Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Economics Solutions Chapter 5 Migration

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Economics Solutions Chapter 5 Migration

Migration Textual Exercise

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
According to 2011 census, the total population of India was
(a) 121 crore
(b) 221 crore
(c) 102 crore
(d) 100 crore
Answer:
(a) 121 crore

Question 2
……… has recorded the maximum number of out migrants.
(a) Ramanathapuram
(b) Coimbatore
(c) Chennai
(d) Vellore
Answer:
(c) Chennai

Question 3.
During 2015, …….. illiterates were migrants from Tamil Nadu.
(a) 7%
(b) 175%
(c) 23%
(d) 9%
Answer:
(a) 7%

Question 4.
The poorer sections of the population people migrate for ……….
(a) Survival strategy
(b) Improve their living standards
(c) Service
(d) Getting experience
Answer:
(a) Survival strategy

II. Fill in the blanks.
1. Migration is enumerated ……. on ……. and bases.
2. The mobility of population is rural areas is ……. than urban areas.
3. In rural India, as per census 2011, …… percent of the population are counted as migrants.
4. …….. is the major reason for female migration.
5. Any migrant stream would consist of …….. sub streams.
Answers:
1. place of birth, place of residence
2. greater
3. 37 %
4. Saratoga
5. heterogenous

III Match the following:

Answers:
1. (e)
2. (d)
3. (c)
4. (f)
5. (b)
6. (a)

IV. Give short Answers

Question 1.
Enlist the reasons for migration.
Answer:
The reasons for migration include; Work/Employment, Business, Education, Marriage and other such reasons.

Question 2.
What are the major factors responsible for female migrants in India?
Answer:
Marriage and the movement associated with marriage appear to be a major factor responsible for women’s mobility in India and Tamil Nadu.

Question 3.
Name four districts in Tamil Nadu which record low number of imigration.
Answer:
Cuddalore, Karur, Thiruvannamalai, Vellore, Namakkal, Salem, Dindigul, Krishnagiri, Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts record low number of emigrants.

Question 4.
What are the factors responsible for the poorer sections and better-off sections to migrate.
Answer:
The poorer sections of the people migrate for survival, but migrants from better-off sections migrate to improve their living standards.

Question 5.
List the four destinations and the percentage of migrants from Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Of the total migrants who go to foreign countries, nearly 20% have chosen to go to Singapore, while 18% to the United Arab Emirates, 16% to Saudi Arabia, 13 % to the United States of America.

Question 6.
What does the study reveal about the occupation undertaken by migrants?
Answer:
The study clearly reveals various occupations undertaken by the migrants: highly skilled proffessions on one hand and low skilled occupations on the other, along with a large number of semi-skilled occupations.

V. Answer in Detail

Question 1.
State the aims of migration policies.
Answer:
Policies to address the problem of migration in developing countries like India essentially aim at the following:
• To reduce the volume of migration: As a large part of migration is a reflection of poverty
and insecurity faced by large sections of the rural people, the focus of intervention has to be in rural areas. Rural development policies to reduce poverty and insecurity would be essential to reduce the rate of migration.

• To redirect the migrant streams: Redirection of migrant streams, away from big metropolitan cities is a desirable policy option. This policy can help in reducing spatial inequalities by suitable strategies, such as developing a more dispersed pattern of urbanisation.

Question 2.
Discuss the patterns of migration.
Answer:
The pattern of migration is very complex, comprising of a number of streams:

rural to rural; rural to urban; urban to rural; urban to urban
short, medium and long distance migration streams
long-term stable migration and short-term circulatory type of movements

Each of these streams would consist of different types of migrants, (from different social classes) each with its own reason for migration. The extent and nature of these migrant streams would essentially depend on.

pressures and aspirations experienced by people at the origin of migration
constraints imposed on mobility at the origin of migration
opportunities at the destination and availability of information regarding these opportunities and
the cost of migration.

Question 3.
Elucidate about some of the interesting findings on migration in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
In Tamil Nadu, two out of every five persons is reported to be a migrant in the year 2011. Incidence of migrants is higher in rural areas and larger among women. Tamil Nadu has a history of migration and people have moved for various reasons such as trade, business, employment etc, to various countries. During the colonial period, labourers had moved to other colonies seeking work and wages. In the more recent period workers from Tamil Nadu have been moving to countries in the Gulf, United States of America and Australia. In 2015, an independent research study was conducted to understand the level, nature and pattern of migration in Tamil Nadu. This study has made some interesting findings, as discussed below:

Of the total migrants in Tamil Nadu, 65 percent have migrated or moved abroad while 35 percent have moved within the country.
Chennai district has recorded the maximum number of emigrants followed by Coimbatore, Ramanathapuram and Tiruchirapalli districts.
Cuddalore, Karur, Thiruvannamalai, Vellore, Namakkal, Salem, Dindigul, Krishnagiri, Nilgirfs and Dharmapuri districts record low number of emigrants. This study also provides information about the sex and destination of migrants Tamil Nadu.
Of the total migrants who go to foreign countries, nearly 20% have chosen to go to Singapore, while 18% to the United Arab Emirates, 16% to Saudi Arabia, 13 % to the United States of America; and Malaysia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Australia and England are also refered as important destinations for migrants from Tamil Nadu in the year 2015.
Of the international migrants, 15 percent are women, while 85 percent are men.

Question 4.
Analyse the educational qualification of migrants from Tamil Nadu in 2015.
Answer:
On the question of educational qualifications of migrants from Tamil Nadu, the study reveals that in 2015 about 7 % were illiterates; 30 % have completed. Class X; 10 % have completed Class XII; 15 % had undergone vocational training; 11 % were graduates; 12% were professionally qualified and 11 % had Post Graduate degrees.

VI Write the correct statement

Question 1.
In recent times workers from Tamil Nadu are moving to Africa.
Answer:
In the more recent period workers from Tamil Nadu have been moving to countries in the Gulf, United States of America and Australia.

Question 2.
In Tamil Nadu, the extent of migration is much higher in urban areas compared to rural areas.
Answer:
In Tamil Nadu the extent of migration is much higher in rural areas.

Question 3.
Any migrant stream would consist of homogenous sub streams.
Answer:
Any migrant stream would consist of heterogenous-sub streams.

Question 4.
Two out of every 10 persons is reported to be a migrant.
Answer:
Two out of every 5 persons is reported to be a migrant.

VII. Project & Activity

Question 1.
Prepare statistical data by interacting with your class mates and school mates and find out how many families have migrated.
Answer:
You can prepare the assignment using internet, under the guidance of your teacher.

Question 2.
Prepare an album of pictures on Rural to Rural, Rural to Urban, Urban to Rural and Urban to Urban migration.
Answer:
You can prepare the assignment using internet, under the guidance of your teacher.

VIII. Life Skills

Question 1.
Collect data on various languages spoken in your class and represent through a pie chart.
Answer:
You can prepare the assignment using internet, under the guidance of your teacher.

Migration Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
The percentage of migrants in Tamil Nadu is ……… percent.
(a) 40
(b) 42
(c) 43
(d) 41
Answer:
(c) 43

Question 2.
The percent of female migrants in 2011 ……. literally means “rule of the people”.
(a) 53
(b) 52
(c) 51
(d) 50
Answer:
(a) 53

Question 3.
Out of 7.2 crore people ….. crore people were counted as migrants.
(a) 3.11
(b) 3.13
(c) 3.12
(d) 3.14
Answer:
(b) 3.13

Question 4.
The largest migration corridor in the world in 2010 was …….
(a) Mexico
(b) Australia
(c) Dubai
(d) Saudi
Answer:
(a) Mexico

Question 5.
Of the International migrants % are women.
(a) 10
(b) 20
(c) 15
(d) 25
Answer:
(c) 15

II. Match the following:

Answers:
1. (e)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (a)
5. (c)

III. Fill in the blanks.

1. The percentage of migrants in Tamil Nadu in 2011 is ………
2. The male migrants in Tamil Nadu is …… in 2011.
3. Movement related to …… and ……. appears to be the driving force for migration
among men.
Answers:
1. 43
2. 35
3. work, employment

IV. Give short answers.

Question 1.
The percentage of migrants was at a much higher rate in Tamil Nadu. Comment.
Answer:
In Tamil Nadu out of 7.2 crore people, 3.13 crore people were counted as migrants, in 2011. That is, the percentage of migrants was 37 percent in the country, while it was at a much higher rate in Tamil Nadu at 43 percent.

Question 2.
Write a short note on “Female Migration”.
Answer:
However, an examination of .data clearly indicates that a larger proportion of females are reported to be migrants compared to males. In the country as a whole, 53 percent are female migrants while 23 percent are male migrants, in 2011. In Tamil Nadu, the picture is very similar, with more than half the females (52%) reporting their status as migrants, by place of last residence, and 35 percent are male migrants.

Question 3.
What does the recent study say about the mobility in Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
In the more recent period workers from Tamil Nadu have been moving to countries in the Gulf, United States of America and Australia. In 2015, an independent research study was conducted to understand the level, nature and pattern of migration in Tamil Nadu.

V. Answer in detail.

Question 1.
On what factors the extent and nature of migration depend?
Answer:
Each of these streams would consist of different types of migrants, (from different social classes) each with its own reason for migration. The extent and nature of these migrant streams would essentially depend on.

pressures and aspirations experienced by people at the origin of migration
constraints imposed on mobility at the origin of migration
opportunities at the destination and availability of information regarding these opportunities
the cost of migration