Gujarat Board Solutions Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 7 सुभाषितकुसुमानि
Gujarat Board Solutions Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 7 सुभाषितकुसुमानि
Gujarat Board Textbook Solutions Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 7 सुभाषितकुसुमानि
सुभाषितकुसुमानि Introduction
Jesus said, “Man does not live by bread alone.” He implied that food, water, air, etc. are necessary for man like any living being but he needs something more than the basic necessities. Good thoughts are as necessary for man as food. Subhashitas are good thoughts with the charm of poetry added to them. Since these thoughts are expressed or condensed in two or four lines of poetry, they can be easily committed to memory.
In the seven Subhashitas of this lesson are: (1) Value of the speech of good people, (2) Usefulness of trees, (3) gain of good qualities with effort, (4) harm caused because of the company of fickle mined person, (5) means of the testing a person, (6) virtues fit to be imitated of the great men, (7) description of the nature of courageous men.
सुभाषितकुसुमानि Summary Of The Chapter
As to something said by good people casually. It is like a letter inscribed on the rock. On the other hand something said by sines taking oath is like a letter written line a surface of the water. And a tree gives shelter and gives fruits also so it is a good sing of friendship and by virtue man becomes powerful and without virtue it is pushed down in a moment. If a person who is displeased and pleased in every moment that man may be terrible for all. It is said here that gold can be tasted also. In a different situation, different devices should be used. Three types of person are there in the world that is described in the chapter.
सुभाषितकुसुमानि Prose-Order, Translation And Glossary
1. सद्भिस्तु लीलया प्रोक्तं शिलालिखितमक्षरम्।
असद्धिः शपथेनापि जले लिखितमक्षरम्॥1॥
Prose-order:
सद्भिः तु लालया प्रोक्तम् शिलालिखितम् अक्षरम् (भवति)। असद्भिः शपथेन अपि (प्रोक्तम्) जले लिखितम् अक्षरम् (अस्ति)। (अनुष्टुभ्)
Translation:
As to something said by good people (even) casually, it is like a letter inscribed on the rock. On the other hand, something said by wicked people even under oath (or after taking oath) is like a letter written on the surface of the water.
Explanation:
Good people are true to their word. They say what they mean. So they don’t have to eat their words or go back on their words. There words are permanent like inscription on a rock. Wicked people are likely to twist or change their own words in order to suit their convenience or selfish motive. Their words are like words written on the water temporary, momentary.
Glossary:
सान्दी – by good people, सत् – (Adjective ending in त्) masculine instrumental plural; Subject of the past passive participle,प्रोक्तम् तु – as regards as to; this indeclinable has many meaning like but, and now. It is also used as an emphatic particle or a mere expletive, लिलिया – लीला (Feminine noun ending in आ) instrumental singular; casually lightly or play fully, प्रोक्तम् – said, spoken; प्र + क्षू (2U) or प्र + वच् (2P) past passive participle, कर्मणि भूतकृदन्त, neuter nominative, accusative singular, शिलालिखितम् – शिलायाम् लिखितम् – सप्तमी तत्पुरुष समास; – written or engraved on a rock; adjective of the neuter noun, अक्षरम् असद्भिः – न सन्तः असन्तः, तैः – नञ् तत्पुरुष समास; by wicked people, शपथेनोक्तम् – शपथेन + उक्तम् – said solemnly or by oath (शपथ)।
अव्ययानां – वाक्येषु प्रयोगः
अव्ययाः – वाक्य प्रयोगः
अपि – अहमपि कार्यं करोमि।
तु – समयः तु शाश्वतः अस्ति।
विशेषण विशेष्य चयनम् –
विशेष्य – विशेषणम्
शिलालिखितम् – असरम्
लीलया – प्रोक्तम्
2. सेवितव्यो महावृक्षः फलच्छाया-समन्वितः।
यदि दैवात्फलं नास्तिच्छाया केन निवार्यते॥2॥
Prose-order:
फलच्छाया-समन्वितः महावृक्षः सेवितव्यः यदि दैवात् फलम् न अस्ति छाया केन निवार्यते? (अनुष्टुभ्)
Translation:
A big tree having fruit and shade is worthy to be resorted to. Even if by chance there is no fruit, who can prevent (one fro enjoying its) shade?
Explanation:
When one takes shelter and a big tree, one is at least sure of being able to enjoy its cool shade. If it is the season for fruit it will be an additional benefit. It is good to cultivate friendship with great, successful person.
Glossary:
फलच्छाया – समन्वितः – फलम् च छाया च फलच्छाये – इतरेतर द्वंद्व समास, फलच्छायाभ्याम् समन्वितः – तृतीय तत्पुरुष समास, having fruits and shade; adjective or the noun महावृक्षः, महावृक्षः – महान वृक्षः or महान च असवृक्षः च – कर्मधारय समास, a big tree, सेवितव्यः – should be served, सेव् (1A) potential passive participle, कर्मणि विध्यर्थक कृदन्त, masculine nominative singular, नरेण महावृक्षः सेवितव्यः – passive voice; नरः महावृक्षः सेवेत – active voice, दैवात – by change, hereby (our) bad luck, छाया – shade, के निवार्यते – by whom is (shade) prevented, by whom is it taken away, केन छाया निवार्यते – passive voice, के छायाम् निवारयति – active voice.
अव्ययानां वाक्येषु प्रयोगः
अव्ययाः – वाक्य प्रयोगः
यदि – यदि त्वम् अकीयं करोषि, तव निन्दा भविष्यति।
न – सत्यं त्यजेत्।
विशेषण विशेष्य चयनम् –
विशेष्य – विशेषणम्
वृक्षः – फलच्छाया
3. आरोप्यते शिला शैले यत्नेन महता यथा।
निपात्यते क्षणेनाधः तथात्मा गुणदोषयोः॥३॥
Prose-order:
यथा महता यत्नेन शिला शैले आशेप्यते क्षणेन अधः निपात्यते/तथा गुणदोषयोः आत्मा (उपरि आरोप्यते अधः निपात्यते च)।
Translation:
A boulder is placed on the mountain with mighty effort (but) it is pushed down in a moment. Likewise in case of (man’s) soul (going up and down) due to virtue or vice.
Explanation:
Cultivating virtues and building up good characters require great effort and long time. The downfall takes place in a moment and practically requires no effort. One should be cautious for ever.
Glossary:
महता यत्नेन – with great effort, महत् – (adjective ending in त्) masculine instrumental singular, शैले – पर्वते – on the mountain, आरोप्यते – in placed, is lifted up, आ + रुह (1P) casual passive present tense, प्रेरक कर्मणि लट् लकार, third person singular, क्षर्णन – in a moment, अधः – down; this is an indeclinable, निपात्यते – pushed down, made to fall down; नि + पत् (1P) casual passive present tense, प्रेरक कर्मणि, लट् लकार – third person singular, तथा – similarly, गुणदोषयोः – गुणः च दोषः च तयोः – इतरेतर द्वंद्व समास, in case of virtues and defect/vices.
अव्ययानां वाक्येषु प्रयोगः
अव्ययाः – वाक्य प्रयोगः
यथा – यथा उक्तं तथा कुरु।
अधः – वृक्षस्य अधः बालकः सन्ति।
उपरि – वृक्षे उपरि वानरः अस्ति।
विशेषण विशेष्य चयनम् –
विशेष्य – विशेषणम्
शिला – महता.
आत्मा – गुणदोषयोः
4. क्षणे रुष्टः क्षणे तुष्टः रुष्टः तुष्टः क्षणे क्षणे।
अन्यवस्थितचित्तस्य प्रसादोऽपि भयङ्करः॥4॥
Prose-order:
क्षणे रुष्टः क्षणे तुष्टः, रुष्ट तुष्टः क्षणे क्षणे। अव्यवस्थितचित्तस्य प्रसादः अपि भयङ्करः (भवति)।
Translation:
He is displeased in this moment. रुष्टः -angry, तुष्टः -pleased; कष्टः and तुष्टः are past active participles of रुष (4P) and तुष् (4P).
Glossary:
रुष्टः -angry, तुष्टः -pleased; रुष्टः and तुष्टः are past active participles of रुष् (4P) and तुष् (4P), अव्यवस्थितचित्तस्य न व्यवस्थितम् अव्यवस्थितम् – नञ् तत्पुरुष समास, अव्यवस्थितम् चित्तम् यस्य सः, तस्य – बहुव्रीहि समास — whose mind is deranged or whimsical, प्रसादः – favour pleasure, भयङ्करः – भयम करोति इति – उपपद तत्पुरुष समास – terrible causing fear.
अव्ययानां वाक्येषु प्रयोगः
अव्ययाः – वाक्य प्रयोगः
अपि – अद्य अहमपि विद्यालयं गतिष्यामि।
विशेष्य विशेषण चयनम् –
विशेष्य – विशेषणम्
चित्तस्य – अव्यवस्थितः
5. यथा चतुर्भिः कनकं परीक्ष्यते
निघर्षण-च्छेदन-ताप-ताडनैः।
तथा चतुर्भिः पुरुषः परीक्ष्यते
श्रुतेन शीलेन गुणने कर्मणा॥5॥
Prose-order:
यथा निघर्षणच्छेदनतापताडनैः चतुर्भिः कनकम् परीक्ष्यते तथा श्रुतेन शीलेन गुणेन. कर्मणा चतुर्भिः पुरुषः परिक्ष्यतो। (वंशस्थपिलम्)
Translation:
As gold is tested in four ways, i.e., by rubbing, cutting, heating and striking. Man is also tested in four ways, i.e., by education, character, virtues and work are the four tests that determine the worth of a person.
Explanation:
All that glitters is not gold so the tests are devised to separate real, genuine gold from the fake imitation. Similarly education, character, virtues and work are the four tests that determine the worth of a person.
Glossary:
यथा …. तथा – just as, in the same way; these are indeclinable, निघर्षणच्छेदन – तापताडनैः – निघर्षणम् च छेदनम् च तापः च ताडनम् च, तैः इतरेतर द्वंद्व समास by rubbing, cutting, heating and striking, चतुर्भिः – by four (actions), कनकम् – सुवर्णम् – gold, परीक्ष्यते – is tested; परि + ईक्ष् (1A) passive present tense कर्मणि लट् लकार third person singular; verb of the subject जनैः or अस्माभिः – which is understood, श्रुतेन – by work, पुरुषः – man (in Sanskrit, the word, पुरुष is used in the sense of human being, i.e., man and woman.
अव्ययानां वाक्येषु प्रयोगः
अव्ययाः – वाक्य प्रयोगः
यथा – यथा अहं अकथयम् तथा कुरु।
6. आपत्सु रामः समरेषु भीमः
दानेषु कर्णश्च नयेषु कृष्णः।
भीष्मः प्रतिज्ञापरिपालनेषु
विक्रान्तकार्येषु भवाञ्जनेयः॥6॥
Prose-order:
(त्वम्) आपत्सु रामः, समरेषु भीमः, दानेषु कर्णः, नयेषु कृष्णः प्रतिज्ञापरिपालनेषु भीष्मः, विक्रान्तकार्येषु च आञ्जनेयः भवः। (इन्द्रवज्रा)
Translation:
Be राम in calamities, बीम in battles, कर्ण in acts.of charity, कृष्ण in policies, भीष्म in fulfilling the pledges, हनुमान in acts of valour.
Explanation:
In this verse some elderly person (son or disciple) to be the best in everything. The ideals set before him are well known.
Glossary:
आपत्सु – in the calamities, समरेषु – in the battles, दानेषु – in charity, in the (acts of) charity, नयेषु – in policies, प्रतिज्ञापरिपालनेषु प्रतिज्ञायाः परिपालनानि, तेषु – षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास, in acts of fulfilling the pledges, विक्रान्तकार्येषु – विक्रान्तपूर्णानि कार्याणि तेषु – मध्यमपदलोपी कर्मधारय समास – in acts of valour, आञ्जनेयः – हनुमान – the son of अञ्जना, भव – (त्वम्) भव – be.
अव्ययानां वाक्येषु प्रयोगः
अव्ययाः – वाक्य प्रयोगः
च – रामः श्यामः च विद्यालयं गच्छतः।
प्रारम्भते न खलु विघ्नभयेन नीचैः
प्रारभ्य विघ्नविहताः विरमिन्त मध्याः।
विजैः पुनः पुनरपि प्रतिहन्यमानाः
प्रारभ्य चोत्तमजना न परित्यजन्ति॥7॥
GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit सुभाषितकुसुमानि Additional Important Questions and Answers
1. अधोलिखितानां पद्यांशनाम् आङ्ग्लभाषायाम् अनुवाद कुरुत –
Translate the following verses into English:
Question 1.
सद्भिवस्तु लीलया प्रोक्तं शिलालिखितमक्षरम्।
Answer:
As to something said by good people (even) casually, it is like a letter inscribed on the rock.
Question 2.
अव्यवस्थितचित्तस्य प्रसादोऽपि भयङ्करः।
Answer:
Even a favor from the one whose mind is deranged is terrible.
Question 3.
विक्रान्तकार्येषु आञ्जनेयः भव।
Answer:
Be हनुमान in act of valour.
Question 4.
प्रारम्भ्य विघ्नविहताः विरमन्ति मध्या।
Answer:
The middle ones stop after starting when they are struck down by difficulties.
Question 5.
आरोप्यते शिला शैले यत्नेन महता यथा।
Answer:
As a boulder is placed on the mountain with a mighty effort.
Question 6.
यथा चतुर्भिः कनकं परीक्ष्यते।
Answer:
As gold is tested in four ways.
Question 7.
असद्भिः शपथेनापि जले लिखितमक्षरम्।
Answer:
Something said by wicked people even under oath is like a letter written on the surface of the water.
Question 8.
प्रारभ्य उत्तमजना न परित्यजन्ति।
Answer:
And the best person do not give up once having started.
2. आङ्ग्लभाषायाम् अनुवादं कृत्वा अर्थ विस्तरत् –
Translate into English and expand the meaning:
सद्भिस्तु लीलया प्रोक्त शिलालिखितमक्षरम्।
असद्भिः शपथेनापि जले लिखितमक्षरम्।।
Translation:
As to something said by good people (even casually or in jest) it is like a letter inscribed on the rock. On the other hand, something said by wicked people even under oath (or after taking oath) is like a letter written on the surface of water. Explanation of meaning: He is a man of his word we say this about a good man. Being true one’s own word is important. King fees adhered to his word though he had to stake everything. He had a bad person will easily change his word or break the promise mad. A good man’s word is like an inscription. A bad man’s word is like writing on water.
3. सन्धिविच्छेद कुरुत
Dissolve the sandhis:
1. ‘सद्भिस्तु’ एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) सद्भि + तु
(ख) सद्भि + स्तु
(ग) सद्भि + तु
(घ) सद्भि + तु
उत्तरम्:
(ग) सद्भि + तु
2. ‘शपथेनापि’ एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः? .
(क) शपथे + नापि
(ख) शपथ + नापि
(ग) शपथे + अपि
(घ) शपथेन + अपि
उत्तरम्:
(घ) शपथेन + अपि
3. ‘नास्ति’ एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) ना + स्ति
(ख) न + अस्ति
(ग) ना + अस्ति
(घ) न + स्ति
उत्तरम्:
(ख) न + अस्ति
4. ‘क्षणेनाधः’ एतस्य सन्धिविच्छेदः कः?
(क) क्षणे + नाधः
(ख) क्षणे + न + अधः
(ग) क्षणेन + आधः
(घ) क्षणेन + अध:
उत्तरम्:
(घ) क्षणेन + अध:
4. सन्धि कुरुत
Make sandhis:
1. ‘तथा + आत्मा – एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) तथत्मा
(ख) तथात्मा
(ग) तथाआत्मा
(घ) तथातमा
उत्तरम्:
(ख) तथात्मा
2. ‘प्रसादः + अपि – एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) प्रसादोऽपि
(ख) प्रसादपि
(ग) प्रसादोपि
(घ) प्रसादेपि
उत्तरम्:
(क) प्रसादोऽपि
3. ‘कर्ण + य’ – एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) कर्णीय
(ख) कर्णच
(ग) कर्णश्च
(घ) कर्णेच
उत्तरम्:
(ग) कर्णश्च
4. ‘भव + आञ्जनेयः’ – एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) भवञ्जनेयः
(ख) भवाञ्जनेयः
(ग) भवाञ्जनेयः
(घ) भवञ्जने
उत्तरम्:
(ख) भवाञ्जनेयः
5. ‘पुनः + अपि’ – एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) पुनअपि
(ख) पुनरपि
(ग) पुनापि
(घ) पुनरापि
उत्तरम्:
(ख) पुनरपि
6. ‘च + उत्तमजनाः’ – एतस्य सन्धियुक्तः शब्दः कः?
(क) चात्तमजनाः
(ख) चत्तमजनाः
(ग) चौत्तमजनाः
(घ) चोत्तमजनाः
उत्तरम्:
(घ) चोत्तमजनाः
GSEB Class 10 Sanskrit सुभाषितकुसुमानि Textbook Questions and Answers
1. अधोलिखितेभ्यः विकल्पेभ्यः समुचितम् उत्तरं चिनुत
Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives:
1. सद्भिः लीलया प्रोक्तं कीदृशम्?
(क) अचलम्
(ख) चलम्
(ग) नधरम्
(घ) असत्यम्
उत्तरम्:
(क) अचलम्
2. महता यत्नेन खिला कुत्र आरोप्यते?
(क) भूयै
(ख) नदीतटे
(ग) शैले
(घ) ग्रहे
उत्तरम्:
(ग) शैले
3. अव्यवस्थितचित्तस्य प्रसादः कीदृशः?
(क) भयङ्करः
(ख) दयनीयः
(ग) अनुकरणीयः
(घ) तुष्टिकरः
उत्तरम्:
(क) भयङ्करः
4. पुरुषः केन परीक्ष्यते?
(क) शीलेन
(ख) धनेन
(ग) पदेन
(घ) कनकेन
उत्तरम्:
(क) शीलेन
5. कर्णः भव।
(क) नयेषु
(ख) दानेषु
(ग) समरेषु
(घ) आपत्सु
उत्तरम्:
(ख) दानेषु
6. विक्रान्तकार्येषु …… भव।
(क) भीमः
(ख) भीष्मः
(ग) आञ्जनेयः
(घ) कृष्णः
उत्तरम्:
(ग) आञ्जनेयः
7. कैः कार्यं न प्रारभ्यते?
(क) उत्तमजनैः
(ख) नीचैः
(ग) मध्यमैः
(घ) जनैः
उत्तरम्:
(ख) नीचैः
8: के कार्य प्रारभ्य न परित्यजन्ति?
(क) मध्यमजनाः
(ख) नीचजनाः
(ग) सामान्यजनाः
(घ) उत्तमजनाः
उत्तरम्:
(घ) उत्तमजनाः
2. एकवाक्येन संस्कृतभाषायाम् उत्तरं लिखत
Answer in one Sanskrit sentence:
1. कैः प्रोक्तं जले लिखितमक्षरं भवति?
उत्तरम्:
असद्भिः प्रोक्त जले लिखितमक्षरं भवति।
2. शिला कथं शैले आरोप्यते?
उत्तरम्:
शिला महता यत्नेन शैले आरोप्यते।
3. गुणेन कः परीक्ष्यते?
उत्तरम्:
गुणेन पुरुषः परीक्ष्यते।
4. कार्य प्रारभ्य के परित्यजन्ति?
उत्तरम्:
कार्य प्रारभ्य मध्यमजनाः परित्यजन्ति।
3. उदाहरणानुसारं शब्दरूपाणां परिचयं कारयत –
Write the form of words according to example
4. अधोलिखितानां प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि आङ्ग्लभाषायां लिखत
Answer the following questions in English:
Question 1.
How is gold tested?
Answer:
Gold is tested in four ways. It is tested by rubbing it against the touchstone by cutting, heating and striking. These tests decide whether the metal is real genuine gold or imagination.
Question 2.
Who should be the ideals in difficulty and keeping promises? Why?
Answer:
According to the poet. Lord 274 should be our ideal when we come across difficulties. He spent such a long period in the forest, suffered innumerable trouble and yet he never gave up in fulfilling the pledges, no should be our ideal. He promised that he would never marry in his lifetime and he kept his word.
Question 3.
How is a man, not starting any activity, known as?
Answer:
There are three types of men in the world, the best, the middle and the lowest. According to the poet, a man who does not start any activity being afraid of facing the difficulties belongs to the lowest type.
5. आङ्ग्लभाषायाम् अनुवादं कृत्वा अर्थ विस्तरत
Translate into English and expand the meaning:
1. यथा चतुर्भिः कनकं परीक्ष्यते,
निघर्षणच्छेदनतापाडनैः।
(तथा चतुर्भिः पुरुषः परीक्ष्यते,
श्रुतेन शीलेन गुणेन कर्मणा।)
उत्तरम्:
Translation:
As gold is tested in four ways, i.e., by rubbing, cutting, heating and striking man is tested in four way. i.e., by education, character, virtues and work.
Expansion of meaning:
In the first line the four ways in which gold is tested are given real, genuine gold shines brighter after going through, these tests. Fake gold does not. Similarly man is judged in the society not by his appearance or dress but by his knowledge, character, virtues and work knowledge. Character and virtues are reflected in his word and behavior from these verbs we know the importance of developing good qualities, character, knowledge and doing good work to prove our worth.
Moral: We should try to develop good qualities.
2. सेवितव्यो महावृक्षः फलच्छाया-समन्वितः।
यदि दैवात्फलं नास्ति च्छाया केन निवार्यते।।
उत्तरम्:
Translation:
A big tree having fruit and shade is worthy to be resorted to even if by chance there is no fruit. Who can prevent (one from enjoying its) shade?
Expansion of meaning:
A big tree has many thing to offer-fruit, shade, pleasant sound of rustling leaves. A great man is like a big tree. If you take shelter under a big tree, you are bound to enjoy its cools shade and if you are lucky you may even have a chance to eat its fruits similarly when you are in the company of a great man, you are sure to be benefited in some way or the other. Moral: Being in the company of great persons is always beneficial.
6. श्लोकपूर्ति कुरुत –
Complete the following verses:
आपत्सु रामः ………. भवाञ्जनेयः।।
उत्तरम्:
आपत्सु रामः समरेषु भीमः
दानेषु कर्णश्च नयेषु कृष्णः।
भीष्मः प्रतिज्ञापरिपालनेषु
विक्रान्तकार्येषु भवाञ्जनेयः।।
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