PSEB Class 9th English Grammar Modals

PSEB Class 9th English Grammar Modals

PSEB 9th Class English Grammar Modals

Modals ऐसी सहायक क्रियाओं (Auxiliary Verbs) को कहा जाता है जिनके साथ केवल verb की पहली फार्म (V₁) का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है। इन्हें Modal Auxiliaries भी कहा जाता है।
Auxiliaries या Helping Verbs दो प्रकार के होते हैं

1. Primary Auxiliaries.
Be : am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had.

2. Modal Auxiliaries.
Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must (am to, is to, are to, have to, etc.) ought to, used to, need, dare.

The Use Of Some Modals

Will और Shall का प्रयोग Will और Shall सम्बन्धी प्रयोग के लिए निम्नलिखित नियम. ध्यान में रखिए

In Assertive Sentences

(1) यदि किसी भविष्य की घटना का केवल साधारण रूप में ही वर्णन करना हो, तो-
First Person के लिए shall का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Second और Third Person के लिए will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

1. I shall finish my work quickly.
2. He will finish his work quickly.
3. We shall not be able to come.
4. You will not be able to come.

(2) यदि वाक्य में किसी भविष्य-सम्बन्धी आदेश (command), प्रण (promise), निश्चय (determination), धमकी (threat), आदि का वर्णन हो, तो
First Person के लिए will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Second और Third Person के लिए shall का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

1. I will return your money without fail.
2. We will not withdraw from the contest.
3. You shall be punished for your misconduct.
4. He shall not live in my house any longer.

(3) यदि वक्ता अपने किसी भविष्य-सम्बन्धी उद्देश्य (intention) को प्रकट करना चाहता हो, तो वह अपने
लिए will का प्रयोग करेगा। अर्थात् ऐसे वाक्यों में First Person के साथ will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

1. I will appear in the Senior Secondary Examination next year.
2. I won’t go to Delhi now.
3. We will donate blood in this camp.

In Interrogative Sentences

(1) प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में Will I और Shall you का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।
1. Shall I have his reply soon ?
2. Shall we reach there in time ?
3. Will you be here next Tuesday ?
4. Will you take part in this function ?

(2) Third Person के लिए will अथवा shall किसी का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
Shall he → भविष्य-सम्बन्धी आदेश आदि के लिए।
Will he → भविष्य-सम्बन्धी साधारण क्रिया के लिए।
1. Shall the watchman keep awake all night ?
2. Will he accompany me to Lucknow ?

Would तथा Should का प्रयोग

(1) Would का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है

Will का Past
1. I told him that I would come.
2. The doctor knew that the patient would die.

प्रार्थना वाचक
1. Would you close the window ?
2. Would you tell me the time ?

शर्त वाचक
1. He would pass if he worked hard.
2. He would have passed if he had worked hard.

(2) Should का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है

1. उपदेश वाचक — You should give up smoking.
2. सम्भावना वाचक — They should be here by now.
3. नैतिक फर्ज — You should do your duty.
4. Shall का Past — He told me that I should I would pass.

Can तथा Could का प्रयोग
(1) Can का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है

1. योग्यता सूचक — She can dance very well.
2. इजाजत सूचक — You can go home now.
3. सम्भावना सूचक — It can happen to anyone.
4. Pr. Cont की जगह — I can hear people talking.

(2) Could का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है

शर्त वाचक
1. I could lift this box (if I tried).
2. I could buy a shirt (if I had money).

प्रार्थना वाचक
1. Could (would) you tell me the time ?
2. Could (would) you bring me a glass of water ?

सम्भावना सूचक
1. One of the prisoners escaped yesterday.
Hecould be anywhere now.

Can का Past
1. He said that I could go.
2. He could come to me any time he liked.

May तथा Might का प्रयोग

May का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है
अनुमति । इजाजत सूचक
1. You may go now.
2. May I come in, sir ?

सम्भावना सूचक
1. His statement may (can I could) be true.
2. His plan may (can / could) succeed.

इच्छा । प्रार्थना सूचक
1. May you live long !
2. May our country prosper !

Might का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है
1. May का Past.
1. He said that I might go.
2. I thought that he might help her.

2. भावी सम्भावना
1. He might (may) pass this year.
2. He might (may) reach here by evening.

3. इजाज़त होना
1. Might I have your pen ?
2. You might do me a favour.
(May की अपेक्षा might में अधिक झिझक और विनम्रता का संकेत होता है।)

Must का प्रयोग

Must का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है-

उपदेश सूचक
1. You must consult some good doctor.
2. You must work hard this year.

आवश्यकता सूचक
1. You must be back by evening.
2. The students must bring their books daily.

सम्भावना सूचक
1. The child must be hungry.
2. He must have made some big mistake.

बन्धन । मजबूरी सूचक
1. You must do as you are told.
2. He must clear his accounts before leaving.

नोट
(1) Must का प्रयोग Affirmative और Interrogative वाक्यों में किया जा सकता है, किन्तु Negative वाक्यों में must के विपरीतार्थक (opposite) के रूप में need not का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।

1. Must she come tomorrow ?
2. Yes, she must.
3. No, she needn’t.

(2) Must की जगह bas / have to का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।

1. He must go now.
He has to go now.

2. You must obey your officer.
You have to obey your officer.

(3) Must not की जगह is not to का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
1. He must not go there.
2. He is not to go there.

(4) Tense के अनुसार must और need के प्रयोग में होने वाले परिवर्तनों के लिए निम्नलिखित तालिका याद रखिए

Ought to तथा Used to का प्रयोग

(1) Ought के साथ सदा to का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
(Ought to = Should)
Ought to का प्रयोग (should की भान्ति) निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है-

नैतिक फर्ज़
1. You ought to respect your elders.
2. You ought to have helped the poor.

इच्छा-योग्य सम्भावना
1. Mohan ought to win the race this time.
2. You have worked hard. You ought to get good marks.

इच्छा-योग्य ज़रूरत
1. He ought to build a new house now.
2. There ought to be some more buses.

(इस तालिका में दिए गए सभी वाक्यों में ought to के स्थान पर should का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।)

(2) Ought की भान्ति used भी एक ऐसा modal है जिसके साथ to का प्रयोग करना ज़रूरी होता है।
1. He used to live here.
2. He never used to live here.
3. Used he to live here?

Used to का प्रयोग भूतकाल के सम्बन्ध में किसी आदत अथवा प्रायः होने वाली क्रिया को प्रकट करने के लिए किया जाता है।

Need का प्रयोग

(1) Auxiliary के रूप में Need का प्रयोग केवल Negative और Interrogative वाक्यों में किया जाना चाहिए।
इसका प्रयोग किस सन्देह (doubt) अथवा मनाही (prohibition) को जोरदार ढंग से व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।

1. Need you go yet? No, you needn’t.
2. Need she come tomorrow ? No, she needn’t.

(2) Auxiliary के रूप में Need का Third Person Singular सदा need ही होता है, न कि needs :
1. Need Mohan go there now ?
2. He need not worry any more.

(3) प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में need का प्रयोग तभी किया जाता है जब negative उत्तर वांछित हो।
Need you go there?
No, I needn’t.

(4) Interrogative और Negative वाक्यों में need के साथ to का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।
Need he do any work?
No, he needn’t do any work.

(5) किन्तु निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में need के साथ to का प्रयोग किया गया है

1. He needs to go now. (Affirmative)
2. He does not need to go now. (Negative)
3. Does he need to go now? (Interrogative)
यदि ध्यान से देखा जाए तो पता चलेगा कि इन सभी वाक्यों में need को मुख्य क्रिया (Principal Verb) के रूप में प्रयोग किया गया है, न कि Auxiliary के रूप में।

(6) Need not की जगह haven’t got to, don’t have to, don’t need to का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।

He need not go.
He has not got to go.
He does not have to go.
He does not need to go.

Dare का प्रयोग

(1) Auxiliary के रूप में dare का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है

• Negative वाक्यों में।
• Interrogative वाक्यों में।
• सन्देह (doubt) व्यक्त करने वाले वाक्यों में।
• ऐसे वाक्यों में जिनमें hardly, never, no one, nobody का प्रयोग किया गया हो।

(2) जब dare का प्रयोग auxiliary के रूप में किया गया हो, तो इसके साथ to का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता
(3) Dare का Third Person Singular सदा dare ही होता है, न कि dares.

Examples :
1. He dare not fight with me. (Negative)
2. Nobody dared ask him about his intentions. (Negative)
3. Dare he come to my house ? (Interrogative)
4. How dare he say such things about me ? (Interrogative)
5. I wonder whether he dare try. (Doubt)
6. He will hardly dare go there again. (Doubt)
क्या अब आप बता सकते हैं कि Need और dare के प्रयोग के सम्बन्ध में कौन-कौन सी बातें एक जैसी हैं ?

Fill in the blanks with will / shall I need / must / used to :

1. My grandfather …………….. go for a morning walk every day in his youth.
2. You ……………… keep your promises.
3. She ……………… not go to the market. I have already brought the vegetables.
4. I ……………… lend you my pen if you give me your notebook.
5. You ………………. get a prize if you finish your homework.
Answer:
1. used to
2. must
3. need
4. shall
5. will.

Study the solved examples given below and use ‘can’ I cannot in the sentences you frame :

(a) List 5 things you can do. — (b) List 5 things you cannot do.

Example : 1. I can drive a car.

1. I cannot fly a plane.
Hints : There can be many different answers; as–
(a) 2. I can dance. — (b) 2. I cannot sing.
3. I can play football. — 3. I cannot play cricket.
4. I can speak English. — 4. I cannot speak French.
5. I can prepare tea. — 5. I cannot bake a cake.
6. I can walk fast. — 6. I cannot run fast.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate Modals :

1. ……………. you do me a favour ? (Will / May)
2. We …………… buy any sugar. There’s enough in the house. (need not / must)
3. The rich …………… help the poor. (should I must).
4. The breeze is cold and fresh, it …………… rain soon. (may / might)
5. She ……………. speak English when she was hardly four. (could / can)
6. He …………… have stolen your pen. (may / can)
7. I am afraid the news ………….. be true. (may / might)
8. She ……………. not disobey her husband. (can / should)
9. How …………….. you ride a bicycle without brakes ? (can / will)
10. ……………… I have a holiday ? (can I need)
Answer:
1. Will
2. need not
3. should
4. might
5. could
6. may
7. may
8. should
9. can
10. Can.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate Modals :

1. …………… I open the windows ?
2. …………… we play in the garden ?
3. They …………….. to work hard for a living.
4. You ………….. take exercise daily.
5. ……………. God bless you !
6. ……………. be mad to do this. (must / should)
7. ……………. to help the poor people.
8. We ……………. not spit on the floor.
9. We …………….. not waste time in idle gossips.
10. ……………… you please stop talking ?
Answer:
1. Shall
2. May
3. have
4. should
5. May
6. must
7. ought
8. should
9. should
10. Will.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate Modals :

1. You …. take exercise daily. (should / must)
2. You ……………. keep your promise. (must / may)
3. We …………… not to walk on the grass. (ought / should)
4. Take heed lest you ……………… fall. (must / should)
5. Do you think she ………….. apologize ? (will / can)
6. I …………… like to see that book. (would / will)
7. We ……………. love our neighbour. (should / can)
8. You …………….. come to school in time. (should / may)
9. You ……………… see a doctor at once. (must / will)
10. I ……………. come if it rains. (can’t / won’t)
Answer:
1. should
2. must
3. ought
4. should
5. will
6. would
7. should
8. should
9. must
10. won’t.

Choose the correct Modals from the brackets and fill in the blanks :

1. ………….. you get a hundred rupees ? (will / shall)
2. The police ……………… find out the culprit. (will / shall)
3. A judge ………………… be upright. (must / ought)
4. Students ……………… to maintain discipline. (must / ought)
5. India ………….. not win this match. (can / may)
6. The girl or ……………… not dance. (can / may)
Answer:
1. Will
2. will
3. must
4. ought
5. can
6. may

Fill in the blanks with appropriate Modals :

1. …………….. you please stop talking ?
2. You …………… go home whenever you like.
3. It ……………. rain, it is so sultry.
4. One ……………. always be kind to others.
5. If you have a ticket, you ……………… go inside.
6. Your father is sleeping, you ………….. not speak loudly.
7. I ……………. visit my sister tomorrow.
Answer:
1. Will
2. may
3. might
4. should
5. may
6. should
7. shall.

Complete the following conversation by supplying suitable Modals in the blanks :

Gita : ……………. (1) you help me with some money ?
Sita : How much do you need ?
Gita : I ……………. (2) do with just two hundred rupees.
Sita : ……………… (3) it be fine if I give you a cheque ?
Gita ………… (4) I get it encashed today?
Sita : Why not? But you …………… (5) go to the bank soon as it is already 12-30.
The bank ……………. (6) close at 1 p.m. today.
Gita : Please write the cheque at once. I …………… (7) rush to the bank just now.
Answer:
1. Will
2. can
3. Will
4. Can
5. should
6. will
7. will.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate Modals :

1. He said that it …………….. be true.(may / might)
2. ……………. enter the college next year. (would / must)
3. Sita …………… win the first prize in English.
4. …………… you live long to enjoy it !
5. I …………… speak English.
6. Even as a child, she ……………. sing well.
7. …………….. you come to the meeting tomorrow ?
8. We ………….. not tell lies.
Answer:
1. might
2. would
3. may I can I will
4. May
5. can
6. could
7. Will
8. should.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate Modals :

1. You ……………. clean your teeth every morning.
2. …………….. you finish this work in two hours ?
3. It ……………. rain today. (very little possibility)
4. This box is very heavy, I …………….. not lift it.
5. ………….. his soul rest in peace !
6. You …………….. take a taxi or you will miss the train.
7. The doctor says that I ……………. eat anything I like.
8. ……………… you like to read this book ?
9. Walk carefully lest you …………….. sprain your foot.
10. ……………. you lift this elephant ?
Answer:
1. should
2. Can
3. might
4. can
5. May
6. should
7. can
8. Would
9. should
10. Can.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate Modals :

1. We …………….. hurry. We are very late. (must, should)
2. I am afraid I …………….. tell you because it is a secret. (may, should not)
3. Children ……………. to obey their parents. (can, could, may, might, ought)
4. …………….. I borrow your pen for a minute ? (must, may, will, should)
5. We …………….. to live like brothers. (could, should, ought, might)
6. …………….. you die by inches !
7. I ……………. speak English when I was only five.
8. He worked hard so that he ……………… stand first.
9. You ……………… come to school in time.
10. You ……………. laugh at her mistakes.
Answer:
1. can
2. may
3. May
4. may
5. May
6. May
7. could
8. could
9. should
10. should not

Fill in the blanks with appropriate Modals :

1. ….. rather die than beg. (will / would)
2. Now let me see, …………….. you read this name? (can / will)
3. You …………….. see it happen gradually! (will / would)
4. He …………… not be pacified in any way. (could / should)
5. ……………. hear the music. (can / might)
6. Hamlet promised that he ……………. do that. (will / would)
7. He finds reasons why he ………….. not do so yet. (should I could)
8. You ……………… not go on wasting your time. (may / should)
9. You ……………… never make that mistake again. (may / should)
10. He says that he ……………… never pay the money. (shall / will)
Answer:
1. would
2. can
3. will
4. could
5. can
6. would
7. could
8. should
9. should
10. will.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate Modals :

1. I ……………. beat him. (could / might)
2. I thought I …………… win. (will / would)
3. He …………….. play into my hands. (shall / would)
4. I felt I ……………. win by only a few inches. (could / may)
5. They ……………… all be waiting at the next stop. (can / will)
6. They …………….. to stoop so low, he said. (cannot / ought not)
7. A gentleman ……………… be fair to all. (will / shall)
8. You ……………… have the last laugh. (might / must)
9. I am afraid you …………… have to go. (may / will)
10. He did not know what he ……………… do with himself. (shall / should)
Answer:
1. could
2. would
3. shall
4. could
5. will
6. ought not
7. will
8. might
9. will
10. should.