UP Board Class 10 English Chapter 5 – Tenses (Grammar)
UP Board Class 10 English Chapter 5 – Tenses (Grammar)
UP Board Solutions for Class 10 English Chapter 5 – Tenses (Grammar)
Important Points and Rules
Tenses are verb forms that are used to express action and the time of that action.
Tenses निम्नलिखित तीन प्रकार के होते हैं :
1. Present tense (वर्तमान काल)
2. Past tense (भूतकाल)
3. Future tense (भविष्य काल)
1. Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)
The present tense is the form of a verb that is used to show the action that takes place in the present time.
e.g. (i) He plays football.
वह फुटबॉल खेलता है।
(ii) She is singing a song.
वह एक गीत गा रही है।
Present tense के निम्नलिखित चार रूप होते हैं :
(a) Indefinite (Simple)
(b) Continuous
(c) Perfect
(d) Perfect Continuous
(a) Present Indefinite (Simple Present) Tense (ता है, ती है, ते है)
The simple present tense is used to state an action that is happening in the present time. It is also used for an action that happens regularly or for stating a universal fact.
e.g. (i) My mother goes to temple.
मेरी माँ मन्दिर जाती हैं।
(ii) Komal cooks food.
कोमल खाना बनाती है।
(b) Present Continuous Tense ( रहा है, रही है, रहे हैं)
The present continuous tense is used for actions which are taking place at the time of speaking.
e.g. (i) She is crying.
वह रो रही है।
(ii) I am doing my work.
मैं अपना काम कर रहा हूँ।
(c) Present Perfect Tense (चुका है, चुकी है, चुके हैं)
The present perfect tense tells us about an action that has been completed in the present and whose effects are still there.
e.g. (i) My sister has washed the clothes.
मेरी बहन कपड़े धो चुकी है।
(ii) Kavita has gone to school.
कविता स्कूल जा चुकी है।
(d) Present Perfect Continuous Tense (रहा है, रही है, रहे हैं तथा समय भी दिया हो )
The present perfect continuous form of a verb tells that an action started in the past and is still continuing in the present.
e.g. (i) He has been teaching English for five years.
वह पाँच साल से अंग्रेजी पढ़ा रहा है।
(ii) They have been sleeping for three hours.
वे तीन घण्टे से सो रहे हैं।
2. Past Tense भूतकाल
The past tense form of a verb shows that the action has already taken place in the past.
e.g. (i) My sister cooked food.
मेरी बहन ने खाना बनाया / बनाया था।
(ii) She was playing guitar.
वह गिटार बजा रही थी।
Past tense के भी निम्नलिखित चार रूप होते हैं :
(a) Indefinite (Simple)
(b) Continuous
(c) Perfect
(d) Perfect Continuous
(a) Past Indefinite (Simple Past) Tense ( गया, गई, गए )
The simple past tense shows action that are completed at a specified time in the past.
e.g. (i) Nitin purchased a car.
नितिन ने एक कार खरीदी।
(ii) Tushar wrote a novel.
तुषार ने एक उपन्यास लिखा ।
(b) Past Continuous Tense ( रहा था, रही थी, रहे थे )
The past continuous form of a verb tells us that an action was in progress at some point of time in the past.
e.g. (i) They were eating apples.
वे सेब खा रहे थे।
(ii) She, was sleeping in the class.
वह कक्षा में सो रही थी।
(c) Past Perfect Tense (चुका था, चुकी थी, चुके थे)
The past perfect tense form of a verb tells us that one action was completed before another action began in the past.
e.g. (i) The children had gone to school.
बच्चे स्कूल जा चुके थे।
(ii) Roshan had reached the station.
रोशन स्टेशन पहुँच चुका था।
(d) Past Perfect Continuous Tense (रहा था, रही थी, रहे थे तथा समय भी दिया हो)
The past perfect continuous tense denotes an action that had continued for some time in the past before being completed at some other point in the past itself.
e.g. (i) She had been teaching in a school since last year.
वह पिछले साल से एक स्कूल में पढ़ा रही थी।
(ii) They had been waiting for two hours.
वे दो घण्टे से प्रतीक्षा कर रहे थे।
3. Future Tense भविष्य काल
A future tense form of a verb shows that an action will happen in the future or a later point of time or in the future.
e.g. (i) Renu will go to temple.
रेनू मन्दिर जाएगी।
(ii) He will be taking bath in the pond.
वह तालाब में नहा रहा होगा।
Future tense के भी निम्नलिखित चार रूप होते हैं :
(a) Indefinite (Simple)
(b) Continuous
(c) Perfect
(d) Perfect Continuous
(a) Future Indefinite (Simple Future) Tense ( गा, गी, गे)
The simple future tense tells us that an action will take place in the future.
e.g. (i) We shall go to watch the film tomorrow.
हम कल फिल्म देखने जाएँगे।
(ii) The teacher will teach the second chapter today.
अध्यापिका आज दूसरा अध्याय पढ़ाएगी।
(b) Future Continuous Tense ( रहा होगा, रही होगी, रहे होंगे)
The future continuous tense form of a verb tells us that an action will start in the future and continue for some time in the future.
e.g. (i) My mother will be missing me.
मेरी माताजी मुझे याद कर रही होंगी।
(ii) Father will be coming from office.
पिताजी दफ्तर से आ रहे होंगे।
(c) Future Perfect Tense (चुका होगा, चुकी होगी, चुके होंगे)
The future perfect tense form of a verb denotes an action that will be completed at some point of time in future.
e.g. (i) She will have finished her work.
वह अपना काम खत्म कर चुकी होगी।
(ii) Rohan will have reached home.
रोहन घर पहुँच चुका होगा ।
(d) Future Perfect Continuous Tense (रहा होगा, रही होगी, रहे होंगे तथा समय भी दिया हो)
The future perfect continuous tense denotes an action that will continue till a specific point of time in the future.
e.g. (i) We shall have been playing in this field for three hours.
हम तीन घण्टे से इस मैदान में खेल रहे होंगे।
(ii) They will have been writing the novel since last year.
वे पिछले साल से उपन्यास लिख रहे होंगे।
PracticeQUESTIONS
I. Fill in the given blanks with the suitable option.
1. Listen! The coach ……. the strengths of our opponents because our team …….. against them before.
(a) has explained/weren’t playing
(b) explains/won’t play
(c) is explaining/haven’t played
(d) was explaining/don’t play
2. When Tom entered the room, his mum ……… him because he …….. hair and a beard.
(a) wasn’t recognising, was growing
(b) hadn’t recognised, grew
(c) didn’t recognise, had grown
(d) didn’t recognise, grew
3. She invited me to dinner. But it …….. two years since I ……… to her house.
(a) is, have-been
(b) has been, had gone
(c) was, had gone
(d) had been, went
4. The swimmer ……… to be in difficulty, but he ……. to reach the shore in the end.
(a) seems, manages
(b) seemed, has managed
(c) has seemed, managed
(d) seemed, managed
5. Last Saturday, my father ……… that his dinner suit was too small, so now he …….. a strict diet.
(a) has discovered, followed
(b) discovers, was following
(c) discovered, is following
(d) was discovering, has followed
6. The train will have left the station before he ……..
(a) reached
(b) reach
(c) had reached
(d) reaches
7. As soon as I reached the school, the bell …….
(a) ring
(b) rang
(c) has rung
(d) will ring
8. She …….. to the market with her cousins.
(a) had gone
(b) went
(c) will go
(d) All are correct
9. His friend ……. before he reached there
(a) goes
(b) went
(c) had gone
(d) will be going
10. Children ……… to attend the programme.
(a) had gone
(b) will go
(c) went
(d) All (a), (b) and (c) are correct
11. As soon as he called my name, I ……..
(a) reached
(b) would reach
(c) will reach
(d) has reached
12. Students had left the classroom before the teacher ……… .
(a) will enter
(b) has entered
(c) entered
(d) enters
13. Priya had finished her lunch before the bell.
(a) rings
(b) had rung
(c) was ringing
(d) rang
14. The train …….. before I reached the station.
(a) starts
(b) started
(c) had started
(d) will start
15. The bell …….. before they reached.
(a) rings
(b) had rung
(c) rang
(d) will ring
II. Change the sentence as directed in the bracket.
1. ‘Sita has gone to school.’
(Change into future perfect tense)
(a) Sita will go to school
(b) Sita had gone to school
(c) Sita will be going to school
(d) Sita will have gone to school
2. ‘The boys are playing cricket.’
(Change into past perfect tense)
(a) The boys have been playing cricket
(b) The boys play cricket
(c) The boys have played cricket
(d) The boys had played cricket
3. ‘Rekha is singing a song for two hours.’
(Change into future perfect continuous tense)
(a) Rekha was singing a song for two hours.
(b) Rekha will have been singing a song for two hours.
(c) Rekha would have singing a song for two hours.
(d) Rekha will be singing a song for two hours.
4. ‘Mamta was eating her chocolate.’
(Change into future perfect tense)
(a) Mamta will have eaten her chocolate.
(b) Mamta had been eaten her chocolate.
(c) Mamta will eat her chocolate.
(d) Mamta had eaten her chocolate.
5. ‘Kiran has learned her lesson.”
(Change into future continuous tense)
(a) Kiran will have learned her lesson.
(b) Kiran is learning her lesson.
(c) Kiran was learning her lesson.
(d) Kiran will be learning her lesson.
6. It is raining heavily.
(Change to present perfect continuous tense)
(a) It was raining heavily.
(b) It rained heavily.
(c) It has been raining heavily.
(d) It will rain heavily.
7. He is helpful to me.
(Change to future indefinite tense)
(a) He was helpful to me.
(b) He helps me.
(c) He will be helpful to me.
(d) He has been helpful to me.
8. He writes a letter to his father.
(Change into future continuous tense)
(a) He wrote a letter to his father.
(b) He will write a letter to his father.
(c) He will be writing a letter to his father.
(d) He has been writing a letter to his father.
9. He went to the market to buy some books.
(Change into present perfect tense)
(a) He has been going to the market to buy some books.
(b) He was going to the market to buy some books.
(c) He goes to the market to buy some books.
(d) He has gone to the market to buy some books.
Answers
I. 1. (c) is explaining / haven’t played
2. (c) didn’t recognise, had grown
3. (b) has been, had gone
4. (b) seemed, managed
5. (c) discovered, is following
6. (d) reaches
7. (b) rang
8. (d) All are correct
9. (c) had gone
10. (d) All (a), (b) and (c) are correct.
11. (a) reached
12. (c) entered
13. (d) rang
14. (c) had started
15. (b) had rung
II. 1. (d) Sita will have gone to school.
2. (d) The boys had played cricket.
3. (b) Rekha will have been singing a song for two hours.
4. (a) Mamta will have eaten her chocolate.
5. (d) Kiran will be learning her lesson.
6. (c) It has been raining heavily.
7. (c) He will be helpful to me.
8. (c) He will be writing a letter to his father.
9. (d) He has gone to the market to buy some books.