CTET Notes In Hindi | TEACHING LEARNING MATERIALS
CTET Notes In Hindi | TEACHING LEARNING MATERIALS
TEACHING LEARNING MATERIALS
In previous CTET exams, 2 questions in 2011, 2 questions in
2013, 2 questions in 2014, 1 question in 2015 and 2016
have been asked.
Learning and teaching is an ongoing process in which
teachers try to find out ways to make the teaching process
effective and interesting. The language teaching is a dynamic
process and the teacher is well versed with the objectives of
teaching English. Teaching materials should be selected
keeping in mind the objectives of English so that skills of
reading, understanding, listening and speaking can be
developed.
8.1 Teaching Aids and Supporting Materials or Teaching Learning
Materials
Teachers should design appropriate learning activities in line
with the focus of teaching. On the basis of low starting
point, small steps, diversified activities and instant feedback,
teachers should encourage pupils to participate actively
during the learning process to help master the skills and
methods of collaborative learning. Diversified teaching
activities such as situational teaching, competitions, collation
of information, discussion, oral reporting, games, topical
research, production of graphs/figures/models, role play,
recording, visit and experiments may help pupils to enhance
their interest in learning, stimulate their thinking and
reinforce the effectiveness of teaching.
Teachers should exercise their discretion in the appropriate
use of teaching aids. Appropriate teaching aids not only help
to enhance pupils’ interest in learning, but will also
consolidate the knowledge they learned, thus achieving
the objective of teaching. Common teaching aids are
concrete objects, figures, models, word cards, number
cards and audio-visual equipments such as tape recorder,
headset, wire free induction loop system and multimedia
teaching aids etc.
When designing and using teaching aids, teachers should
first consider their practical use and assess whether the
aim of remedial teaching can be attained.
The design and organisation of teaching materials should
be pupil-oriented. They should be selected and collated
systematically to serve the purpose. Teaching materials
provided by the Education Department or other
academic institutions may also serve as a reference for
teachers.
8.1.1 Characteristics of Teaching Aids
Some of the characteristics of teaching aids are given
below
• These aids help to understand and comprehend difficult
ideas and concepts.
• They help to develop interest of the learners and make
them curious.
• They make learners active participants in the learning
process.
• They help in retaining the learnt material for a long time.
• They provide reinforcement for better learning.
• They develop the perception of the learner towards the
content.
8.1.2 Objectives of Using Teaching Aids
Some of the objectives of using teaching aids in teaching
learning process are given below
Audio-visual aids make the teaching learning process
activity very effective. The objectives of using
audio-visual aids in the field of education can be listed as
follows
• To make learning interesting and long lasting.
• To motivate students to learn by arousing their interest in
the subject.
• To save time, energy and burden of the teacher.
• To show application of theoretical knowledge.
• To increase sensory stimuli and cater to other senses
besides mundane reading notes or just listening.
• In language classes for correct pronunciation audio with
simultaneous lip movement.
• To intrepret data, or to explain complex concepts.
• To explain objects that have no physical existence.
Teaching aids can be classified into three types i.e.
audio, video and audio-visual aids.
8.1.3 Audio Aids
Audio aids facilitate learning by using the sense of
hearing. Audio aids help the teachers specially in
language teaching. Some examples of the audio aids are
radio, tape-recorder, linguaphone, audio cassette player
and language laboratory.
1. Radio With the help of radio, a learner gets acquainted
with the correct pronunciation drill. The learner can
improve comprehension through listening.
2. Tape Recorder Corrects the learner’s speech and also
improves reading skills of the learner. It also helps
learner in understanding phonetic sounds of words.
3. Linguaphone It is very helpful in learning a foreign
language. Through linguaphone we learn proper
speech pattern.
4. Language Laboratory It is a place where the learners
put on headphones and listen to a particular language
piece. These labs are set-up with a view to provide
listening activities specially for English language. The
learning materials are recorded on audio-tapes which
are played back by teacher and it is to be lled in the
learners under the supervision of the teacher.
8.2 Visual Aids
These types of aids appeal to the learner’s visual organs.
They help in the attainment of the cognitive, affective
and psychomotor objectives of teaching. Some of the
visual tools are chalk board, soft boards, charts, maps,
pictures and drawings, static and working models, film
strips, slide projector, over head projector.
1. Chalk Board or Soft Board It is used to teach sentence
structure, new words and grammatical examples. Also
complex topics can be explained with the help of
diagrams and figures.
2. Pictures and Charts These can be used to introduce a
new topic or tell a story or teach new vocabulary.
3. Flannel Board These are used to paste inspirational
thoughts and ideas of scholars. Headlines of news are
also displayed on these boards.
4. Narrative Charts These are used for arrangement of
facts and ideas for expressing the events in the process
or development of a significant issue to its point of
resolution and improvement over a period of years.
5. Flash Cards These are useful at elementary or
secondary stage and can be used for small groups or
group discussion. It can also be used for drill and
practice or to apply information already gained by students to
new situations.
6. Maps and Models These can be used to present geographic
facts, or to relate complex concepts to students or enhance
logical audio ability in students.
Audio-Visual Aids
These aids appeal to both the audio organs and visual organs of
the learners. They facilitate in attaining the cognitive, affective
and psychomotor objectives of teaching. Some of the
prominent audio-visual aids are television, films and
computers.
1. Television Watching employs both visual and hearing sensors
It is very effective to develop comprehension ability of the
learner, it can provide better quality instructions. Some
educational programmes, quizzes and news bulletins can help a
learner in understanding concepts, enrich their vocabulary and
pronunciation.
2. Cinema or Motion Pictures Helps in stimulating the
imagination and mental imagery can be used as a vehicle of
thoughts and as a means of clarifying ideas. Learning can be
sped up by using movies and pictorial material to supplement
text books.
3. Computer Assisted Language Learning It means to present
teaching material through computer. The use of computer in
teaching learning process is an innovation in education circle.
The educational programmes are developed with all kinds of
media available for presentation.
In this, we can make use of graphics, texts, audios and videos
The teachers can prepare content in the form of soft copy and
present it before the class. Information can also be stored in files
in computers for future use.
4. Film Strip and Slide Projector Film strips are sequence of
transparent still pictures with individual frames supplemented
with recordings. It is an inexpensive tool when quantity
reproduction is required. Slide projector is a small piece of
transparent material on which a single pictorial image or scene
of graphic image has been photographed or reproduced
otherwise.
8.3 Textbook
Textbook is one of the most common teaching material used by
the English language teachers in teaching learning process.
Textbook is the area in which the language material is
presented and prescribed for teaching and learning English.
The different states have different criteria for the selection of a
good text book. While selecting a textbook, certain criterias or
points should be kept in mind
• Textbooks should be selected keeping in mind the age, interest
and individual differences of learners.
• Textbooks should cover the objectives of English teaching.
• The text books should be free from spelling errors and printing
mistakes. It should be attractive and illustrative.
• Textbooks cover should be attractive and qualitative.
• Each chapter must contain exercises and practical work
pertaining to its content in a text book.
• Textbook chapter should be related to experiences which could
enlighten us and provide some values.
• Language should be used according to the age and interest of
the students.
A good textbook not only teaches but it also tests. A few
essential characteristics of a good text book are given below
• Size of the textbook should be handy for the students.
• The binding should be good and paper used should be of good
quality.
• Heading and sub-heading should be printed on title page in
bold form.
• Illustrations should be attractive. Textbook of young learners
should have pictures which should be well-drawn and
realistically coloured.
• Instructions should be clearly provided alongside the
test and practise exercises.
• The subject matter of the textbook should provide new
information, so that students learn new knowledge.
• A list of related books should be given at the end of the
lesson for further study.
• Text book must cover the whole syllabus.
Text Media
Modern technology has brought textbooks in the form of e-books
and e-journals also. In today’s world of technology revolution
e-books are available in digital form consisting of text, images or both
and it can be read on the flat-panel display of computers or other
electronic devices.
The e-books offer students, teachers and schools an additional
medium or tool of instruction that can support or enhance the
learning process. e-books benefit the students physically,
academically and psychologically.
Using e-books has some constraints like lack of teachers proficient in
using skills required for e-books, the technology is not readily
available and shelf life of e-books is not much.
CHAPTER EXERCISE
1. Which of the following
organisations is working for the
improvement of school
education, especially through
the use of audio visual aids?
(1) NCET
(2) NAAC
(3) NCERT
(4) CBSE
2. Teaching aids are used for
making a lesson
A. interesting B. effective
C. stimulating D. exciting
(1) A, B and C
(2) A and D
(3) B and C
(4) All of the above
3. Which of the following is not
true in the context of teaching
learning materials?
(1) a blackboard can be used for
putting the cut outs of newspapers
and magazines
(2) teaching can be effective through
the use of audio-visual aids
(3) audio visual aids help
comprehend difficult or
monotonous content
(4) Text books are one of the main
teaching learning materials used
in classrooms
4. Which of the following is/are
essential characteristics of a
good text book?
A. The introduction at the
beginning and conclusion at
the end of the chapter should
be given in the text book.
B. There should be both practice
and test exercises at the end of
the chapter.
C. The binding should be proper
and strong
D. No difficult words and new
words are given in a good text
book.
(1) Both A and B
(2) Both A and C
(3) Only A
(4) None of the above
5. Teaching learning materials
should be selected according to
(1) their availability in respective areas
(2) the objectives of teaching
(3) their cost
(4) None of the above
6. Teaching learning materials
make an English lesson
interesting for learners if
(1) It is according to their age and
level of understanding
(2) only costly materials are used
(3) they are in their mother tongue
(4) used very regularly in the learning
process
7. Visual aids used in
teaching/learning process help in
the attainment of which of the
following objective/objectives of
teaching?
(1) Cognitive, affective and
psychomotor
(2) Cognitive and affective
(3) Only cognitive
(4) Only affective
8. A teacher is reading a lesson
about wild life in class V when
suddenly a child, Vineet, gets up
and says that tigers should not
be killed as they are becoming
extinct. The learner’s reaction to
the lesson can be described as
(1) seeking attention of the whole class
(2) interrupting the lesson
(3) relating text content with his own
knowledge about wild life
(4) trying to show his superiority of
knowledge
9. Some qualities of a good English
text book are
(1) good printing with no spelling
mistakes
(2) suitable font size
(3) Realistic and interesting subject
matter
(4) All of the above
10. Language lab is more helpful for
the
(1) pronunciation correction
(2) understanding spoken English
(3) innovative teaching
(4) All of the above
11. According to an old chinese
proverb, ‘A ……… is worth ten
thousand words?
(1) computer
(2) picture
(3) radio
(4) map
12. One of the following qualities is
not expected of a good teacher
(1) communicating freely with students
(2) teaching without using any
audio-visual aids
(3) acquiring knowledge about
student’s background
(4) sharing warmth, enthusiasm and
caring
13. Motivation is an important factor
in language learning. For
example in class VI, …………… may
be done.
(1) memorisation and use of necessary
vocabulary
(2) systematic analysis and use of
structures
(3) use of visual devices and game like
exercises
(4) use of the mother tongue as the
medium
14. Which of the following aids help a
student to hear the correct
pronunciation, get the latest news
and develop his/her
comprehension ability?
(1) Chalk-board
(2) Text-books
(4) Flash cards
(3) Radio
Previous Years Questions
15. A textbook describes a domestic
scene which shows the father
cooking in the kitchen, the mother
coming home from work and their
son sewing. What is the concept
conveyed? [CTET June 2011]
(1) Division of labour among sexes
(2) Work is worship
(3) Removing gender bias
(4) Dignity of labour
16. The use of dictionary does not help
learners to [CTET June 2011]
(1) find out how to say a word
(2) be proficient in oral communication
(3) find the meaning of words
(4) check the part of speech of a word
17. The learning experiences that
offer a vicarious experience to
learners are. [CTET July 2013]
(1) field trips, observations
(2) real objects and specimens
(3) abstract words, case study
(4) display boards, film clips
18. In Computer Aided Instruction
(CAI), the ‘simulation mode’is
where learners [CTET July 2013]
(1) get problems which are solved by a
process for trial and error
(2) experience real life systems and
phenomena
(3) receive bits of information followed
by questions with immediate
feedback
(4) a series of exercises with repetition
practice
19. An activity that requires a class to
design and present a Power Point
on the importance of water
conservation in a target language
is a … activity. [CTET Feb 2014]
(1) multidisciplinary
(2) science project
(3) group
(4) language practice
20. The teacher’s role is shifting
from ‘sage on the stage’ to
‘guide on the side’. Technology
integration helps this process
when [CTET Sept 2014]
(1) systems store more data and
administer tests individually to
students
(2) students actively search for and
explore answers instead of
receiving standard inputs
(3) easy retrieval of large quantities of
stored data is used to facilitate
preparation of notes
(4) assessment of students’ online
inputs is done quickly without
supervision at any time
21. Which one of the following is
not true in relation to the use of
children’s literature?
[CTET Sept 2015]
(1) It makes them understand and
respect diverse cultures
(2) Their reading proficiency
deteriorates and gets worse
(3) It helps in developing learners’
imagination
(4) It broadens their mental horizon
22. A good teaching-learning
material (TLM) can best
[CTET Sept 2016]
(1) be a source of entertainment
(2) help the teacher to transact
material without any modification
(3) help the learners acquire a
language
(4) facilitate the teaching-learning
process
Answers
1. (3) 2. (4) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (2) 6. (1) 7. (1) 8. (3) 9. (4) 10. (4)
11. (2) 12. (2) 13. (3) 14. (3) 15. (3) 16. (2) 17. (4) 18. (2)
19. (1) 20. (2) 21. (2) 22. (4)
★★★
The Complete Educational Website
