UP Board Class 10 English Chapter 3 – Sentences and their Kinds (Grammar)
UP Board Class 10 English Chapter 3 – Sentences and their Kinds (Grammar)
UP Board Solutions for Class 10 English Chapter 3 – Sentences and their Kinds (Grammar)
Important Points and Rules
Sentence is a group of words which is meaningful and makes a complete sense in itself.
All sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a question mark (?), an exclamation mark (!) or a full stop (.).
e.g. (i) Rohit is my friend.
(ii) They are dancing.
(iii) The teacher teaches us English.
(iv) Shyam is not going to school.
(v) She is singing a song.
नोट उपरोक्त शब्दों के समूह से पूर्ण एवं स्पष्ट भाव प्रकट हो रहा है, अतः ये सभी वाक्य हैं। प्रत्येक वाक्य के प्रथम शब्द का प्रथम अक्षर सदैव Capital letter से लिखा जाता है।
Parts of the Sentence वाक्य के भाग
जब हम किसी वाक्य को बनाते हैं तो हम किसी वस्तु या व्यक्ति के बारे में कुछ कहते हैं। इस प्रकार, वाक्य के दो भाग होते हैं; एक, जिसके बारे में कुछ कहा जाता है तथा दूसरा, जो कुछ कहा जाता है। अतः वाक्य के दो भाग निम्नलिखित हैं :
1. Subject कर्त्ता या उद्देश्य
Subject is a part of the sentence that contains the person or thing performing the action in a sentence. It can be noun or a pronoun.
e.g. (i) Ram sings a song.
(ii) Radha speaks English.
नोट उपरोक्त वाक्यों में Ram और Radha के बारे में कुछ कहा जा रहा है। अतः यहाँ Ram और Radha subject हैं।
2. Predicate विधेय
Predicate is a part of the sentence that tells us something about the subject.
e.g. (i) Ram sings a song.
(ii) Radha speaks English.
नोट उपरोक्त वाक्यों में ‘sings a song’ और ‘speaks English’ Ram और Radha के बारे में कुछ बता रहे हैं। अतः यहाँ ‘sings a song’ और ‘speaks English’, predicate हैं।
अतः यह भी कहा जा सकता है कि किसी वाक्य subject को छोड़कर शेष भाग predicate होता है।
Kinds of Sentences वाक्यों के प्रकार
Sentences मुख्यतः निम्न प्रकार के होते हैं
- Assertive sentence (साधारण वाक्य)
- Interrogative sentence (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)
- Imperative sentence (आदेशात्मक वाक्य)
- Exclamatory sentence (विस्मयबोधक वाक्य)
Assertive Sentence साधारण वाक्य
Sentences that are used to state a general statement like a fact or an opinion are called Assertive or Declarative Sentences. These sentences always end with a full stop (.).
e.g. (i) I always wake up early.
(ii) My sister is good at playing basketball.
Interrogative Sentence प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य
Sentences that are used to ask questions are called Interrogative Sentences. These sentences always end with a question mark (?).
e.g. (i) Are you going back home?
(ii) Why haven’t the students studied yet?
Imperative Sentence आदेशात्मक वाक्य
Sentences that are used to give a command, advice, suggestion, request or warning are called Imperative Sentences. They generally end with a full stop (.).
e.g. (i) Work hard otherwise you will fail.
(ii) Obey traffic rules.
Exclamatory Sentence विस्मयबोधक वाक्य
Sentences that are used to express a strong emotion or feeling are called Exclamatory Sentences. These sentences always end with an exclamation mark (!).
e.g. (i) What an amazing player Sachin is!
(ii) How ugly she is!
Practice QUESTIONS
I. Identify the type of sentence and choose the correct option.
1. Take plenty of pictures.
(a) Declarative
(b) Interrogative
(c) Exclamatory
(d) Imperative
2. Will Jaspreet pause to place pickles on Rohan’s plate?
(a) Declarative
(b) Imperative
(c) Interrogative
(d) Negative
3. India just won twenty-five dollars!
(a) Imperative
(b) Exclamatory
(c) Declarative
(d) Interrogative
4. People sometimes call me a drama queen.
(a) Imperative
(b) Declarative
(c) Interrogative
(d) Exclamatory
5. Watch your step when you get-off the train.
(a) Interrogative
(b) Imperative
(c) Declarative
(d) Exclamatory
6. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
(a) Assertive sentence
(b) Interrogative sentence
(c) Exclamatory sentence
(d) Imperative sentence
7. Are you going to your parents’ house?
(a) Interrogative sentence
(b) Assertive sentence
(c) Exclamatory sentence
(d) Imperative sentence
8. Do not play on the road.
(a) Assertive sentence
(b) Imperative sentence
(c) Interrogative sentence
(d) Exclamatory sentence
II. Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete the following sentences.
1. …….. he completed the task assigned to him?
(a) Was
(b) Has
(c) Have
(d) Is
2. …….. is going to call for help?
(a) What
(b) Whom
(c) Who
(d) Which
3. …….. We won the match by 5 wickets.
(a) Hurrah!
(b) Wohoo!
(c) Yay!
(d) All of these
4. ……… We missed the grand celebration.
(a) Alas!
(b) Ouch!
(c) Oh no!
(d) Ahh!
5. Your brother is going to come home tomorrow, …….. ?
(a) is he
(b) was he
(c) has he
(d) isn’t he
Answers
I. 1. (d) Imperative
2. (c) Interrogative
3. (b) Exclamatory
4. (b) Declarative
5. (b) Imperative
6. (a) Assertive sentence
7. (a) Interrogative sentence
8. (b) Imperative sentence
II. 1. (b) Has
2. (c) Who
3. (d) All of these
4. (a) Alas!
5. (d) isn’t he