does the trees of evergreen forests achieve?
Answer:
The trees reach great height up to 60 metres or even above.

Question 15.
Which important endangered animal is found in the jungles of Assam and West Bengal?
Answer:
The one-horned rhinoceros are found in the jungles of Assam and West Bengal.

Question 16.
Name the important trees of Alpine Vegetation.
Answer:
Silver for, junipers, pines and birches.

Question 17.
Name two evergreen broad leaf trees.
Answer:
Oaks and Chestnut.

Question 18.
The undulating and rough terrains are areas of which kind of natural vegetation.
Answer:
Grassland and Woodland.

Question 19.
What is the important characteristic features of dense mangrove forest?
Answer:
In mangrove trees, roots of the plants are submerged under water.

Question 20.
Name the important varieties of trees found in Mangrove forests.
Answer:
In the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta, sundari trees are found, which provide durable hard timber. Palm, coconut, keora, agar, abo grow in some parts of the delta.

Question 21.
How are Tropical Deciduous forests divided on the basis of availability of water?
Answer:

• They are divided into two types: Moist and dry deciduous forests.

Question 22.
To which type of vegetation does rubber belong to?
Answer:
Tropical rainforests

Question 23.
What is the natural habitat of elephant?
Answer:
Wet forest of Assam.

Question 24.
What is the natural habitat for wild ass and camels?
Answer:
Arid area of Rann of Kutch and the Thar desert.

Question 25.
Name the biosphere reserves of India which is included in the world network of bio reserve?
Answer:
Sundarbans, Nilgiris, Gulf of Manner, Nanda Devi.

Question 26.
Which biosphere reserve is located at the trijunction of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
Nilgiris

Question 27.
Which are the most majestic animals among the mammals? Where are they found?
Answer:
Elephants. They are found in the hot wet forests of Assam, Karnataka and Kerala.

Question 28.
When was Wildlife Protection Act implemented?
Answer:
Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 in India.

Question 29.
Where are tigers mostly found in India?
Answer:
Tigers are found in the forests of Madhya Pradesh, the Sundarbans of West Bengal and the Himalayan region.

Question 30.
Name the migrating birds that come to India during winter.
Answer:
Siberian Crane and Flamingo.

V. Answer briefly.

Question 1.
What is the weather?
Answer:
Weather refers to the state of atmosphere of a place at a given point of time.

Question 2.
Name the factors determining the climate of India.
Answer:

1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Distance from the seas
4. Monsoon winds
5. Position of Mountains; and
6. Jet Streams

Question 3.
Write a note on Norwesters:
Answer:

1. Northwestern or Kalbaisakhis are the local severe storms or violent thunderstorms with strong winds and rain lasting for short durations.
2. It occurs over the eastern and Northeastern parts of Bihar, West Bengal ‘ and Assam during April and May.

Question 4.
What is the effect of latitude on the climate of India?
Answer:

• The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country.
• Almost half of the country lying south of the Tropic of cancer, belongs to the tropical area and areas of north of the Tropic lies in the sub-tropics.

Therefore, India’s climate has characteristics of tropical as well as subtropical climates.

Question 5.
How do western disturbances helpful to agriculture?
Answer:
Western disturbances occur during cold weather season. These winds cause rainfall in Punjab-Haryana and Himachal Pradesh and is very useful for the cultivation of winter wheat.

Question 6.
How do the north east trade winds of India get reversed into south west monsoon winds?
Answer:

• By early June, the low pressure condition over the northern plains intensifies It attracts the trade winds of the southern hemisphere.
• These south-east trade winds originate over the warm subtropical areas of the southern oceans.
• They cross the equator and blow in a southwesterly direction entering the Indian Peninsular as the south west monsoon.

Question 7.
Write a note on the uneven distribution of rainfall in India.
Answer:

1. The distribution of rainfall in India is highly uneven.
2. About 11% area receives over 200 cm of annual, rainfall, 21% area receives 125-200 cm. 37% area receives 75-125 cm, 24% area gets 35 to 75 cm and 7% area gets less than 35 cm.

Question 8.
What are the steps taken by government to protect flora and fauna?
Answer:

• Financial and technical assistance to Botanical Garden.
• Eco development projects have been introduced.
• National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere reserves have been set up.

Question 9.
What were the objectives of Wild life (protection) Act of 1972?
Answer:
The Government of India enacted wild life protection Act in 1972.
The objectives of this Act.

1. Protecting the wild life of the country.
2. To control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wild life and its diversities.

Question 10.
Describe about Norwesters.
Answer:
When the winds blow from south-west to north-east directions in Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, they cause local storms called “Norwesters” in the north eastern part of India during the summer season. Thus thunder storms are also called Kalbaisakhi (of the month of Baisakh) in Punjab.

Question 11.
Name the state animal of Tamil Nadu. Why its population is continuously decreasing?
Answer:

1. The Nilgiri Tahr is the state animal of Tamil Nadu.
2. In the Western Ghats continuous poaching and Eucalyptus cultivation hamper its habitat causing its depletion.

Question 12.
Name the biosphere reserve that have been included in the world network of biosphere reserve.
Answer:

1. The Sundarbans in the West Bengal
2. Nanda Devi in Uttarkhand
3. The Gulf of Manner in Tamil Nadu
4. The Nilgiris (Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu)

Question 13.
Name some Bird sanctuaries in India.
Answer:
Pulicat, Vedanthangal, Point Calimer-TamilNadu.
Chilka lake – Odhisha
Bharathpur – Rajasthan
Ranganthittu – Karnataka.

Question 14.
Describe the climatic conditions of Tropical Deciduous forests.
Answer:
Climate of tropical deciduous forests is influenced by the monsoons. These forests are found in regions receiving them. Forests shed their leaves for 6 – 8 weeks in dry summer, to conserve moisture.

Question 15.
Where are migrating birds found in India?
Answer:
During winter, birds auch as Siberian cranes come in large numbers. One such place favourable with birds is the Rann of Kutch. At a place where the desert merges with the sea, flamingo with their brilliant pink plumage come in thousands to build nest mounds from the salty mud and raise their young ones.

Question 16.
What are the main causes that have created major threat to the natural environment?
Answer:

• Hunting by greedy hunters for commercial purposes.
• Pollution due to chemical and industrial waste.
• Acid deposits.
• Introduction of alien species
• reckless cutting of the forests to bring land under cultivation and inhabitation, are also responsible for the imbalance.

Question 17.
Give the importance of biodiversity.
Answer:

• Crops are being selected from a biodiverse environment, i.e., from the reserve of edible plants.
• Many medicinal plants are being experimented and selected
• The animal were selected from large stock provided by nature as milch animal.

Question 18.
How are forests useful to us? Give examples.
Answer:
Forests provide to man food, fibre, fodder, timber, fuel, wood and act as a host of other essential items.

• It provides raw materials to industry and transport.
• Forest is a renewable resource and is widely used as domestic fuel in third world countries.
• Forest also influences the environment by modifying local climate, controlling soil erosion and deposits humans in the soil regulating stream flows.
• Minor forest products provide livelihood to many forests dwellers. Besides, forest is the home of various wild animals and birds. It offers recreation to man and also boosts the tourism industry.

Question 19.
How can we save our ecosystem and preserve it?
Answer:

• Checking growth of population otherwise population explosion will result in imbalance.
• Checking the land pollution and air pollution.
• Waste from houses and industries should be treated properly.
• Avoiding deforestation indiscriminately.

Question 20.
Describe the need for the conservation of natural resources.
Answer:
If we go on exploiting the natural resources, there will be no more resources available in future. So, there is an urgent needs to conserve the nature.

Some of the needs are,

• To maintain ecological balance for supporting life.
• To preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity)
• To make the resources available for present and future generation.
• To ensure the survival of human race.

VI. Answer in detail.

Question 1.
Give an account on ” Wildlife” in India.
Answer:

1. The term wildlife includes animals of any habitat in nature.
2. India has a rich and diversified wildlife.
3. The India fauna consists of about 81,251 species of animals out of the world’s total of about 1.5 million species.
4. The faunal diversity of the country consists of about 6500 invertebrates, 5000 molluses, 2546 fishes, 1228 birds, 458 mammals, 446 reptiles, 204 amphibians, 4 Panthers and about 60,000 species of insects.
5. Our country is the home to tigers, leopards, snow leopards, pythons, foxes, crocodiles, rhinoceroses, camels, monkeys, elephants, antelopes, deer, bison etc.
6. At present situation deforestation and other anthropogenic interferences in the natural habitats have caused extinction of some species and many are facing the danger of extinction.
7. Wild life maintain ecological balance, so, conservation and management of biodiversity of India is necessary.

Question 2.
Mention any five facts that are important to understand the mechanism of the monsoon.
Answer:
To understand the mechanism of the monsoons the following facts are important.

1. The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates low pressure on the landmass of India while the seas around experience comparatively high pressure.
2. The shift of the position of Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer over the Ganga plain (this is the equatorial through normally positioned about 5° N of the equator also known as the monsoon trough during the monsoon season.
3. The presence of the high-pressure area, east of Madagascar, approximately at 20° S over the high-pressure area affects the Indian monsoon.
4. The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which results in strong vertical air currents and the formation of high pressure over the plateau at about 9 km above sea level.
5. The movement of the westerly jet stream to the north of the Himalayas and the presence of the tropical easterly jet stream over the Indian peninsula during summer.

Question 3.
Describe the commonly used medicinal plants in India.
Answer:

1. Sarpagandha: Used to treat blood pressure is found only in India.
2. Jamun: The juice from ripe fruit is used to prepare vinegar which is carminative and diuretic and has digestive properties. The powder of the seed is used for controlling diabetes.
3. Arjun: The fresh juice of leaves is a cure for earache. It is also used to regulate blood pressure.
4. Babool: Leaves are used as a cure for eye sores. Its gum is used as a tonic.
5. Neem: has high antibiotic and antibacterial properties.
6. Tulsi Plant: Used to cure cough and cold.

Question 4.
What are the major important steps taken by the government to protect flora and fauna of the country?
Answer:

1. Now 18 biosphere reserves have been set up in the country to protect flora and fauna. Four out of these, the Sunderbans in the west Bengal, Nanda Devi in Uttarakhand, the Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu and the been included in the world network of biosphere reserves.
2. Financial and technical assistance is provided to many Botanical Gardens by the government since 1992.
3. Project Tiger, Proj ect Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard and many other ecodevelopmental project have been introduced.
4. Over 102 national parks, 514 wildlife sanctuaries and zoological gardens are set up to take care of natural heritage.
5. The killing of Wildlife has been banned by the government special forest officers have been appointed to catch greedy hunters.
6. Periodic census is being taken to find out the latest position of some rare species so that they can be preserved for our future generations.

Question 5.
Write the importance of forests.
Answer:

• Forests provides valuable timber for domestic and commercial use. They supply new
  materials for industries.
• It supplies a number of products such as Lac, Gum, Resins, Tanning materials, medicines, Herbs, Honey and spices.
• Export of forest products earns valuable foreign exchange.
• Grazing cattle in the forests helps in dairy farming.
• Many forest reserves have been developed into tourist centres.
• Forests absorb atmospheric carbon-dioxides and help in controlling air pollution.
• They help in water percolation and thus maintain underground water table.
• They provide natural habitats to primitive tribes animals and birds.
• They are the moderators of climate and affect temperature, humidity and rainfall.
• Forests meet nearly 40% of the energy needs of the country.

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